Objective To explore the relationship between dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease risk in 340 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 340 DM patients who visited the West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2020 to January 2024 and were followed up for at least one year. According to the occurrence of cardiovascular disease in DM patients within 1 year of follow-up after treatment, the patients were divided into occurrence group and non-occurrence group. The demographic and related disease indicators in the two groups were statistically analyzed, and univariate analysis was performed. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent risk factors affecting the risk of cardiovascular disease in DM patients. Results The survey results showed that 38 out of 340 DM patients developed cardiovascular disease within 1 year of follow-up after treatment, accounting for 11.18%, and 302 cases did not develop cardiovascular disease, accounting for 88.82%. There were no statistical differences in gender, age, education level, family history of DM, smoking history and alcohol drinking history between the two groups (P>0.05). The proportions of DM course (>10 years), hypertension history and abnormal blood lipid-related indicators in the occurrence group were higher than those in the non-occurrence group (P<0.05). Binary logistics regression analysis showed that DM course>10 years, history of hypertension and abnormal blood lipid-related indicators were independent risk factors affecting the risk of cardiovascular disease in DM patients (P<0.05). Conclusion The course of DM, history of hypertension, and abnormal blood lipid-related indicators in DM patients significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. It is necessary to actively monitor and manage blood lipid levels to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanisms by which Bushen Tongluo Jiangzhuo prescription improves renal fibrosis in rats with chronic kidney disease （CKD） through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway. MethodsSeventy specific pathogen-free （SPF） Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into a control group （n=15） and a modeling group （n=55）. Rats in the modeling group were administered a 2.5% adenine suspension at a dose of 200 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 by gavage for 4 weeks to establish a CKD model. Successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into a model group， an irbesartan group （20.25 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）， and Bushen Tongluo Jiangzhuo prescription low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （5.82， 11.64， and 23.28 g·kg^-1·d^-1， respectively）， with 10 rats in each group. Each group was administered an equal volume of physiological saline， the corresponding concentration of irbesartan， or Bushen Tongluo Jiangzhuo prescription by gavage for 12 weeks. Body weight and renal function indices were dynamically monitored. Serum creatinine （SCr）， blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio （ACR）， 24-hour urinary total protein （24 hUTP）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） levels were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Renal histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and Masson staining. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was used to detect the expression of PI3K， Akt， phosphorylated Akt （p-Akt）， and mTOR in renal tissues. Western blot was performed to assess the protein expression of PI3K， p-Akt， Akt， phosphorylated mTOR （p-mTOR）， and mTOR in renal tissues. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to determine the mRNA expression levels of PI3K， Akt， and mTOR in renal tissues. ResultsCompared with the model group， rats in the irbesartan group and the low-， medium-， and high-dose Bushen Tongluo Jiangzhuo prescription groups showed significantly decreased levels of SCr， BUN， ACR， 24 hUTP， IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α （P<0.01）. AST levels were significantly increased （P<0.01）， while no significant difference was observed in ALT levels. Histopathological examination revealed that， compared with the model group， renal tubular epithelial cell edema and necrosis and Bowman's capsule dilation were alleviated， inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced， and interstitial and glomerular fibrosis was markedly improved in all treatment groups， with the most pronounced effect observed in the high-dose Bushen Tongluo Jiangzhuo prescription group. Real-time PCR results showed that mRNA expression levels of PI3K， Akt， and mTOR were significantly downregulated in the high-dose group （P<0.01）. IHC results demonstrated that PI3K and p-Akt expression levels in renal tissues were significantly decreased in the high-dose group （P<0.01）. Western blot analysis further confirmed that the expression levels of PI3K， p-Akt/Akt， and p-mTOR/mTOR were significantly reduced in the high-dose group （P<0.01）. ConclusionBushen Tongluo Jiangzhuo prescription improves renal function indices in CKD rats， reduces collagen deposition in renal tissues， and decreases serum inflammatory factor levels. Its protective effect on renal function may be achieved by activating autophagy through downregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway， thereby alleviating renal fibrosis.

