ObjectiveTo compare the clinical features of patients with hepatitis B virus （HBV）-related early-onset liver cancer and those with late-onset liver cancer， to assess the severity of the disease， and to provide a theoretical basis for the early diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for 695 patients who were diagnosed with HBV-related liver cancer for the first time in Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital， Guangzhou Medical University， from January 2019 to August 2023， among whom 93 had early-onset liver cancer （defined as an age of50 years for female patients and40 years for male patients） and 602 had late-onset liver cancer （defined as an age of ≥50 years for female patients and ≥40 years for male patients）. Related clinical data were collected， including demographic data， clinical symptoms at initial diagnosis， comorbidities， smoking history， drinking history， family history， routine blood test results， biochemical parameters of liver function， serum alpha-fetoprotein（AFP）， virological indicators， coagulation function， and imaging findings. The pan-inflammatory indices neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio （NLR）， platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio （PLR）， and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio （LMR） were calculated， as well as FIB-4 index， aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index （APRI）， S index， Model for End-Stage Liver Disease （MELD） score， Child-Turcotte-Pugh （CTP） score， albumin-bilirubin （AIBL） grade， and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer （BCLC） stage. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups， and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups； the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test were used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. ResultsThere were significant differences between the two groups in the proportion of male patients and the incidence rates of diabetes， hypertension， and fatty liver disease （χ²=6.357， 15.230， 11.467， and 14.204， all P0.05）， and compared with the late-onset liver cancer group， the early-onset liver cancer group had a significantly higher proportion of patients progressing to liver cancer without underlying cirrhosis （χ²=24.657， P0.001） and a significantly higher proportion of patients with advanced BCLC stage （χ²=6.172， P=0.046）. For the overall population， the most common clinical symptoms included abdominal distension， abdominal pain， poor appetite， weakness， a reduction in body weight， edema of both lower limbs， jaundice， yellow urine， and nausea， and 55 patients （7.9%） had no obvious symptoms at the time of diagnosis and were found to have liver cancer by routine reexamination， physical examination suggesting an increase in AFP， or radiological examination indicating hepatic space-occupying lesion； compared with the late-onset liver cancer group， the patients in the early-onset liver cancer group were more likely to have the symptoms of abdominal distension， abdominal pain， and jaundice （all P0.05）. Compared with the late-onset liver cancer group， the early-onset liver cancer group had a significantly larger tumor diameter （Z=2.845， P=0.034）， with higher prevalence rates of multiple tumors and intrahepatic， perihepatic， or distant metastasis （χ²=5.889 and 4.079， both P0.05）， and there were significant differences between the two groups in tumor location and size （χ²=3.948 and 11.317， both P0.05）. Compared with the late-onset liver cancer group， the early-onset liver cancer group had significantly lower FIB-4 index， proportion of patients with HBsAg ≤1 500 IU/mL， and levels of LMR and Cr （all P0.05）， as well as significantly higher positive rate of HBeAg and levels of log₁₀ HBV DNA， AFP， WBC， Hb， PLT， NLR， PLR， TBil， ALT， Alb， and TC （all P0.05）. ConclusionCompared with late-onset liver cancer， patients with early-onset liver cancer tend to develop liver cancer without liver cirrhosis and have multiple tumors， obvious clinical symptoms， and advanced BCLC stage， which indicates a poor prognosis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.01.013.].

Objective:This study aimed to analyze the genetic subtypes and drug resistance transmission characteristics of HIV-1 among the preoperative population in Ningxia from 2018 to 2023, to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of the AIDS epidemic.Methods:Plasma samples and demographic information of HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiviral treatment in Ningxia from 2018 to 2023 were collected. Blood samples with a viral loads >200 copies/ml from preoperative testing were amplified, sequenced, and subjected to genotypic resistance testing to analyze their genetic subtypes and drug resistance characteristics. The TN93 model in MEGA11 software was used to calculate the genetic distance between each pair of all sequences, and a molecular transmission network was constructed in Cytoscape 3.10.0 with 1.9% as the genetic threshold.Results:Among 101 preoperative HIV/AIDS patients, CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE were the predominant subtypes. The majority were male (85.15%, 86/101), aged 41-60 years (45.54%, 46/101), residing in Yinchuan city (61.39%, 62/101), and infected via heterosexual transmission (71.29%, 72/101), with most cases being late-detected. Of 39 drug-resistant sequences, resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) alone (18.81%, 19/101) and dual resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)-NNRTIs (13.86%, 14/101) were most common. Among 44 sequences forming 13 transmission clusters, nine clusters harbored drug-resistant mutations. Four subtypes entered the molecular network, primarily involving heterosexual transmission, individuals with junior high school education or below, and men aged≥50 years.Conclusions:From 2018 to 2023, the preoperative HIV/AIDS patients had diversified genetic subtypes, with higher rates of overall drug resistance and late detection, stronger drug resistance and higher mortality rate. Strengthening molecular epidemiological research and developing targeted screening strategies are critical to improve early detection and reduce transmission risks.

