Based on spleen deficiency-phlegm dampness as the core pathogenesis of obesity， and integrating recent advances in modern medicine regarding the key role of immune inflammation in obesity， this paper proposes a multidimensional pathogenic network of "obesity-spleen deficiency-phlegm dampness-immune imbalance". Various traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） herbs that strengthen the spleen， regulate qi， and resolve phlegm and dampness can treat obesity by improving spleen-stomach transport and transformation， promoting water-damp metabolism， and regulating immune homeostasis. This highlights immune inflammation as an important entry point to elucidate the TCM concepts of "spleen deficiency-phlegm dampness" and the therapeutic principle of "strengthening the spleen and eliminating dampness to treat obesity". By systematically analyzing the intrinsic connection between "spleen deficiency generating dampness， internal accumulation of phlegm dampness" and immune dysregulation in obesity， this paper aims to provide theoretical support for TCM treatment of obesity based on dampness.

With the accelerated global population aging and urbanization, cognitive dysfunction has become a major public health challenge. Epidemiological evidence indicates that long-term exposure to particulate matter and environmental noise are independent risk factors for cognitive decline, and recent studies suggest that their combined exposure may exert a synergistic amplifying effect. This review summarized the progress in epidemiological research on the impacts of particulate matter and noise exposure on cognitive function, specifically focusing on the synergistic effects of their combined exposure. Furthermore, it outlined common biological mechanisms such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular endothelial damage. However, while existing studies have preliminarily revealed the synergistic effects of combined particulate matter and noise exposure on cognitive function, the conclusions remain heterogeneous, and the investigation of underlying mechanisms is still insufficient. Future research should prioritize refined exposure assessment, long-term cohort studies, and specific high-exposure occupational scenarios, and carry out further in-depth investigations, thereby providing a basis for health risk assessment and the development of intervention strategies.

Objective: To investigate the availability and use of child safety seats among children aged 0-3 years, so as to provide the basis for improving riding safety for children. Methods: Parents of children aged 0-3 years in Huangpu District, Shanghai Municipality, were recruited using the stratified multistage random sampling method from May to July 2024. Demographic information, family travel patterns, the use of child safety seat and related health beliefs were collected using questionnaire surveys. Factors affecting the use of child safety seats were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 514 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 96.98%. The respondents included 122 fathers (23.74%) and 392 mothers (76.26%), with a median age of 34.00 (interquartile range, 5.00) years. There were 446 families equipping with child safety seats, accounting for 86.77%; and 169 families using child safety seats, accounting for 32.88%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the parents who had children aged >1-2 years (OR=0.597, 95%CI: 0.366-0.973), travelled 2-4 times per month (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.213-0.607) or once per month or less (OR=0.384, 95%CI: 0.202-0.729), and scored high in perceived barrier (OR=0.634, 95%CI: 0.486-0.827) were less likely to use child safety seats; the parents who had children with local household registration (OR=2.506, 95%CI: 1.356-4.633), travelled 5-<10 km (OR=1.887, 95%CI: 1.148-3.101) or ≥10 km (OR=2.319, 95%CI: 1.355-3.967), always wore seat belts (OR=2.342, 95%CI: 1.212-4.524), scored high in perceived susceptibility (OR=1.392, 95%CI: 1.091-1.778) and self-efficacy (OR=1.413, 95%CI: 1.156-1.727) were more likely to use child safety seats. Conclusions Equipping family cars with child safety seats and using them can prevent and reduce traffic injuries among children aged 0-3 years. It is recommended to strengthen publicity to promote the use of child safety seats.

Task performance is an important concern in ergonomics. Task performance is often affected by adverse ergonomic factors, resulting in health and economic losses. How to utilize effective indicators to evaluate the degree of impact of adverse ergonomic factors on workers' task performance is particularly important. In this paper, we conducted a literature review and analysis on the impact of adverse ergonomic factors on workers' task performance, focusing on summarizing available physiological, psychological, and neurocognitive behavioral function test indicators for evaluating workers' task performance. This summary of existing evaluation indicators provided reference and guidance for future evaluations of the impact of adverse ergonomic factors on workers' task performance.