Atherosclerosis （AS） is a vascular disease primarily affecting large and medium-sized arteries. It serves as the pathological basis for many cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and is associated with a relatively high incidence of complications and mortality worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of AS， demonstrating unique therapeutic advantages through multiple targets and pathways. Ligusticum chuanxiong， a commonly used Chinese medicine in clinical practice， contains key active components against AS， including ligustrazine， senkyunolide， ligustilide， quercetin， ferulic acid， vanillic acid， chlorogenic acid， gallic acid， protocatechuic acid， caffeic acid， chrysophanol， and β-sitosterol. Recent literature indicates that these active components can regulate AS through multiple mechanisms， including improving endothelial cell dysfunction， alleviating lipid metabolism disorders， inhibiting macrophage foam cell formation， suppressing the invasion， proliferation， and migration of smooth muscle cells， inhibiting apoptosis， exerting anticoagulant effects and inhibiting platelet activation， protecting mitochondrial function， and modulating intestinal flora and its metabolites， demonstrating significant pharmacological activity and clinical potential. Clinically， L. chuanxiong is often combined with Salvia miltiorrhiza， Paeonia lactiflora， Angelica sinensis， and borneol to form compound formulations， enhancing therapeutic effects and achieving synergistic anti-AS activity. Compound treatment with L. chuanxiong primarily focuses on promoting blood circulation and shows significant efficacy for different AS syndrome types. This article provides an in-depth review of the active components， drug pairs， and compound preparations of L. chuanxiong in the prevention and treatment of AS， aiming to lay a foundation for subsequent theoretical research and clinical applications in managing AS and its related complications.

Gallbladder cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy of the biliary system, often diagnosed at the advanced stage due to its insidious early symptoms, leading to poor overall progno-sis. In recent years, the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and their inte-gration into medicine have opened new avenues for the early diagnosis and precision treatment of gallbladder cancer. Currently, AI incorporating deep learning algorithm has significantly improved diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in ultrasound, computed tomography, and pathological analysis. However, clinical translation of AI models remains limited by challenges such as insufficient annota-ted data and limited model interpretability. Future research should focus on establishing multi-center data-sharing mechanisms, developing interpretability tools, and optimizing multimodal data integration strategies, thereby promoting the transformation of AI technologies from an auxiliary diagnostic tool to a core component of clinical decision-making.

In October 2024, a 36-year-old female patient with botulinum toxin type A intoxication for 15d was admitted to the Department of Neurology of Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital. Although type A botulinum antitoxin (BAT) therapy remained effective, the patient developed a serum sickness-like reaction (SSLR) on day 4 of treatment after receiving eight consecutive desensitizing intramuscular injections of BAT. After stopping the injection of the drug and giving intravenous dexamethasone, the patient’s symptoms improved. On the 6th day after stopping the injection of botulinum antitoxin type A, the patient was followed up in the outpatient clinic and the skin symptoms had almost disappeared. This article analyzed the patient’s medical records and explored the association between BAT and SSLR, suggesting that medical personnel should be alert to the risk of adverse reactions when applying antitoxin therapy, and that they should identify and intervene in a timely manner in order to ensure the safety of the medication and therapeutic efficacy of the patients.

In October 2024, a 36-year-old female patient with botulinum toxin type A intoxication for 15d was admitted to the Department of Neurology of Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital. Although type A botulinum antitoxin (BAT) therapy remained effective, the patient developed a serum sickness-like reaction (SSLR) on day 4 of treatment after receiving eight consecutive desensitizing intramuscular injections of BAT. After stopping the injection of the drug and giving intravenous dexamethasone, the patient’s symptoms improved. On the 6th day after stopping the injection of botulinum antitoxin type A, the patient was followed up in the outpatient clinic and the skin symptoms had almost disappeared. This article analyzed the patient’s medical records and explored the association between BAT and SSLR, suggesting that medical personnel should be alert to the risk of adverse reactions when applying antitoxin therapy, and that they should identify and intervene in a timely manner in order to ensure the safety of the medication and therapeutic efficacy of the patients.