Objective:To investigate the expression of serum miR-326 and miR-501 in patients with endometrial cancer (EC) and their correlation with postoperative recurrence.Methods:From Sep. 2020 to Sep. 2023, 108 patients diagnosed with EC who received initial treatment in Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College were as the study group, and another 108 patients with benign endometrial hyperplasia were as the control group. All EC patients were followed up for 1 year after surgery, and were assigned into a recurrence group of 15 cases and a non recurrence group of 93 cases based on the follow-up results. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to determine the expression levels of serum miR-326 and miR-501. Logistic regression was applied to analyze the factors affecting postoperative recurrence in EC patients. The predictive efficacy of serum miR-326 and miR-501 for postoperative recurrence in EC patients was analyzed by establishing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results:Compared with the control group, the expression level of serum miR-326 in the study group was prominently lower ( P<0.05), while the expression level of miR-501 was obviously higher ( P<0.05). Compared with the non recurrence group, the expression level of serum miR-326 in the recurrence group was obviously lower ( P<0.05), while the expression level of miR-501 was obviously higher ( P<0.05). The combination of serum miR-326 and miR-501 had the highest AUC in predicting postoperative recurrence in EC patients, which was better than their individual predictions ( Zcombination - miR-326=2.456, P=0.014, Zcombination - miR-501=2.282, P=0.023). Logistic regression analysis revealed that serum miR-326 was a protective factor affecting postoperative recurrence in EC patients ( P<0.05), while miR-501 was a risk factor affecting postoperative recurrence in EC patients ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The expression level of miR-326 in the serum of EC patients is prominently reduced, while the expression level of miR-501 is obviously increased. The combination of the two can be better used to predict postoperative recurrence in patients.

Objective:To learn about the current situation of organizational management and inter-departmental coordination and provide a basis for optimization the national joint prevention and control strategy of endemic fluorosis and arsenicosis.Methods:The staff engaged in prevention and control of endemic fluorosis and arsenicosis at the provincial, municipal, county, township, and village levels were selected as the investigation subjects. An online questionnaire survey was conducted to collect relevant information on organizational management and departmental coordination. SAS 9.4 software was used for data statistical analysis.Results:A total of 3 107 valid questionnaires were collected, covering 25 provinces, distributed in 6 regions including Northeast China, North China, East China, Central China, Northwest China, and Southwest China. Totally 92.52% (1 088/1 176) of the respondents believed that a leading group for prevention and control of endemic diseases had been established in their localities, there were statistically significant differences among different regions (χ 2 = 17.18, P = 0.004). However, the highest proportion of those who believed that no leading group had been established was in the Southwest China (14.09%, 21/149). Totally 83.97% (906/1 079) of the respondents believed that the coordination role of the leading group for endemic disease prevention and control was very good or relatively good. The proportion of survey respondents who believed that the local water resources department had a good/relatively good main responsibility in implementation of water improvement measures in drinking-water-borne fluorosis and arsenic poisoning areas, as well as in management of fluoride and arsenic reduction water improvement projects, were 90.51% (2 203/2 434) and 89.37% (2 143/2 398), respectively. The differences between different regions were statistically significant (χ 2 = 70.90, 57.40, P < 0.001). The highest proportion of general/poor cases was believed to be in the southwest region [25.14% (46/183), 24.58% (44/179)]. Totally 71.37% (187/262) of the respondents believed that the supply and distribution of low-fluorine brick tea in tea-drinking-borne endemic fluorosis areas were very good or good. Totally 90.55% (1 447/1 598) of the respondents believed that local medical insurance departments had included skeletal fluorosis patients who were covered by medical insurance. Totally 90.71% (1 474/1 625) of the respondents believed that social assistance departments had included eligible patients with skeletal fluorosis in the scope of social assistance. There were significant differences in the inclusion rate among different regions (χ 2 = 50.45, 46.22, P < 0.001). North China [18.99% (30/158), 21.43% (33/154)] and Southwest China [18.64% (33/177), 15.22% (28/184)] were the two regions with the highest percentage of respondents who believed that the above two were not included. Totally 83.19% (1 425/1 713) of the respondents believed that the local designated hospital for treatment of skeletal fluorosis had been established, there were statistically significant differences among different regions (χ 2 = 31.54, P < 0.001). North China (26.40%, 47/178) and Northwest China (24.56%, 42/171) had the highest proportion of those who believed that there were no designated treatment hospitals for skeletal fluorosis. Totally 83.58% (1 502/1 797) of the respondents believed that the utilization of medical insurance and other policy assistance was very good or good by skeletal fluorosis patients. In Northeast China (30.34%, 27/89), North China (28.41%, 50/176), Southwest China (24.00%, 48/200), and Northwest China (21.43%, 39/182), the proportion of those who believed that the utilization was average and poor were significantly lower than those in East China (11.57%, 96/180) and Central China (10.94%, 35/320, Pcorrect < 0.05). Totally 92.96% (2 747/2 955) of the respondents believed that the cooperation degree of education departments in school monitoring and health education was very good or good, and there were significant differences between different regions (χ 2 = 26.11, P < 0.001), and the highest proportion of respondents who believed that the degree of cooperation was average and poor was in Southwest China (12.63%, 37/293). Conclusions:Except for the East China and Central China, there are different degrees of problems in the organization management and/or departmental coordination and cooperation between departments of endemic fluorosis and arsenicosis prevention and control, especially in the Southwest region. All regions should raise awareness of risk prevention and control, strengthen joint prevention and control, and integrate medical and prevention mechanisms, and consolidate and improve the achievements of endemic fluorosis and arsenicosis prevention and control.

