Objectives:Comparative analysis of the beagles acute-phase electrocardiographic,hemodynamic,left ventricular flow field status,and energy consumption characteristics of pacing at different sites of conduction system may help to elucidate the scientific mechanism of left bundle branch pacing(LBBP)as a option of physiological pacing therapy.Methods:Eight healthy adult beagles were used in this study.Initially,an active fixation lead was implanted in the right atrial appendage,followed by implantation of another active fixation lead at the right ventricular apex,distal His bundle,and left bundle septal branch,respectively.After connecting a dual-chamber pacemaker,electrocardiographic and acute phase hemodynamic parameters under sinus rhythm,right ventricular apex pacing(RVAP),distal His bundle pacing(DHBP),and LBBP states were collected and analyzed.Three complete cardiac cycles of standard apical three-chamber color Doppler dynamic images were acquired under vector flow mapping(VFM)mode.Offline analysis was performed on obtained parameters including isovolumic contraction period,rapid ejection period,isovolumic relaxation period,rapid filling period,atrial contraction period,and left ventricular intracavitary energy consumption.These parameters were compared under pacing at different sites and the linear correlations of major parameters were analyzed.Results:The QRS duration of baseline intrinsic sinus rhythm,RVAP,DHBP and LBBP were(45.0±4.0)ms,(98.4±6.2)ms,(50.0±4.5)ms and(62.0±4.7)ms,respectively.The LBBP-QRS duration was significantly wider than intrinsic sinus rhythm and DHBP,but significantly narrower than RVAP(all P<0.01).Compared with baseline AOO mode(the pacing rate was performed at 10 beats/min above the intrinsic heart rate),the change of acute phase maximum left ventricular pressure rise rate(LVdP/dtmax)in RVAP,DHBP and LBBP was([-7.89±5.67]% ),([0.74±2.05]% )and([-0.14±3.59]% ),respectively.There was no significant difference in LVdP/dtmax changes between DHBP and LBBP(P=0.667),but both pacing modalities were significantly better than RVAP(all P<0.01).The average energy consumption of the left ventricle under RVAP was significantly higher than that of intrinsic sinus rhythm,DHBP,and LBBP in isovolumic contraction period,rapid ejection period,isovolumic relaxation period,rapid filling period,and atrial contraction period(all P<0.01).However,there was no statistically significant difference in energy consumption among intrinsic sinus rhythm,DHBP,and LBBP during the above five phases(all P>0.05).DHBP and LBBP did not show a significant increase in the number of left ventricular vortices,vortex area,and circulation intensity compared to intrinsic sinus rhythm,and LBBP did not show a significant increase in vortex area and circulation intensity compared to DHBP.Conclusions:Although LBBP canines significantly prolonged the paced QRS duration,it showed no significant differences in acute phase left ventricular hemodynamics,left ventricular flow field status,and energy consumption compared to intrinsic sinus rhythm and DHBP.Performance of LBBP was superior to RVAP.This study may contribute to revealing the theoretical basis of LBBP as a feasible physiological pacing therapy.

