Purpose To investigate the effect of shortening the acquisition time of 18F-D6-AV133 PET/CT on image quality and diagnostic efficacy in Parkinson's disease.Materials and Methods A total of 51 participants(27 of Parkinson's disease,24 of healthy-controls)from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from October 2021 to June 2022 were retrospectively selected.Images were obtained after the injection of the tracer 18F-D6-AV133(371.04±16.30)MBq for 60 min,with collection times of 10 min.Four sets of images were reconstructed using CT attenuation correction with acquisition times of 3,5,7 and 10 min.Semi-quantitative analysis was performed on the PET images,calculating the striatum-to-occipital lobe standardized uptake value ratio(SUVR).Two physicians independently conducted qualitative evaluations for each image group.The differences of SUVR and visual score results among four sets of images were performed.The optimal critical value of SUVR was obtained by analyzing the receiver operating characteristic curve of the subjects.Results The visual analysis of image quality had a strong consistency between the two doctors(ICC=0.853,P<0.001).The images with acquisition time of 5 min could reach the common quality level in clinical work,accounting for 78.4%(40/51).The semi-quantitative results of image quality showed that there was no significant difference between SUVR and diagnostic efficiency obtained by acquisition time 5 min and 10 min(Z=1.821,P=0.069),and the best critical value of the two groups was equal to 3.Therefore,properly shortening the acquisition time had no effect on the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.Conclusion With the development and advancement of technical equipment,PET image quality is gradually improving and the scanning time is also gradually shortening.The acquisition time for 18F-D6-AV133 can be shortened from the conventional 10 min to 5 min.

For wild natural medicine, unanticipated biodiversity as species or varieties with similar morphological characteristics and sympatric distribution may co-exist in a single batch of medical materials, which affects the efficacy and safety of clinical medication. DNA barcoding as an effective species identification tool is limited by its low sample throughput nature. In this study, combining DNA mini-barcode, DNA metabarcoding and species delimitation method, a novel biological sources consistency evaluation strategy was proposed, and high level of interspecific and intraspecific variations were observed and validated among 5376 Amynthas samples from 19 sampling points regarded as "Guang Dilong" and 25 batches of proprietary Chinese medicines. Besides Amynthas aspergillum as the authentic source, 8 other Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) were elucidated. Significantly, even the subgroups within A. aspergillum revealed here differ significantly on chemical compositions and biological activity. Fortunately, this biodiversity could be controlled when the collection was limited to designated areas, as proved by 2796 "decoction pieces" samples. This batch biological identification method should be introduced as a novel concept regarding natural medicine quality control, and to offer guidelines for in-situ conservation and breeding bases construction of wild natural medicine.

ObjectiveTo determine the virulence of desert-type Leishmania donovani strains through animal infection experiments and to explore preservation methods for maintaining their pathogenicity.Methods The isolated strain was cultured in vitro for 7, 30, 36, 44, 60, 90, and 150 days, respectively， and inoculated into Lagurus lagurus (L.lagurus) with the dose of 2.6×10⁵ per animal by intraperitoneal injection. The spleen coefficient, infection rate, and antibody positive rate of the inoculated animals were detected at day 60 after infection. The desert-type Leishmania donovani strain was further inoculated with Cricetulus migratorius (C.migratorius) and L. lagurus, respectively, for passaging and preservation. The survival time of two kinds of animals andpathogenicity change of the stain in their bodies were compared.ResultsAfter inoculation of desert-type Leishmania donovani strains cultured in vitro for 7-150 days, the spleen coefficient of inoculated L.lagurus gradually increased from 1% on day 7 to 2.2% on day 30, which was more than 10 times of the normal spleen coefficient. Additionally, on day 60, the spleen coefficient remained 3 times higher than the normal value. The infection rate and antibody positive rate decreased from 80% on day 7 to 0% on day 60. At 90 days, there were no significant differences between the infected groups and the control group, and all the observed indexes were within the normal range. The survival time of L.lagurus infected with the in vivo passage strain ranged from 1 to 13 months, and half of the infected individuals died within 4 months. In contrast, C.migratorius had a survival time ranging from 5 to 31 months, and half of the infected individuals died within an average of 13.7 months. There was a significant difference in the average time of death between the two groups (t=0.000 1, P<0.001), but no significant difference in spleen coefficient (t=0.990, P>0.05). This strain exhibited equal virulence in both animals and remained virulent for up to 4 years after continuous passage.ConclusionWith the prolonged culture time, the virulence of the strain decreases gradually. At 90 d, it has no pathogenicity to L. lagurus. Long-term in vitro culture fails to preserve it's pathogenicity to L.lagurus. Only in vivo inoculation can maintain the virulence of this strain.

