Objective: To investigate the iodine nutrition status of children in water borne iodine excess areas in Hebei Province, so as to provide references for scientific prevention and control of water borne iodine excess hazards. Methods: From March to September each year during 2018 to 2023, a cross sectional survey was conducted in 39 water borne iodine excess counties (measured in 2017) from 5 cities (Cangzhou, Hengshui, Xingtai, Handan and Langfang) in Hebei Province. The survey included the detection of iodine content in residents drinking water, the measurement of thyroid volume in children aged 6-12, the detection of salt iodine and urinary iodine. The iodine nutrition status and water iodine distribution of 6-12 year-old children were evaluated from different perspectives such as years, gender, and age. Kruskal-Wallis H- test, Mann-Whitney U test and Chi square test were used for group comparison. Results: A total of 38 755 children were surveyed from 2018 to 2023, and 1 270 drinking water samples were tested across the province. The mass volume concentration of iodine in water showed a decreasing trend over the years ( Z= -30.87, P <0.01). Among 38 470 salt samples monitored from children s home, 24 790 were not non iodized salt, with a non iodized salt rate of 64.44%. A total of 31 989 urine samples were collected from children aged 8-10 years, with the median urine iodine was 245.94 μg/L. Comparing the results of urinary iodine in children from different years, the median urinary iodine from 2018 to 2023 were 328.0, 339.3, 267.8, 279.1, 291.3, 186.5 μg/L, respectively, with statistically significant differences ( H= 4 138.40 , P <0.01). Further pairwise comparisons showed that the median urinary iodine of children in 2023 was lower than in all other years ( Z =-51.59 to -11.41, all P <0.01). Among children aged 6-12 years, 1 150 cases of goiter were detected and the rate of goiter was 3.0%; and the goiter rates in boys and girls were 2.8% and 3.1%, with no significant difference between the sexes ( χ 2= 2.76, P >0.05). There were significant differences in the rate of goiter among different years and ages ( χ 2=324.02, 191.61, both P <0.05). Conclusions With the progress of water reform in water borne iodine excess areas of Hebei Province, children s iodine nutrition has reduced from excessive state to suitable state. It is necessary to continue to expand the coverage of water based iodine reduction projects, and strengthen the monitoring of iodine nutrition status of key populations in water borne iodine excess areas.

Objective To analyze the effect of fisetin against venous thrombosis in rats.Methods Seventy SD rats were randomly divided into the following groups:sham-operation group,model group,fisetin 45 mg/kg,15 mg/kg,5 mg/kg groups,and aspirin group(47 mg/kg).The corresponding medication was administered by gavage once a day consecutively(the sham-operation group and the model group were given 0.5％carboxymethyl cellulose sodium solution with 10 mL/kg,respectively)for 7 consecutive days.One hour after the last administration,the rats were anesthetized,the lower part of the intersection of inferior vena cava and left renal vein was ligated with silk thread(no ligation in the sham-operation group),and the abdominal wall was sutured.Two hours later,the abdominal cavity was reopened,the other venous branches 1.5 cm away from the ligation site were closed with the artery clamp,and blood was collected from the abdominal aorta.The anticoagulant ratio of 3.8％sodium citrate∶whole blood was 1∶9.The venous thrombus 1 cm down from the ligation point of the intersection of inferior vena cava and left renal vein was cut and the thrombus was separated.The residual blood was dried with filter paper,weighed