Objectives:Comparative analysis of the beagles acute-phase electrocardiographic,hemodynamic,left ventricular flow field status,and energy consumption characteristics of pacing at different sites of conduction system may help to elucidate the scientific mechanism of left bundle branch pacing(LBBP)as a option of physiological pacing therapy.Methods:Eight healthy adult beagles were used in this study.Initially,an active fixation lead was implanted in the right atrial appendage,followed by implantation of another active fixation lead at the right ventricular apex,distal His bundle,and left bundle septal branch,respectively.After connecting a dual-chamber pacemaker,electrocardiographic and acute phase hemodynamic parameters under sinus rhythm,right ventricular apex pacing(RVAP),distal His bundle pacing(DHBP),and LBBP states were collected and analyzed.Three complete cardiac cycles of standard apical three-chamber color Doppler dynamic images were acquired under vector flow mapping(VFM)mode.Offline analysis was performed on obtained parameters including isovolumic contraction period,rapid ejection period,isovolumic relaxation period,rapid filling period,atrial contraction period,and left ventricular intracavitary energy consumption.These parameters were compared under pacing at different sites and the linear correlations of major parameters were analyzed.Results:The QRS duration of baseline intrinsic sinus rhythm,RVAP,DHBP and LBBP were(45.0±4.0)ms,(98.4±6.2)ms,(50.0±4.5)ms and(62.0±4.7)ms,respectively.The LBBP-QRS duration was significantly wider than intrinsic sinus rhythm and DHBP,but significantly narrower than RVAP(all P<0.01).Compared with baseline AOO mode(the pacing rate was performed at 10 beats/min above the intrinsic heart rate),the change of acute phase maximum left ventricular pressure rise rate(LVdP/dtmax)in RVAP,DHBP and LBBP was([-7.89±5.67]% ),([0.74±2.05]% )and([-0.14±3.59]% ),respectively.There was no significant difference in LVdP/dtmax changes between DHBP and LBBP(P=0.667),but both pacing modalities were significantly better than RVAP(all P<0.01).The average energy consumption of the left ventricle under RVAP was significantly higher than that of intrinsic sinus rhythm,DHBP,and LBBP in isovolumic contraction period,rapid ejection period,isovolumic relaxation period,rapid filling period,and atrial contraction period(all P<0.01).However,there was no statistically significant difference in energy consumption among intrinsic sinus rhythm,DHBP,and LBBP during the above five phases(all P>0.05).DHBP and LBBP did not show a significant increase in the number of left ventricular vortices,vortex area,and circulation intensity compared to intrinsic sinus rhythm,and LBBP did not show a significant increase in vortex area and circulation intensity compared to DHBP.Conclusions:Although LBBP canines significantly prolonged the paced QRS duration,it showed no significant differences in acute phase left ventricular hemodynamics,left ventricular flow field status,and energy consumption compared to intrinsic sinus rhythm and DHBP.Performance of LBBP was superior to RVAP.This study may contribute to revealing the theoretical basis of LBBP as a feasible physiological pacing therapy.

Objective:This study aims to investigate the prevalence and distribution characteristics of mental disorders among people aged 18 and above in Shandong Province.Methods:In 2015, an epidemiological survey was carried out to investigate the patterns of mental disorders in 49 counties of Shandong Province. A total of 28 000 individuals aged 18 years or older were selected using the multistage stratified cluster sampling method. All these participants were classified as at a high or low risk of mental disorders according to the assessment results of the revised version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The diagnosis of mental disorders was confirmed using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Forth edition (DSM-Ⅳ) axis I or MMSE. All participants at high risk of mental disorders were evaluated using DSM-Ⅳ or MMSE to confirm the psychiatric diagnoses, while 10% of participants at low risk of mental disorders were randomly selected to be evaluated. The prevalence and its 95% confidence interval of mental disorders were adjusted according to study design and sociodemographic characteristics of the sample. The between-group differences of prevalence were compared using chi-square tests or Fisher′s exact tests as appropriately.Results:A total of 27 489 individuals completed survey. The adjusted prevalence of any mental disorder was 17.46% (95 %CI 17.02%-17.89%). The five most prevalent mental disorder spectrums were substance use disorders (5.29%), mood disorders (4.47%), anxiety disorders (4.46%), intellectual and mental disorders due to physical or substance (1.91%), and psychotic disorders (1.12%). The most common mental disorders were alcohol use disorder (5.27%) and major depressive disorder (2.14%). The prevalence of mental disorders in men was higher than that in women (23.37% vs. 13.89%; χ 2=408.91, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of mental disorders between rural residents and urban residents (17.69% vs. 17.20%; χ2=1.05, P=0.305). Of participants with mental disorders, 26.12% (1 047/4 008) had moderate to severe functional impairment and 10.98% (428/3 898) have sought professional help. Conclusion:The prevalence of mental disorders among people aged 18 and above in Shandong Province is basically consistent with the results of similar domestic studies. The prevalence of mental disorder was higher in men than in women and was not differ in participants living in urban and rural areas. Alcohol use disorder, major depressive disorder, non-specific anxiety disorder and non-specific depressive disorder are most common mental disorders.