Objective:To investigate the expression of serum miR-326 and miR-501 in patients with endometrial cancer (EC) and their correlation with postoperative recurrence.Methods:From Sep. 2020 to Sep. 2023, 108 patients diagnosed with EC who received initial treatment in Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College were as the study group, and another 108 patients with benign endometrial hyperplasia were as the control group. All EC patients were followed up for 1 year after surgery, and were assigned into a recurrence group of 15 cases and a non recurrence group of 93 cases based on the follow-up results. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to determine the expression levels of serum miR-326 and miR-501. Logistic regression was applied to analyze the factors affecting postoperative recurrence in EC patients. The predictive efficacy of serum miR-326 and miR-501 for postoperative recurrence in EC patients was analyzed by establishing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results:Compared with the control group, the expression level of serum miR-326 in the study group was prominently lower ( P<0.05), while the expression level of miR-501 was obviously higher ( P<0.05). Compared with the non recurrence group, the expression level of serum miR-326 in the recurrence group was obviously lower ( P<0.05), while the expression level of miR-501 was obviously higher ( P<0.05). The combination of serum miR-326 and miR-501 had the highest AUC in predicting postoperative recurrence in EC patients, which was better than their individual predictions ( Zcombination - miR-326=2.456, P=0.014, Zcombination - miR-501=2.282, P=0.023). Logistic regression analysis revealed that serum miR-326 was a protective factor affecting postoperative recurrence in EC patients ( P<0.05), while miR-501 was a risk factor affecting postoperative recurrence in EC patients ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The expression level of miR-326 in the serum of EC patients is prominently reduced, while the expression level of miR-501 is obviously increased. The combination of the two can be better used to predict postoperative recurrence in patients.

Objective:To learn about the current situation of organizational management and inter-departmental coordination and provide a basis for optimization the national joint prevention and control strategy of endemic fluorosis and arsenicosis.Methods:The staff engaged in prevention and control of endemic fluorosis and arsenicosis at the provincial, municipal, county, township, and village levels were selected as the investigation subjects. An online questionnaire survey was conducted to collect relevant information on organizational management and departmental coordination. SAS 9.4 software was used for data statistical analysis.Results:A total of 3 107 valid questionnaires were collected, covering 25 provinces, distributed in 6 regions including Northeast China, North China, East China, Central China, Northwest China, and Southwest China. Totally 92.52% (1 088/1 176) of the respondents believed that a leading group for prevention and control of endemic diseases had been established in their localities, there were statistically significant differences among different regions (χ 2 = 17.18, P = 0.004). However, the highest proportion of those who believed that no leading group had been established was in the Southwest China (14.09%, 21/149). Totally 83.97% (906/1 079) of the respondents believed that the coordination role of the leading group for endemic disease prevention and control was very good or relatively good. The proportion of survey respondents who believed that the local water resources department had a good/relatively good main responsibility in implementation of water improvement measures in drinking-water-borne fluorosis and arsenic poisoning areas, as well as in management of fluoride and arsenic reduction water improvement projects, were 90.51% (2 203/2 434) and 89.37% (2 143/2 398), respectively. The differences between different regions were statistically significant (χ 2 = 70.90, 57.40, P < 0.001). The highest proportion of general/poor cases was believed to be in the southwest region [25.14% (46/183), 24.58% (44/179)]. Totally 71.37% (187/262) of the respondents believed that the supply and distribution of low-fluorine brick tea in tea-drinking-borne endemic fluorosis areas were very good or good. Totally 90.55% (1 447/1 598) of the respondents believed that local medical insurance departments had included skeletal fluorosis patients who were covered by medical insurance. Totally 90.71% (1 474/1 625) of the respondents believed that social assistance departments had included eligible patients with skeletal fluorosis in the scope of social assistance. There were significant differences in the inclusion rate among different regions (χ 2 = 50.45, 46.22, P < 0.001). North China [18.99% (30/158), 21.43% (33/154)] and Southwest China [18.64% (33/177), 15.22% (28/184)] were the two regions with the highest percentage of respondents who believed that the above two were not included. Totally 83.19% (1 425/1 713) of the respondents believed that the local designated hospital for treatment of skeletal fluorosis had been established, there were statistically significant differences among different regions (χ 2 = 31.54, P < 0.001). North China (26.40%, 47/178) and Northwest China (24.56%, 42/171) had the highest proportion of those who believed that there were no designated treatment hospitals for skeletal fluorosis. Totally 83.58% (1 502/1 797) of the respondents believed that the utilization of medical insurance and other policy assistance was very good or good by skeletal fluorosis patients. In Northeast China (30.34%, 27/89), North China (28.41%, 50/176), Southwest China (24.00%, 48/200), and Northwest China (21.43%, 39/182), the proportion of those who believed that the utilization was average and poor were significantly lower than those in East China (11.57%, 96/180) and Central China (10.94%, 35/320, Pcorrect < 0.05). Totally 92.96% (2 747/2 955) of the respondents believed that the cooperation degree of education departments in school monitoring and health education was very good or good, and there were significant differences between different regions (χ 2 = 26.11, P < 0.001), and the highest proportion of respondents who believed that the degree of cooperation was average and poor was in Southwest China (12.63%, 37/293). Conclusions:Except for the East China and Central China, there are different degrees of problems in the organization management and/or departmental coordination and cooperation between departments of endemic fluorosis and arsenicosis prevention and control, especially in the Southwest region. All regions should raise awareness of risk prevention and control, strengthen joint prevention and control, and integrate medical and prevention mechanisms, and consolidate and improve the achievements of endemic fluorosis and arsenicosis prevention and control.