and recorded.Plasma was taken after anticoagulant blood centrifugation.The levels of plasma antithrombin-Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ),protease C(PC),plasminogen(PLG),and plasminogen activator inhibitor(PAI-1)were detected by ELISA kits.Results Compared with the model group,the weight of thrombus in fisetin 45 mg/kg group and aspirin 47 mg/kg group decreased(P＜0.01).The content of AT-Ⅲ in three fisetin groups increased(all P＜0.05).The content of PC in fisetin 45 mg/kg increased(P＜0.05).The content of PLG and PAI-1 in fisetin 45 mg/kg group decreased(both P＜0.05).Conclusion Fisetin has the effect against venous thrombosis in vivo,and the effect is related to the upregulation of AT-Ⅲ and PC and the downregulation of PLG and PAI-1.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of tislelizumab monotherapy in the second-line treatment of advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC），so as to provide reference for rational use of drug in clinic. METHODS A three-state partitioned survival model was constructed from the perspective of China’s health system， based on the data of RATIONALE-302 study，with simulation time limit of 10 years， cycle period of 1 month. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio （ICER） was calculated with quality-adjusted life year （QALY） as utility index. The cost-effectiveness of tislelizumab monotherapy was compared with that of chemotherapy for second-line treatment of advanced or metastatic ESCC by cost-utility analysis. The stability of basic analysis results was validated through sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis. RESULTS The results of basic analysis showed that compared with chemotherapy group， incremental cost per capita of tislelizumab group was 35 025.32 yuan，and incremental utility per capita was 2.71 QALYs； ICER was 12 892.31 yuan/QALY， which was far lower than the willingness-to-pay （WTP） threshold of 3 times of China’s per capita gross domestic product （GDP） 242 928 yuan in 2021. The results of univariate sensitivity analysis showed that parameters such as the cost of apatinib， the utility value of disease progression status and the cost of adverse reactions in the chemotherapy group had a great impact on the ICER value， but these parameters could not cause the reversal of the basic analysis results. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that WTP threshold was higher than 80 000 yuan/QALY，the probability of tislelizumab monotherapy possessed cost-effectiveness was 100%. Results of scenario analysis showed that in which model simulation time lasted for 5 or 20 years，ICER of tislelizumab was 8 331.00 yuan/QALY and 12 981.00 yuan/QALY， which were less than 3 times of China’s per capita GDP in 2021 as WTP threshold. CONCLUSIONS When three times of China’s GDP per capita in 2021 is taken as the WTP threshold， the second-line treatment of tirelizumab monotherapy for advanced or metastatic ESCC is more cost-effective than chemotherapy.

Dizziness and vertigo are common clinical symptoms,which requires clinicians to timely identify dizziness and vertigo due to acute stroke,so as not to delay diagnosis and treatment.In previous studies,such stroke was usually attributed to subtentorial vascular lesions such as brainstem and cerebellum.With increasing reports of vestibular symptoms caused by supratentorial stroke,researchers have found that vestibular symptoms caused by stroke are not unique to supratentorial lesions.This paper expounds the morbidity,influencing factors,pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,examination methods,treatment and prognosis of vestibular symptoms related to supratentorial stroke,in order to improve the understanding of clinicians to this disease.