ObjectiveTo investigate the features and changing trend of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in the elderly from 2009 to 2019, and to provide a reference for clinical prevention and treatment of DILI in the elderly. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 2107 elderly patients, aged ≥60 years, who were diagnosed with DILI in The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2009 to December 2019, and they were divided into groups according to age. Related clinical data were analyzed, including age, sex, clinical features, prognosis, and regional distribution. The Chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. ResultsAmong the 2107 patients with DILI, there were 802 male patients and 1305 female patients, with a male/female ratio of 1∶1.63. Cholestasis type was the most common clinical type and was observed in 1439 patients (68.3%). There was the highest number of patients in the 60-64 years group (942 patients, 44.7%), among whom 618(65.6%) were female, 589(62.5%) had cholestasis type, 471(50.0%) had chronic DILI, 421(44.7%) had drug-induced liver cirrhosis, and 25(2.7%) had drug-induced liver failure. There were 187 patients in the 75-79 years group, among whom 110 (58.8%) patients were male, 137(73.3%) had cholestasis type, 114(60.9%) had liver cirrhosis, 4(2.1%) had drug-induced liver failure. The results showed that chronic DILI was more common in the 60-64 years group, and liver cirrhosis was more common in the 75-79 years group. As for prognosis, in the 60-64 years group, 27 patients (2.9%) were cured, 885 (93.9%) were improved, 30(32%) had no response or died; in the 65-69 years group, 16 (2.8%) were cured, 528 (92.0%) were improved, and 30(5.2%) had no response or died; in the 70-74 years group, 9(2.8%) were cured, 305(94.1%) were improved, and 10 (3.6%) had no response or died. The results showed that there was no significant difference in mortality rate between the different age groups (P＞0.05). The proportion of elderly DILI patients among hospitalized DILI patients increased from 15.90% in 2009 to 22.05% in 2013 and 27.51% in 2019, with a 1.73-fold increase in 11 years. As for regional distribution, the patients in North China accounted for the highest proportion of 47.08% (the patients from Hebei, Shanxi, and Inner Mongolia accounted for 24.92%, 10.96%, and 10.25%, respectively), followed by those in Northeast China who accounted for 17.85%. The patients in Beijing accounted for 11.53%. ConclusionThe proportion of elderly DILI patients among hospitalized DILI patients tends to increase in these years. Cholestasis type is the most common clinical type, and most of the patients with this clinical type progress to chronic DILI and drug-induced liver cirrhosis. Early diagnosis, early intervention, and standardized treatment of elderly DILI should be taken seriously.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features of patients with Caroli disease. MethodsThe clinical data were collected from 41 patients who were diagnosed with Caroli disease in The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from April 2015 to January 2020, and the patients were divided into type I group with 16 patients and type Ⅱ group with 25 patients. A retrospective analysis was performed for general information, laboratory markers, and clinical features. The independent samples t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data; a Spearman correlation analysis was also performed. ResultsThe type Ⅰ group had a significantly higher level of albumin (Alb) than the type Ⅱ group (t=0.976, P=0.048), and the type Ⅱ group had a significantly higher prothrombin time (PT) than the type I group (Z=3.115, P=0.001). Compared with the type I group, the type Ⅱ group had significantly higher incidence rates of esophageal and gastric varices, upper gastrointestinal bleeding and/or tarry stool, and portal hypertension (χ2=6.077, 5.468, and 2.403, P=0.002, 0.019, and 0.028). In the patients with type Ⅱ Caroli disease, the level of cholinesterase was negatively correlated with the incidence rates of esophageal and gastric varices and portal hypertension (r=-0.468 and -0.436, P=0.018 and 0.029); Alb level was negatively correlated with the incidence rate of esophageal and gastric varices (r=-0.561, P=0.004); red blood cell count was negatively correlated with the incidence rates of esophageal and gastric varices, upper gastrointestinal bleeding and/or tarry stool, and portal hypertension (r=-0.662, -0.566, and -0.436, P＜0.001, P=0.003, and P=0.029); hemoglobin count was negatively correlated with the incidence rates of esophageal and gastric varices, upper gastrointestinal bleeding and/or tarry stool, and portal hypertension (r=-0.605, -0.590, and -0.510, P=0.001, 0.002, and 0.009); PT was positively correlated with the incidence rates of esophageal varices and portal hypertension (r=0.488 and 0.520, P=0.013 and 0.008). ConclusionCompared with the patients with type I Caroli disease, the patients with type Ⅱ Caroli disease have a higher incidence rates of esophageal and gastric varices, upper gastrointestinal bleeding and/or tarry stool, and portal hypertension, with the changes in clinical indicators such as the decrease of Alb level and the increase of PT level, and they tend to have poor prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the effects of nitrous oxide inhalation on conscious sedation of patients during colonoscopy and analyze its risk factors. Methods From October 2016 to July 2017, a total of 154 patients undergoing colonoscopy were included in the study. The comfort level was rated using Modified Gloucester Comfort Scale ( MGCS). Factors affecting comfort level were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression, and then a comfort stratification predicting model was created. Results All 154 patients finished colonoscopy. The mean time of ideal anesthesia state was 195. 15 s. Among the 154 cases, 115 ( 74. 7%) were identified as comfort ( grade of MGCS from 1 to 3) and 39 (25. 3%) were rated as discomfort ( grade of MGCS from 4 to 5). Multivariate regression indicated that age ≥60 years ( P＝0. 000, OR＝1. 074, 95%CI: 1. 036-1. 114) and mild anxiety ( P＝0. 018, OR＝3. 338, 95%CI: 1. 227-9. 079) were associated with comfort level during colonoscopy.The established model with the age (X1) and mild anxiety (X2) was P＝eY/(1+eY), Y＝－3. 812+0. 071X1+1. 205X2(no anxiety was assigned 1, mild anxiety was assigned 2), and the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 0. 746 (95%CI: 0. 661-0. 830), which showed moderate predictive power of the final model. The model reached the highest predictive accuracy when the Yoden Index was 0. 838 with sensitivity of 50. 4% and specificity of 89. 7% for predicting comfort level of patients in conscious sedation status induced by nitrous oxide inhalation during colonoscopy. Conclusion Nitrous oxide can ease pain during colonoscopy, especially for patients over 60 years old and with anxiety. We can use it as an option according to actual circumstance in practice.