Objective:This study aims to investigate the prevalence and distribution characteristics of mental disorders among people aged 18 and above in Shandong Province.Methods:In 2015, an epidemiological survey was carried out to investigate the patterns of mental disorders in 49 counties of Shandong Province. A total of 28 000 individuals aged 18 years or older were selected using the multistage stratified cluster sampling method. All these participants were classified as at a high or low risk of mental disorders according to the assessment results of the revised version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The diagnosis of mental disorders was confirmed using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Forth edition (DSM-Ⅳ) axis I or MMSE. All participants at high risk of mental disorders were evaluated using DSM-Ⅳ or MMSE to confirm the psychiatric diagnoses, while 10% of participants at low risk of mental disorders were randomly selected to be evaluated. The prevalence and its 95% confidence interval of mental disorders were adjusted according to study design and sociodemographic characteristics of the sample. The between-group differences of prevalence were compared using chi-square tests or Fisher′s exact tests as appropriately.Results:A total of 27 489 individuals completed survey. The adjusted prevalence of any mental disorder was 17.46% (95 %CI 17.02%-17.89%). The five most prevalent mental disorder spectrums were substance use disorders (5.29%), mood disorders (4.47%), anxiety disorders (4.46%), intellectual and mental disorders due to physical or substance (1.91%), and psychotic disorders (1.12%). The most common mental disorders were alcohol use disorder (5.27%) and major depressive disorder (2.14%). The prevalence of mental disorders in men was higher than that in women (23.37% vs. 13.89%; χ 2=408.91, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of mental disorders between rural residents and urban residents (17.69% vs. 17.20%; χ2=1.05, P=0.305). Of participants with mental disorders, 26.12% (1 047/4 008) had moderate to severe functional impairment and 10.98% (428/3 898) have sought professional help. Conclusion:The prevalence of mental disorders among people aged 18 and above in Shandong Province is basically consistent with the results of similar domestic studies. The prevalence of mental disorder was higher in men than in women and was not differ in participants living in urban and rural areas. Alcohol use disorder, major depressive disorder, non-specific anxiety disorder and non-specific depressive disorder are most common mental disorders.

Objective To investigate the effect ofbiglycan (BGN) on neural apoptosis in mice with early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).Methods SAH models were induced by endovascular perforation in young male C57BL/6J mice.(1) Totally,48 mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group,SAH 6 h group,SAH 12 h group,SAH 24 h group,SAH 48 h group,and SAH 72 h group (n=8);the BGN protein and mRNA expressions were detected by Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR).(2) Totally,16 mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group and SAH 48 h group (n=8);immunofluorescent double staining was conducted to explore the BGN expression in the neurons of brain tissues.(3) Totally,24 mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group,sham+control lentivirus group,and sham+BGN lentivirus group (n=8);BGN lentiviral vector and control lentivirus were administered intracerebroventricularly 7 d before sham-operation;qRT-PCR was performed to explore the BGN mRNA expression.(4) Totally,48 mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group,SAH+control lentivirus group,and SAH+BGN lentivirus group (n=16);BGN lentiviral vector and control lentivirus were administered intracerebroventricularly 7 d before SAH;neurological scores were detected by modified Garcia scale and beam balance tests;TUNEL was used to detect the neuronal apoptosis,and Western blotting was performed to explore the expressions of nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB) and phosphorylated-(p-) NF-κB.Results (1) Mice in the SAH 48 h group had the highest BGN protein and mRNA expressions,which showed statistical differences as compared with the sham-operated group (P＜0.05).(2) A majority of BGN expressions were detected in the neurons 48 h after SAH.(3) The sham+BGN lentivirus group had statistically lower BGN mRNA expression than the sham+control lentivirus group (P＜0.05).(4) As compared with those in the SAH+control lentivirus group,both scores of modified Garcia scale and beam balance tests were significantly higher in SAH+BGN lentivirus group (6.125±1.246 vs.13.000±1.309;1.125±1.126 vs.2.875±0.835),and neural apoptosis ratio and ratio of p-NF-κB/NF-κB were significantly lower in the SAH+BGN lentivirus group (51.950％±11.166％ vs.31.938％±7.705％;1.161±0.156 vs.0.886±0.142,P＜0.05).Conclusion Inhibition of BGN can effectively reduce neuronal apoptosis in mice with EBI after SAH,and attenuate neurological deficits.