Objectives:To verify the reliability and validity of the frailty assessment scale for elderly patients with inguinal hernia and to evaluate the value of its clinical application.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to collect 129 geriatric patients who underwent inguinal hernia surgery from January 2018 to January 2023 in nine hospitals in Liaoning Province. There were 120 males and 9 females, of whom 89 patients were 60 to <75 years old, 33 patients were 75 to <85 years old and 7 patients were ≥85 years old. The 129 patients included 11 elderly patients with inguinal hernia who had recovered from preoperative infection with COVID-19. Statistical methods such as Cronbach′s coefficient, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test, Bartlett′s test, Pearson′s correlation analysis, etc. were calculated to verify the reliability indexes such as feasibility, content validity, structural validity, criterion-related validity, internal consistency reliability, and re-test reliability. Taking the 5-item modified frailty index (5-mFI) as the gold standard, the area under the curve was used to analyze the ability of the two scales to predict the occurrence of postoperative acute urinary retention, postoperative delirium, poor incision healing, operative hematoma seroma, and postoperative complications.Results:The frailty assessment scale for elderly patients with inguinal hernia showed good reliability and validity (valid completion rate of 99.2%; item content validity index of 1.000, and the scale content validity index of 1.000; exploratory factor analysis extracted a total of 1 principal component, and factor loadings of each item of 0.565 to 0.873; the AUC for frailty diagnosis using 5-mFI as the gold standard of 0.795 ( P<0.01) Cronbach′s coefficient of 0.916, retest reliability coefficient of 0.926), it could effectively predict postoperative acute urinary retention, delirium, hematoma seroma in the operative area and total complications (AUC of 0.746, 0.870, 0.806, and 0.738, respectively; all P<0.05), and prediction efficiency was higher than that of 5-mFI (AUC of 0.694, 0.838, 0.626 and 0.641, P<0.05 for delirium only), but both scales were inaccurate in predicting poor incision healing (AUC of 0.519, P=0.913 for the frailty assessment scale and 0.455, P=0.791 for the 5-mFI). Conclusions:The frailty assessment scale for elderly patients with inguinal hernia is reliable and significantly predicts the occurrence of postoperative adverse events in elderly inguinal hernia patients. The scale can also be used for preoperative frailty assessment in elderly patients with inguinal hernia after rehabilitation from COVID-19 infection.

Objectives:To verify the reliability and validity of the frailty assessment scale for elderly patients with inguinal hernia and to evaluate the value of its clinical application.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to collect 129 geriatric patients who underwent inguinal hernia surgery from January 2018 to January 2023 in nine hospitals in Liaoning Province. There were 120 males and 9 females, of whom 89 patients were 60 to <75 years old, 33 patients were 75 to <85 years old and 7 patients were ≥85 years old. The 129 patients included 11 elderly patients with inguinal hernia who had recovered from preoperative infection with COVID-19. Statistical methods such as Cronbach′s coefficient, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test, Bartlett′s test, Pearson′s correlation analysis, etc. were calculated to verify the reliability indexes such as feasibility, content validity, structural validity, criterion-related validity, internal consistency reliability, and re-test reliability. Taking the 5-item modified frailty index (5-mFI) as the gold standard, the area under the curve was used to analyze the ability of the two scales to predict the occurrence of postoperative acute urinary retention, postoperative delirium, poor incision healing, operative hematoma seroma, and postoperative complications.Results:The frailty assessment scale for elderly patients with inguinal hernia showed good reliability and validity (valid completion rate of 99.2%; item content validity index of 1.000, and the scale content validity index of 1.000; exploratory factor analysis extracted a total of 1 principal component, and factor loadings of each item of 0.565 to 0.873; the AUC for frailty diagnosis using 5-mFI as the gold standard of 0.795 ( P<0.01) Cronbach′s coefficient of 0.916, retest reliability coefficient of 0.926), it could effectively predict postoperative acute urinary retention, delirium, hematoma seroma in the operative area and total complications (AUC of 0.746, 0.870, 0.806, and 0.738, respectively; all P<0.05), and prediction efficiency was higher than that of 5-mFI (AUC of 0.694, 0.838, 0.626 and 0.641, P<0.05 for delirium only), but both scales were inaccurate in predicting poor incision healing (AUC of 0.519, P=0.913 for the frailty assessment scale and 0.455, P=0.791 for the 5-mFI). Conclusions:The frailty assessment scale for elderly patients with inguinal hernia is reliable and significantly predicts the occurrence of postoperative adverse events in elderly inguinal hernia patients. The scale can also be used for preoperative frailty assessment in elderly patients with inguinal hernia after rehabilitation from COVID-19 infection.