Objective To observe the dynamics of F1 antibody and immunoglobulin M (IgM) in cats after vaccinated Yersinia pestis,to discuss the significance of detection of F1 antibody and IgM in surveillance of animal plague.Methods The 3 cats were vaccinated Yersinia pestis on their backs with muhipoint hypodermic injection and blood samples were collected via femoral vein on 3rd to 521st days after injection.F1 antibody was detected by sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),and IgM of F1 antibody was determined with a capture antibody.Results After vaccinated Yersinia pestis for 3rd days,F1 antibody and IgM appeared slightly positive,with the titer of 1 ∶ 22.00 and 1 ∶ 20.33,respectively.The titer of F1 antibody increased to 1 ∶ 25.33 on the 4th day,and reached the peak of 1 ∶ 29.67 on the 97th day,kept 1 ∶ 25.33 on the 521st day.While the titer of IgM reached peak of 1 ∶ 212.00 on the 7th to 10th days,and decreased rapidly to below the positive standard on the 30th day.Conclusions Detection of F1 antibody in cats with plague by sandwich ELISA can trace plague prevalence in animals back to a long time,which may be applied for investigation of plague foci.A single serum sample can determine early animal plague with a capture antibody to detect IgM of F1 antibody in cat with the plague,and a single serum sample tested with the two methods at the same time for detection of F1 antibody and IgM can precisely verify the infection time of plague in animals for 3 to 7 days.