BACKGROUND:Liuwei Dihuang Wan takes"three tonifying and three reducing effects"as its compatibility feature to nourish yin and tonify the kidneys,while Zuogui Wan takes"seeking yin in yang"as its compatibility feature to nourish yin and tonify the kidneys by promoting yang.Both of them belong to the same method of nourishing yin and tonifying the kidneys,and have better curative effects at the symptomatic and cellular molecular levels. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of Liuwei Dihuang Wan and Zuogui Wan in bone metabolism,and to explore their mechanism of action in the osteoprotegerin(OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand(RANKL)osteoblastic pathway. METHODS:Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into model,Liuwei Dihuang Wan,Zuogui Wan,and sham operation group,with eight rats in each group.Osteoporosis models were prepared using removal of both ovaries in the first three groups.Starting at 30 days postoperatively,rats in the Liuwei Dihuang Wan group were gavaged with Liuwei Dihuang Wan 1.125 g/kg/d;rats in the Zuoqui Wan group were gavaged with Zuogui Wan 2.25 g/kg/d;and rats in the sham operation group and the model group were gavaged with saline 10 mL/kg/d.After 12 weeks of gavage,the rat tibia was taken to measure bone mineral density.The serum levels of estrogen,bone alkaline phosphatase,and cAMP/cGMP were measured using ELISA,and the expression of OPG/RANKL in the femur was detected using western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the sham operation group,the model group showed a decrease in bone mineral density and levels of estrogen and bone alkaline phosphatase(P＜0.05)and an increase in cAMP/cGMP level(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the Liuwei Dihuang Wan group and the Zuogui Wan group significantly increased bone mineral density(P＜0.05)and bone alkaline phosphatase levels(P＜0.05);the Zuogui Wan group significantly decreased cAMP/cGMP levels(P＜0.05)and upregulated OPG expression(P＜0.05);the Liuwei Dihuang Wan group upregulated OPG expression and downregulated RANKL expression(P＜0.05);and both groups were unable to significantly increase estrogen levels(P＞0.05).To conclude,Zuogui Wan,which seeks yin from yang,can effectively increase the expression of OPG but cannot downregulate the expression of RANKL.However,Liuwei Dihuang Wan,which has three tonifying and three reducing effects,can bidirectionally regulate the expression of OPG and RANKL.This result suggests that Liuwei Dihuang Wan can significantly inhibit osteoclastic function compared with Zuogui Wan,and further research is needed to verify this conclusion.

Objective: To investigate the trends in incidence and mortality of lung cancer in Huangpu District, Shanghai Municipality from 2002 to 2019, so as to provide the evidence for formulating lung cancer prevention and control measures. Methods: Data of lung cancer incidence and mortality among residents in Huangpu District from 2002 to 2019 were collected through the Shanghai Cancer Registration and Reporting Management System. The crude incidence and mortality of lung cancer was calculated, and standardized by the data from the Chinese Fifth National Population Census in 2000 (Chinese-standardized rate) and the Segi's world standard population in 1960 (world-standardized rate). The trends in incidence and mortality of lung cancer among residents by age and gender were evaluated using annual percent change (APC). Results: A total of 12 965 cases of lung cancer were reported in Huangpu District from 2002 to 2019, and the crude incidence rate was 80.66/105, the Chinese-standardized incidence rate was 34.54/105, and the world-standardized incidence rate was 31.30/105, all showing upward trends (APC=4.588%, 2.933% and 3.247%, all P<0.05). A total of 10 102 deaths of lung cancer were reported, and the crude mortality rate was 62.30/105, showing an upward trend (APC=0.959%, P<0.05); the Chinese-standardized mortality was 25.93/105, and the world-standardized mortality was 22.05/105, both showing downward trends (APC=-1.282% and -1.263%, both P<0.05). The crude incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer in males were higher than those in females (101.39/105 vs. 60.52/105, 85.45/105 vs. 39.87/105, both P<0.05). The crude incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer showed upward trends with age (both P<0.05), reaching their peaks in the age groups of 80-<85 years (341.37/105) and 85 years or above (355.97/105), respectively. Conclusions The incidence of lung cancer showed an upward trend, while the mortality showed a downward trend in Huangpu District from 2002 to 2019. Elderly men were the high-risk group for lung cancer incidence and mortality.

Objective The purpose of the study is to breed homozygous interferon-γ knockout(IFN-γ-/-)mice and optimize the breeding strategies to achieve continuous and stable reproduction of IFN-γ-/-mice,which could be used as an ideal animal model for fundamental research.Methods Initially,heterozygous IFN-γ knockout(IFN-γ+/-)C57BL/6J mice were used as the parental generation for breeding.Subsequently,3 breeding strategies were employed using the offspring:(1)female heterozygotes mated with male heterozygotes;(2)male homozygotes mated with female heterozygotes;(3)female homozygotes mated with male homozygotes.The number and survival rate of IFN-γ-/-mice were compared across the three breeding strategies to determine the optimal breeding strategy.Under the optimal strategy,the effects of female mating age and diet type on the reproductive performance of IFN-γ-/-mice were further evaluated.Data from the first three litters of 60 IFN-γ-/-female mice,including litter size,number of weaning survivors,and weaning survival rate,were recorded and analyzed.In addition,the effects of dietary supplementation of pregnant mice and environmental optimization measures,such as the provision of shelters,were evaluated.Results Under conditions where the nutritional needs of pregnant mice were adequately met by supplementation with egg yolk and sunflower seeds,mating of female and male IFN-γ-/-mice result ed in a litter size of five to eight IFN-γ-/-mice,demonstrating higher efficiency compared to other breeding strategies.In addition,diet type and mating age significantly influenced female reproductive performance.When 7～9 weeks old female IFN-γ-/-mice were mated to male IFN-γ-/-mice and fed a high-protein breeding diet,litter size(6.9±1.7),weaning survival number(6.5％±2.0％)and weaning survival rate(93.2％±17.8％)were higher than those under other conditions.In addition,providing shelters to prevent fighting between breeding pairs further improved reproductive outcomes.Conclusions By adopting an optimized breeding strategy,combined with a high-protein diet,nutritional supplementation,and standardized mating age management,the breeding efficiency and stability of IFN-γ-/-mice can be significantly improved.This provides a reliable animal model for related research.