Objective To explore the altered expression of circular RNA (circRNA) and mRNA in the mouse cortex in the early phase of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and possible biological functions of the circRNA in early brain injury (EBI).Methods A total of 18 C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into a sham and a SAH group (n=9).SAH models were prepared by endovascular perforation.Total RNAs of brain samples were extracted to construct the cDNA library 24 h after operation.RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was carried out by HiSeqTM 2500 User Guide and followed by RT-qPCR for confirmation.Reads were aligned to the mouse transcriptome to obtain expression profiles ofcircRNA and mRNA.Bioinformatic study included GO analysis,KEGG pathway analysis and forecast of targeted miRNA of circRNA.Results A total of 26 circRNA (6 up-regulated and 20 down-regulated) and 804 mRNA (396 up-regulated and 408 down-regulated) were significantly changed.These altered mRNA were mainly related to regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity,inflammatory and immune response.Bioinformatics showed that some significantly altered circRNA contained binding sites for many miRNA.The RT-qPCR analysis of 4 randomly selected circRNA (circFoxj3,circSetbp1,circArpp21 and circ2010111 I01Rik) confirmed the accuracy of RNA-seq.Conclusions SAH alters the expression of circRNA in mouse cortex and the differentially expressed circRNA may be involved in regulation of EBI following SAH,promising a potential therapeutic target for the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of SAH.

Objective To study the effects of main ingredients from microemulsion extract of Compound Longqincao in vitro on anti-influenza virus H1N1 activity; To analyze effects of main ingredients from microemulsion extract on influenza virus inhibition rate.Methods Uniform design was used to conduct the experiment. MTT method was used to detect the effect rate (ER) of anti-influenza virus H1N1 on A549 cells. Setting ER as the index, Minitab17 software was used to establish mathematical model to come up with regression equations of all factors. The effects of ingredients on ER were analyzed and the efficient composition ratio of the optimum anti-influenza virus H1N1 was chosen.ResultsIn the compound compatibility, baicalin showed the most obvious antivirus activity, and licorice glycosides had certain inhibition effects on pathological changes of cells. Five ingredients had coordinative or controlled relation with ER. When per milliliter liquids containing licorice glycosides, baicalin, leucine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid was 13.94μg, 49.44μg, 0.23 mg, 1.25 mg, and 2.50 mg, ER was the best. ER was 85.34%±4.72% after verification.ConclusionThe optimized combination of main ingredients from microemulsion extract of Compound Longqincaocan better play a role in anti-influenza virus H1N1.

Objective: To analyze the clinical features and outcomes of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with dilated-phase hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (DHCM). Methods: A total of 16 DHCM patients received CRT in our hospital from 2007-03 to 2016-01 were retrospectively studied to analyze their clinical features and outcomes. Results: There were 12 male and 4 female patients at the mean age of (53.3±13.5) years. Pre-operative QRS duration of ECG was (158.7±32.2) ms, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was (33.6±6.3) %, the patient with NYHA class I, II, III and IV were 1, 5, 8 and 2 respectively. 13 patients received new CRT device, 3 received upgraded device and 8 (50%) combining atrial fibrillation (AF). The patients were followed-up for (2.56±2.13) years, 5 of them died including 3 of heart failure, 1 of sudden death and 1 of stroke. At 6 months follow-up time, 7 patients had the response to CRT which was defined by the improvement of NYHA class≥1 and the absolute elevation of LVEF≥5%; NYHA class improved from (2.69±0.79) to (2.38±0.89), P=0.02; LVEF increased from (33.6±6.3) % to (40.03±9.83) %, P=0.01. Conclusion: DHCM patients with CRT indication had the higher incidence to suffer from AF, those were more in patients with traditional pacemaker or ICD upgrading. DHCM patients with CRT had the poor general prognosis, while there was still certain proportion of patients had the response to CRT.