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the reproductive characteristics of indoor-housed Meriones meridianus.Methods According to the data of Meriones meridianus from 1996 to 2002 in the Center for Laboratory Animal research of Xinjiang, the sexual maturity period of male and female animals, the gestation period of female animals, the litter size, weaning rate, survival rate, sex ratio per month and different fetal times were statistically analyzed.Results Sexual maturity period of male and female animals was 109.3 ±21.0 days and 106.3 ±21.7 days, and gestation period of female animals was 21.3 ±1.4 days.The litter size, weaning rate of different fetal times showed no significant difference compared between those of the first to seventh litter ( P>0.05) , and the survival rate of fourth and sixth litter were lower than that of the average offspring per litter, but the difference was no significant (P>0.05).The sex ratio of from first to sixth litter indicated no significant difference ( P>0.05 ) , and the average proportion of male and female was 1.4:1.0.During a year, the animals almost stopped to reproduce from September to November, however, the differences of litter size between the other months were statistically not significant ( P >0.05 ) , the weaning rate and survival rate per month suggested a significant difference ( P <0.05 ) between some of the months.Conclusions Compared with the background data of wild Meriones meridianus, the laboratory reproduction of Meriones meridianus show some differences, mainly, the season of breeding is shifted to December, and the number of reproduction increased by one or two litters.Our results provide useful reference for laboratory animalization of Meriones meridianus.

Objective To conduct morphological observation and gene identification of the strain of flagellate iso -lated from Cricetulus migratorius in the Xinjiang Research Center for Experimental Animals .Methods The ileocecal con-tents of C.migratorius were microscopically examined on direct smear with Wright-Giemsa staining , and the total RNA iso-lated from Xinjiang C.migratorius was extracted and 16S rRNA was amplified by PCR , and then sequenced .Furthermore the homology was compared and the phylogenetic tree was developed using MEGA 5.22 software.Results Morphological observation indicated that the isolated flagellate was Tritrichomonas muris.The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the Xinjiang C. migratorius isolate shared highly homology with that of other Tritrichomonas.Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that the 16S rRNA gene of Xinjiang C.migratorius isolate was classified into a subgroup with T.muris 16S rRNA (U85966.1), but was relatively distant relative from other related tritrichomonas.Conclusions The flagellate isolated from Xinjiang C. migratorius is identified to be T.muris by both morphological observation and 16S rRNA gene analysis.

Kenaf stalk was pretreated by the white-rot fungus Pleurotus sajor-caju incubated in solid-state kenaf stalk cultivation medium. Delignification and subsequent enzymatic saccharification and fermentation of kenaf stalk were investigated in order to evaluate effects of microbial pretreatment on bioconversion of kenaf lignocellulose to fuel ethanol production. The highest delignification rate of 50.20% was obtained after 25-35 days cultivation by P. sajor-caju, which could improve subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of kenaf cellulose. And the saccharification rate of pretreated kenaf stalk reached 69.33 to 78.64%, 4.5-5.1 times higher than the control. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) with microbial-pretreatment kenaf stalk as substrate was performed. The highest overall ethanol yield of 68.31% with 18.35 to 18.90 mg/mL was achieved after 72 h of SSF.
Biofuels ; Ethanol ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Hibiscus ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Lignin ; metabolism ; Plant Stems ; metabolism ; Pleurotus ; metabolism