Objective:This study aimed to analyze the genetic subtypes and drug resistance transmission characteristics of HIV-1 among the preoperative population in Ningxia from 2018 to 2023, to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of the AIDS epidemic.Methods:Plasma samples and demographic information of HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiviral treatment in Ningxia from 2018 to 2023 were collected. Blood samples with a viral loads >200 copies/ml from preoperative testing were amplified, sequenced, and subjected to genotypic resistance testing to analyze their genetic subtypes and drug resistance characteristics. The TN93 model in MEGA11 software was used to calculate the genetic distance between each pair of all sequences, and a molecular transmission network was constructed in Cytoscape 3.10.0 with 1.9% as the genetic threshold.Results:Among 101 preoperative HIV/AIDS patients, CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE were the predominant subtypes. The majority were male (85.15%, 86/101), aged 41-60 years (45.54%, 46/101), residing in Yinchuan city (61.39%, 62/101), and infected via heterosexual transmission (71.29%, 72/101), with most cases being late-detected. Of 39 drug-resistant sequences, resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) alone (18.81%, 19/101) and dual resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)-NNRTIs (13.86%, 14/101) were most common. Among 44 sequences forming 13 transmission clusters, nine clusters harbored drug-resistant mutations. Four subtypes entered the molecular network, primarily involving heterosexual transmission, individuals with junior high school education or below, and men aged≥50 years.Conclusions:From 2018 to 2023, the preoperative HIV/AIDS patients had diversified genetic subtypes, with higher rates of overall drug resistance and late detection, stronger drug resistance and higher mortality rate. Strengthening molecular epidemiological research and developing targeted screening strategies are critical to improve early detection and reduce transmission risks.

Objective To investigate the relationship between daily intake of B vitamins(vitamins Bl,B2,B6 and niacin)and chronic constipation and chronic diarrhea.Methods Data of 3 durations(2005-2006,2007-2008 and 2009-2010)from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)database were collected and retrospectively analyzed.For the 13 788 participants,their intake of vitamin B1,B2,B6,and niacin were assessed through a 24-hour dietary recall interview.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to explore the correlation between B vitamins and chronic constipation and chronic diarrhea.Additionally,sensitivity analysis and curve fitting correlation analysis were conducted to further elucidate the observed relationships.Results Among the subjects who were enrolled in the study,2 520(18.28％)were diagnosed with chronic constipation,while 2 138(15.51％)were diagnosed with chronic diarrhea.Multivariate logistic regression analysis and sensitivity analysis indicated linear correlations between the intake of vitamin B1,niacin and vitamin B6 and the occurrence of chronic constipation and chronic diarrhea.An increase in the daily intake of these nutrients potentially reduced the risk of chronic constipation,but also increased the risk of chronic diarrhea(P＜0.05).Conclusion Daily intake of vitamins B1,B2,B6 and niacin is correlated with the occurrence of chronic constipation and chronic diarrhea.