Objective:To dynamically investigate the iodine nutritional status of residents in water source high iodine areas in Hebei Province, so as to provide basis for taking targeted prevention and control measures and accurate intervention strategies.Methods:According to the "National Monitoring Program for Water Source High Iodine Areas (2018 Edition)", water source high iodine monitoring was carried out in 5 cities and 35 counties (cities, districts, hereinafter referred to as counties) of Hebei Province. According to the survey results of drinking water iodine of residents of Hebei Province in 2017, the administrative villages with a median water iodine above 100 μg/L were sorted according to the water iodine value. The systematic sampling method was adopted. Five administrative villages were selected in each county, if there were less than 5 administrative villages, all of them were selected (if the median water iodine was > 300 μg/L, at least one village shall be selected). The iodine content in drinking water of residents among the monitoring sites, salt iodine, urinary iodine and thyroid volume of children aged 8 - 10, as well as salt iodine and urinary iodine of pregnant women were tested. Water iodine was detected by the "Method Suitable for the Detection of Water Iodine in Iodine Deficient and High Iodine Areas" recommended by the National Iodine Deficiency Reference Laboratory of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Salt iodine was detected by semi quantitative method. Urinary iodine was detected by "Arsenic Cerium Catalytic Spectrophotometry Method" (WS/T 107-2006). Children's thyroid volume was detected by B-ultrasound.Results:A total of 239 water samples were collected in 167 villages, 35 counties, the median water iodine was 163.95 μg/L, ranging from 5.53 - 930.82 μg/L. A total of 6 772 edible salt samples were monitored, including 3 495 non-iodine salt samples and the rate of non-iodine salt was 51.61% (3 495/6 772). A total of 6 101 urine samples of children were tested, the median urinary iodine was 328.00 μg/L. A total of 6 103 children aged 8 - 10 were carried out B-ultrasound detection of thyroid volume in 35 counties. The goiter rate of children was 5.01% (306/6 103), and the rate of nodules was 0.56% (34/6 103). A total of 713 urine samples of pregnant women were tested, and the median urinary iodine was 221.70 μg/L.Conclusions:The iodine nutrition of children in water source high iodine areas of Hebei Province is at an excess level, and the iodine nutrition of pregnant women is at an appropriate level. In addition to stopping the supply of iodized salt, we should further expand the coverage of water improvement and iodine reduction projects in high iodine areas, and strengthen the monitoring of iodine nutrition status of key populations.

Objective:To master the iodine nutritional level of children aged 8-10 and pregnant women in non-iodine excess areas in Hebei Province, and provide scientific basis and targeted prevention and treatment strategies for prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods:Iodine nutrition analysis was conducted in 162 counties (cities and districts, hereinafter referred to as counties) of Hebei Province in 2018. Each monitoring county was divided into 5 sampling areas according to east, west, south, north and middle locations. One township/street was randomly selected in each area, 1 primary school was selected in each township/street, and 40 non-boarding students aged 8-10 were selected from each primary school. In each monitoring county, 20 pregnant women were selected from each of the 5 townships/streets. Both children and pregnant women were collected samples for salt and urinary iodine (with a random urine sample) detection. The iodine content of salt was tested using the "General Test Method for Salt Industry-Determination of Iodine" (GB/T 13025.7-2012), and Sichuan salt and other fortified edible salt used the arbitration method. The urinary iodine content was tested using the "Arsenic-Cerium Catalytic Spectrophotometric Determination of Iodine in Urine" (WS/T 107-2006).Results:A total of 31 883 samples of edible salt were collected from children's homes in 162 counties, among which 28 539 were iodized salt, 26 456 were qualified iodized salt, the iodized salt coverage rate was 88.36% (after population standardization), and the qualified iodized salt consumption rate was 81.03% (after population standardization). A total of 31 883 urine samples were collected from children, with the median urinary iodine of 193.13 μg/L. There was one county with a median urinary iodine < 100 μg/L, and the median urinary iodine in 150 counties was 100-299 μg/L. A total of 15 572 salt samples of pregnant women were collected, among which the iodized salt samples were 14 260, the qualified iodized salt samples were 13 363, the iodized salt coverage rate was 90.10% (after population standardization), and the qualified iodized salt consumption rate was 83.54% (after population standardization). A total of 15 569 pregnant women were collected urine samples, the median urinary iodine was 164.86 μg/L, and the number of counties with a median urinary iodine < 150 μg/L was 67.Conclusions:Iodine nutrition of children and pregnant women is appropriate at the provincial level, but children and pregnant women in some counties are at risk of iodine deficiency. In the future, the prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders should focus on the iodine nutrition monitoring of the special needs.