OBJECTIVE To explore the risk factors for postoperative infectious endophthalmitis,distribution of pathogens and peripheral blood interleukin-17(IL-17),matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)in the patients with cataract and analyze the significance.METHODS A total of 60,000 patients with cataract who received surgical procedures in Daqing Eye Hospital from Jan.2018 to Jun.2024 were recruited as the research subjects.The aqueous humor and vitreous humor were collected from the patients with postoperative infectious endophthalmitis,and the isolated pathogens were identified.The baseline data were com-pared,the risk factors for the infectious endophthalmitis were analyzed.The levels of serum IL-17,MMP-2 and IGF-1 were compared,and the efficiencies of the indexes in prediction of infectious endophthalmitis were analyzed.RESULTS Totally 65,600 eyes involving 60,000 patients were enrolled in the study,21 of which(21 patients)were diagnosed with infectious endophthalmitis,with the incidence rate 0.032％.All of the 21 eyes were cultured positive for pathogens,among which gram-positive bacteria(73.08％)were dominant.Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis showed that complication with diabetes mellitus and vitreous overflow were the risk factors for the postoperative infectious endophthalmitis in the cataract patients.There were significant differences in the levels of serum IL-7,MMP-2 and IGF-1 between the infection group and the non-infection group after the surgery for 3 days(P＜0.05).Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis showed that the levels of serum IL-17,MMP-2 and IGF-1 after the surgery for 3 days could predict the occurrence of postoperative infectious endoph-thalmitis in the cataract patients,and the joint detection of the three indexes has highest predictive efficiency(P＜0.05),the area under the curve was 0.950,with the sensitivity 95.24％,the specificity 81.91％.CONCLUSIONS The incidence rate of postoperative endophthalmitis is 0.032％among the cataract patients.The complication with diabetes mellitus and vitreous outflow are the risk factors.The gram-positive bacteria are dominant among the pathogens.The changes of serum IL-17,MMP-2 and IGF-1 levels are closely associated with the occurrence of en-dophthalmitis,which has predictive value.

Gallbladder cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy of the biliary system, often diagnosed at the advanced stage due to its insidious early symptoms, leading to poor overall progno-sis. In recent years, the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and their inte-gration into medicine have opened new avenues for the early diagnosis and precision treatment of gallbladder cancer. Currently, AI incorporating deep learning algorithm has significantly improved diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in ultrasound, computed tomography, and pathological analysis. However, clinical translation of AI models remains limited by challenges such as insufficient annota-ted data and limited model interpretability. Future research should focus on establishing multi-center data-sharing mechanisms, developing interpretability tools, and optimizing multimodal data integration strategies, thereby promoting the transformation of AI technologies from an auxiliary diagnostic tool to a core component of clinical decision-making.

Objective To explore the impact factors of volume reduction rate(VRR)of benign thyroid nodules after thermal ablation based on conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)manifestations.Methods Totally 238 patients with benign thyroid nodules who underwent thermal ablation were retrospectively enrolled and divided into VRR＜75%group(n=93)and VRR≥75%group(n=145)according to VRR of lesions 12 months after treatment.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen the independent impact factors of VRR of lesions 12 months after thermal ablation based on conventional ultrasound and CEUS manifestations.Receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted,the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of the above factors for predicting VRR of lesions.Results High echo,calcification,cystic and solid components,high enhancement,enhancement loss and high ablation energy were all independent risk factors,while circular enhancement was the independent protective factor of VRR of benign thyroid nodules 12 months after thermal ablation(all P＜0.05).The AUC of combination of the above factors for predicting VRR of benign thyroid nodules 12 months after thermal ablation was 0.926.Conclusion High echo,calcification,cystic and solid components,high enhancement,enhancement loss and high ablation energy were all independent risk factors,while circular enhancement was the independent protective factor of VRR of benign thyroid nodules 12 months after thermal ablation.

Objective:To conduct a latent profile analysis of general self-efficacy among postpartum nurses with two children and explore the influencing factors of different profiles.Methods:A stratified sampling approach was used to recruit 298 clinical nurses with two children who had resumed work from 12 public healthcare facilities in Mianyang during May and December 2023. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, Work-Family Conflict Scale, Nursing Stress Scale, Family Stress Scale, and General Self-Efficacy Scale. Latent profile analysis was performed via Mplus 8.3. Pearson correlation and logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between self-efficacy, work-family conflict, nursing stress, family stress, and profile membership.Results:Data collection yielded 298 questionnaires, with 281 valid responses (94.3% response rate). Three latent profiles of general self-efficacy were identified: low efficacy group (43.8%), moderate efficacy group (42.7%), and high efficacy group (13.5%). Work position, hospital level, time since return to work, nursing stress, and family stress were significant predictors of profile membership ( P< 0.05) . Conclusions:General self-efficacy among nurses with two children post-childbirth is heterogeneous. Nursing administrators should deliver tailored interventions based on latent profile characteristics and develop individualized self-efficacy enhancement programs from both individual and organizational perspectives to improve adaptability and competency during post-return work transition.