The oropouche virus (OROV) poses a threat to pregnant women and fetuses, potentially causing fetal neurological defects and even stillbirth, which has caused global attention. OROV is an arthropod-borne virus belonging to the Orthobunyavirus genus in the Bunyavirales order, primarily transmitted by arthropods and causing oropouche fever. This article reviews the etiological characteristics, epidemiological distribution, clinical symptoms, detection methods, and prevention strategies of OROV. OROV is prevalent in Central and South America, with a sharp increase in cases reported in Brazil in 2024. The virus's symptoms resemble those of several other arthropod-borne viral diseases, which can lead to misdiagnosis. Currently, there are no specific drugs or vaccines available, and treatment is mainly supportive. Culicoides paraensis and Culex quinquefasciatus are among the significant vectors of OROV. Furthermore, the article analyzes the distribution of Culex quinquefasciatus in China, highlights the risk of imported cases, proposes targeted prevention and control strategies, and underscores the significance of international cooperation in disease prevention and control.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Yisui Yangxin moxibustion (moxibustion for benefiting the marrow and nourishing the heart) in sequential trial on blood pressure (BP), perimenopausal symptoms, cardiovascular function and heart rate variability (HRV) in prehypertension in perimenopausal women. METHODS: The eligible female patients of prehypertension of perimenopausal period were collected according to the inclusion criteria. Based on the requirements of open two-way qualitative response sequential trial, the sample size was not set in advance, and the matched pair design was used for random division into a moxibustion group and a health education group. The patients of the two groups were treated in pairs, and the analysis was immediately performed after the end of treatment for each pair, and the sequential trial analysis (STA) was diagrammed. The health education group provided the health education for prehypertension to the patients according to 2018 Revised Chinese Hypertension Prevention and Treatment Guidelines. In the moxibustion group, beside the health education for prehypertension, the non-suppurative moxibustion was delivered at Baihui (GV20), Guanyuan (CV4) and bilateral Neiguan (PC6) and Zusanli (ST36), once every two days, 3 treatments per week and for 4 consecutive weeks. Before treatment, in 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, as well as in 1-month follow-up after treatment, BP was measured in each group, separately. Before treatment and in 4 weeks of treatment, the observation was performed in the score of the modified Kupperman scale, and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) score, the indexes of cardiovascular function (stroke volume [SV], cardiac output per minute [CO], stroke index [SI], cardiac index [CI], left ventricular effective pumping force [VPE], left ventricular energy efficiency [EWK], arterial compliance [AC], left ventricular ejection resistance [VER], blood viscosity (N), and microcirculation half update rate [MHR]), and heart rate variability (HRV) indexes (low frequency [LF], high frequency [HF], LF/HF, standard deviation of NN interval [SDNN], root mean square of successive differences in adjacent NN intervals [RMSSD]). RESULTS: Based on sequential test line, when the trial was performed to the 17th pair, and the test line touched the upper limit U, meaning the results of the moxibustion group was superior to the health education group, thus, the trial stopped immediately. In 2 and 4 weeks of treatment and in follow-up, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were lower when compared with those before treatment in the moxibustion group (P<0.05); SBP at each time point and DBP in 2 and 4 weeks of treatment in the moxibustion group were lower than those of the health education group (P<0.05). After treatment, the score of the modified Kupperman scale was reduced when compared with that before treatment in the moxibustion group (P<0.05). The score of the modified Kupperman scale and PSQI in the moxibustion group were lower than those of the health education group after treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, SV, CO, SI, CI and EWK were increased in comparison with the indexes before treatment in the moxibustion group (P<0.05), and VER and N were dropped (P<0.05). After treatment, SV, CO, SI, CI and EWK in the moxibustion group were higher than those of the health education group (P<0.05), and VER and N were lower (P<0.05). After treatment, in the moxibustion group, LF, HF, SDNN and RMSSD were increased in comparison with those before treatment (P<0.05), and LF/HF was declined (P<0.05). In the health education group, after treatment, LF, HF, SDNN and RMSSD decreased when compared with those before treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, LF, HF, SDNN and RMSSD in the moxibustion group were higher than those of the health education group (P<0.05), and LF/HF was lower (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 94.1% (16/17) in the moxibustion group, higher than that (41.2%, 7/17) in the health education group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Moxibustion can reduce SBP and DBP in prehypertension of perimenopausal women, alleviate perimenopausal symptoms, improve cardiac function and adjust the overall balance of cardiac autonomic nerves.
Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Perimenopause ; Blood Pressure ; Prehypertension/prevention & control* ; Heart Rate ; Acupuncture Points ; Adult

OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy and safety of Tiaowei Jiannao acupuncture (acupuncture for regulating defensive qi and nourishing brain) for post-ischemic stroke insomnia (PISI). METHODS: A total of 96 patients with PISI were randomized into an acupuncture group (32 cases, 1 case was excluded), a medication group (32 cases, 1 case dropped out, 1 case was excluded) and a sham-acupuncture group (32 cases, 1 case dropped out, 1 case was excluded). In the acupuncture group, Tiaowei Jiannao acupuncture was applied at bilateral Shenmai (BL62), Zhaohai (KI6), Hegu (LI4), Taichong (LR3), and Baihui (GV20), Sishencong (EX-HN1), Yintang (GV24⁺), Shenting (GV24), once a day, 1-day interval was taken after 6-day treatment, for 3 weeks totally. In the medication group, eszopiclone tablet was given orally, 1-3 mg a time, once a day for 3 weeks. In the sham-acupuncture group, non-invasive sham acupuncture was applied, the acupoint selection, frequency and course of treatment were the same as the acupuncture group. Before treatment, after 2,3 weeks of treatment, the scores of Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), self-rating sleep scale (SRSS), National Institutes of Health Stroke scale (NIHSS), Hamilton depression scale-17 (HAMD-17) were observed; before and after treatment, the sleep parameters were recorded using polysomnography (PSG); and the efficacy and safety were evaluated after treatment in the 3 groups. RESULTS: After 2,3 weeks of treatment, the scores of PSQI, HAMD-17 and SRSS in the acupuncture group and the medication group, as well as the SRSS scores in the sham-acupuncture group were decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05); after 2 weeks of treatment, the NIHSS score in the acupuncture group was decreased compared with that before treatment (P<0.05); after 3 weeks of treatment, the NIHSS scores in the acupuncture group, the medication group and the sham-acupuncture group were decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05). After 3 weeks of treatment, the scores of PSQI, SRSS, HAMD-17 and NIHSS in the acupuncture group and the medication group, as well as the NIHSS score in the sham-acupuncture group were decreased compared with those after 2 weeks of treatment (P<0.05). After 2,3 weeks of treatment, the scores of PSQI, SRSS and HAMD-17 in the acupuncture group and the medication group were lower than those in the sham-acupuncture group (P<0.05), the NIHSS scores in the acupuncture group were lower than those in the medication group and the sham-acupuncture group (P<0.05); after 3 weeks of treatment, HAMD-17 score in the acupuncture group was lower than that in the medication group (P<0.05), the NIHSS score in the medication group was lower than that in the sham-acupuncture group (P<0.05). Compared before treatment, after treatment, the total sleep time was prolonged (P<0.05), the wake after sleep onset, sleep latency, and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep latency were shortened (P<0.05), the sleep efficiency was improved (P<0.05), the number of awakenings was reduced (P<0.05), the percentage of rapid eye movement (REM%) and the percentage of NREM stage 1 (N1%) were decreased (P<0.05), the percentage of NREM stage 2 (N2%) and the percentage of NREM stage 3 (N3%) were increased (P<0.05) in the acupuncture group and the medication group; the sleep latency was shortened in the sham-acupuncture group (P<0.05). After treatment, the PSG indexes in the acupuncture group and the medication group were superior to those in the sham-acupuncture group (P<0.05); in the acupuncture group, the number of awakenings was less than that in the medication group (P<0.05), the REM% and N1% were lower than those in the medication group (P<0.05), the N2% and N3% were higher than those in the medication group (P<0.05). The total effective rate were 93.5% (29/31) and 90.0% (27/30) in the acupuncture group and the medication group respectively, which were higher than 10.0% (3/30) in the sham-acupuncture group (P<0.05). There was no serious adverse events in any of the 3 groups. CONCLUSION Tiaowei Jiannao acupuncture improves the insomnia symptoms in patients with ischemic stroke, improves the quality of sleep, increases the deep sleep, promotes the recovery of neurological function, and relieves the depression. It is effective and safe for the treatment of PISI.
Humans ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Male ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/physiopathology* ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Acupuncture Points ; Treatment Outcome ; Adult ; Ischemic Stroke/complications* ; Stroke/complications* ; Sleep