Age-associated changes in immune cells have been linked to an increased risk for infection. However, a global and detailed characterization of the changes that human circulating immune cells undergo with age is lacking. Here, we combined scRNA-seq, mass cytometry and scATAC-seq to compare immune cell types in peripheral blood collected from young and old subjects and patients with COVID-19. We found that the immune cell landscape was reprogrammed with age and was characterized by T cell polarization from naive and memory cells to effector, cytotoxic, exhausted and regulatory cells, along with increased late natural killer cells, age-associated B cells, inflammatory monocytes and age-associated dendritic cells. In addition, the expression of genes, which were implicated in coronavirus susceptibility, was upregulated in a cell subtype-specific manner with age. Notably, COVID-19 promoted age-induced immune cell polarization and gene expression related to inflammation and cellular senescence. Therefore, these findings suggest that a dysregulated immune system and increased gene expression associated with SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility may at least partially account for COVID-19 vulnerability in the elderly.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging ; genetics ; immunology ; Betacoronavirus ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; Cell Lineage ; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; Coronavirus Infections ; immunology ; Cytokine Release Syndrome ; etiology ; immunology ; Cytokines ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Disease Susceptibility ; Flow Cytometry ; methods ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Rearrangement ; Humans ; Immune System ; cytology ; growth & development ; immunology ; Immunocompetence ; genetics ; Inflammation ; genetics ; immunology ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; immunology ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Transcriptome ; Young Adult

Objective:To master the situation of iodine deficiency disorders and iodine nutrition status of the population in Hebei Province, and to evaluate the effect of salt iodization intervention.Methods:According to "National Surveillance Program on iodine deficiency disorders", in 2018, iodine deficiency disorders surveillance was carried out in 162 counties (cities, districts). Each monitoring county (city, district) was divided into 5 sampling areas according to its locations of east, west, south, north and middle. One township/street was selected in each area, 1 primary school was selected in each township/street, and 40 non-boarding students aged 8 - 10 were selected from each primary school. In each monitoring county, 20 pregnant women were selected from each of the 5 townships/streets. Both children and pregnant women were collected urine and salt samples for detection of iodine levels. The thyroid volume of students was detected by B-ultrasound.Results:A total of 31 883 urine samples were collected from children aged 8 - 10 years in 162 counties (cities, districts), with the median urinary iodine of 193.13 μg/L. There was one county (cities, districts) with a median urinary iodine below 100 μg/L, and the median urinary iodine in 150 counties (cities, districts) was 100 - 299 μg/L. A total of 8 941 children aged 8 - 10 years were tested thyroid by B-ultrasound. A total of 232 cases of goiter were detected, and the rate of goiter was 2.59% (232/ 8 941). A total of 15 569 urine samples of pregnant women were tested, the median urinary iodine was 164.86 μg/L, and the number of counties (cities, districts) with a median urinary iodine below 150 μg/L was 67. A total of 47 455 salt samples were tested across the province, including 31 883 salt samples from children's homes and 15 572 salt samples from pregnant women's homes. The iodized salt coverage rate was 88.79%, and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 81.69%.Conclusions:The iodized salt coverage rate and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt in Hebei Province are all below 90%. The iodine nutrition of children aged 8 - 10 years is at an appropriate level. The thyroid enlargement rate of children is below the national standard, and the iodine nutrition of pregnant women is generally at an appropriate level. But pregnant women in 67 counties (cities, districts) have a risk of iodine deficiency.