ObjectiveTo investigate the regulatory effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Shufengxuanfeijiedu formula on Janus kinase signal transducer and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) of lung tissues in mice with influenza viral pneumonia.Methods According to random number table, 60 mice were randomly divided into six groups with 10 mice in each group: normal group (N), model group (M), Tamiflu control group (C) and low (SL), medium (SM), high dose (SH) Shufengxuanfeijiedu formula groups. The mouse model of influenza virus pneumonia was reproduced by dropping of 0.05 mL 4LD50 inflluenza virus FM1 strain which can be adapted to lung tissue into the nose; while the N received nose instillation of 0.05 mL normal saline. After successful modeling for 2 hours, distilled water was given orally (by lavage) to N and M; Duffy (oseltamivir) 2.5 g·mL-1·d-1 was administrated to C; the TCM SL, SM, SH were intragastrically administered with different doses of shufengxuanfeijiedu decoction into the corresponding groups respectively (the ingredients of prescription: chrysanthemum, mulberry leaf, almond, platycodon root, forsythia, bupleurum etc. forming granules), according to the suitable dose of granules used for human body surface, the dose used for mouse surface area was calculated, the high dose means the dose used in the medium dose group doubled, the low dose means 1/2 dose used in medium group, once a day, once 0.2 mL for consecutive 4 days. Afterwards, the lung tissues were collected, the mouse differential gene expressions related to JAK-STAT pathway were detected by gene chip technology, the standards for screening of differential gene expression were as follows: up-regulated gene was P < 0.05, and the log2ratio > 1; down-regulation gene wasP < 0.05, and log2ratio < -1. The levels in lung tissue kinase (JAK) andγinterferon (IFN-γ) mRNA expressions were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).Results Compared with those in N, the differential expression gene transcription activator, STAT5 [log2 (N/M) = 2.32], interleukin 4 receptor alpha subunit [IL4RA, log2 (N/M) = 4.77], interleukin 12 receptor [IL12R, log2 (N/M) = 1.58], JAK [log2 (N/M) = 2.41] were all obviously up-regulated, and IFN was significantly down-regulated [log2 (N/M) = -1.45] in M. Compared with those in M, C group IFN [log2 (C/M) = 1.51], various TCM dose groups [log2 (SL/M) = 1.46, log2 (SM/M) = 1.72, log2 (SH/M) = 1.40] differential expression gene IFN was significantly up-regulated, STAT5 [log2 (C/M) = -2.06, log2 (SL/M) = -1.41, log2 (SM/M) = -2.10, log2 (SH/M) = -1.89], IL4RA [log2 (C/M) = -2.52, log2 (SL/M) = -1.85, log2 (SM/M) = -2.74, log2 (SH/M) = -1.39), IL12R [log2 (C/M) = -1.48, log2 (SL/M) = -0.10, log2 (SM/M) = -1.58, log2 (SH/M) = -0.53], JAK [log2 (C/M) = -1.44, log2 (SL/M) = -0.88, log2 (SM/M) = -1.74, log2 (SH/M) = -0.53] were significantly down-regulated. In M, the JAK mRNA expression was obviously elevated (2-ΔΔCt: 3.17±0.94 vs. 1.01±0.13,P < 0.05), while the IFN-γ mRNA expression was decreased (2-ΔΔCt: 0.15±0.48 vs. 1.01±0.12,P < 0.05); compared with M, the JAK mRNA expressions in C, SM and SH groups were all obviously decreased (2-ΔΔCt: 2.02±0.63, 1.19±0.30, 1.59±0.67 vs. 3.17±0.94, allP < 0.05); while the IFN-γmRNA expressions in C, SL, SM and SH groups were elevated (2-ΔΔCt: 0.61±0.12, 0.41±0.13, 0.85±0.14, 0.78±0.20 vs. 0.15±0.48, allP < 0.05).Conclusions Shufengxuanfeijiedu formula can ameliorate the mice immune pathological injury of lung tissues induced by influenza virus by regulating JAK-STAT signal pathway and balancing Th1/2 via up-regulating the expression of IFN-γ.

Ideal blood glucose control requires accurate insulin injections under the guidance of frequent glucose monitoring.Artificial pancreas (AP),the closed-loop control system can adjust the input amount of insulin automatically with the body's blood glucose levels.The AP allows diabetics to control blood glucose ideal,then get the benefit of prevention of complications and bring convenience and safety in clinical application.Accuracy is the key issue of the AP.To improve the accuracy of such a system need to improve the detection accuracy and reliability,increase speed and accuracy of the output control,and improve the accuracy of the system regulation model.