INTRODUCTION

According to the World Health Organization (2024), 41 million people are killed each year by Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) which is equivalent to 74% deaths globally and 68.5% in the Philippines NCDs considered as lifestyle related include cardiovascular conditions (hypertension, stroke), diabetes mellitus, lung/chronic respiratory diseases and a range of cancers. Tobacco use, physical inactivity, harmful use of alcohol and unhealthy diet increase the risk of death from noncommunicable diseases. Early identification of individuals who are at risk using lifestyle assessment tools is important in the prevention of these non-communicable diseases. 

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to determine the lifestyle risk profile of an urban community under a Community Oriented Primary Care program.

METHODS

This was a cross-sectional survey conducted in an urban community under a Community-Oriented Primary Care program. Using systematic random sampling, one respondent from the included households completed a structured questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, physical assessment, and lifestyle behaviors using a validated Lifestyle Medicine Assessment (LMA) tool. The questionnaire was translated into the Hiligaynon dialect and underwent expert review and pilot testing, demonstrating excellent validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, with a significance level set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS

Eighty-seven among 112 households of the community participated in the study. Demographic profiling revealed that most respondents had above-normal waist-hip ratios, and nearly half had above-normal body mass index (BMI). The overall LMA scores indicated a “Very Good” lifestyle profile (scores 31–40). Among demographic factors, only work status showed a statistically significant association with total LMA scores (p = 0.037). Significant associations were found between specific lifestyle domains and socio-demographic factors. The domain of connectedness was significantly associated with age and educational attainment; nutrition showed significant associations with age, marital status, and income; and substance use was significantly associated with sex and work status.

CONCLUSION

Considering the influence of Lifestyle Behavior on health, especially that of acquiring non-communicable diseases, using lifestyle assessment tools may aid in the formulation of campaigns, projects targeted on the community’s problem. Like in every Family and Community Medicine Residency Programs, COPC programs is one way of using the data gathered on lifestyle behavior in the community. 

Human ; Lifestyle Behavior ; Life Style ; Noncommunicable Diseases

OBJECTIVETo determine evaluate the effect of health-promoting lifestyle on the outcomes of suboptimal health status (SHS).

METHODSA prospective population cohort was conducted by consecutively enrolling 5676 college students who took routine health examination from March to May 2013. The participants were assessed for baseline health status and lifestyle and 2972 participants with SHS were followed up for 1.5 years. Exposure was defined as an unhealthy lifestyle. The health-promoting lifestyle was assessed via the Health-promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP-II). SHS was evaluated using the medical examination report and Sub-health Measurement Scale V1.0 (SHMS V1.0).

RESULTSAmong the 2972 students with SHS, 422 showed recovery of the healthy status at 1.5 year follow-up, 579 showed progression into disease conditions, and 1971 remained in SHS. The participants with recovered health status presented with significant increase of SHMS V1.0 scores by 8.75∓6.95 points compared to the baseline assessment (t=-2.14, P=0.000) in physiological, psychological and social dimensions; they also showed a marked improvement of HPLP-II scores by 14.73 points in 6 dimensions (t=-15.34, P=0.000). Multivariable regression analyses with adjusted demographic variables revealed a significant association between health status and health-promoting lifestyle (P<0.05). Compared with a healthy lifestyle (minimal exposure), a 'poor' lifestyle (the highest level of exposure) was associated with a 30 times higher risk of developing SHS (OR: 30.598, 95% CI: 3.928-238.331), while a 'moderate' lifestyle (a relatively high-level exposure) had a 24 times higher risk of SHS (OR: 23.988, 95%CI: 14.695-39.158), and a suboptimal lifestyle had a nearly 4 times higher risk of SHS (OR: 4.306, 95%CI: 2.767-6.702).

CONCLUSIONs SHS may evolve into either a healthy or a disease condition. A unhealthy lifestyle is the important risk factor contributing to the progression of SHS into a disease condition, suggesting the importance of intervention of unhealthy lifestyles in promoting good health.

Health Behavior ; Health Status ; Healthy Lifestyle ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Regression Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Students

OBJECTIVETo understand the prevalence of participation in leisure-time physical activity, and sedentary behaviors among Chinese adults.

METHODSData from Chinese Chronic Disease Surveillance (2010) was used. Among adults aged 18 years old and over, the information on frequency and duration of occupational activity, house chores, commuting and leisure time activity was collected by an interview with Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). The time spent on watching TV, reading, using computers or playing games after work was also surveyed. This present study only analyzed the percentage of participating in leisure time moderate or vigorous intensity physical activity at least 10 minutes three days per week and the time spent on TV, reading, using computer and playing games during after hours among Chinese adults of 98 649 subjects.

RESULTS11.9% (95%CI: 10.5% - 13.3%) of all adults took part in leisure time moderate or vigorous intensity physical activity at least 10 minutes for three days per week, with-group the percentage highest among age-group 18 - 24 (15.6%, 95%CI: 10.5% - 13.3%) and lowest among age 25 - 34 (9.9%, 95%CI: 8.0% - 11.7%) and 75 years old and over (9.9%, 95%CI: 8.2% - 11.6%) (P < 0.01). The age related change showed a double-peak curve. The percentage was higher in male (13.1%, 95%CI: 11.6% - 14.6%) than in female (10.6%, 95%CI: 9.3% - 12.0%) (P < 0.01). Among the populations engaged in diverse occupations, the lowest percentage was detected among those in farming, forestry, husbandry and fishing (4.2%, 95%CI: 3.4% - 4.9%). Higher percentage was found among the residents lived in urban areas (19.9%, 95%CI: 17.4% - 22.5%) than in rural areas (8.2%, 95%CI: 6.7% - 9.8%) (P < 0.01), and higher in the east area (14.8%, 95%CI: 11.9% - 17.6%) compared to that in central (9.7%, 95%CI: 8.1% - 11.3%) or in west areas (10.3%, 95%CI: 8.4% - 12.3%) in China (P < 0.01). Furthermore, (2.7 ± 2.0) hours per day was spent in sedentary behaviors, such as watching TV, reading, using computers or playing games during after hours. Those aged 18 - 24 years-old spent most time (3.8 ± 2.6) hours per day in sedentary behaviors and the time reduced with age (P < 0.01). More time on Sedentary behaviors were taken by male (2.9 ± 2.1 hours per day) than by female ((2.6 ± 1.9) hours per day) (P < 0.01), with more hours spent in urban ((3.3 ± 2.2) hours per day) than that in rural ((2.5 ± 1.9) hours per day) (P < 0.01). No difference was detected among the residents lived in east ((2.9 ± 2.1) hours per day), central ((2.7 ± 2.0) hours per day) and west area ((2.6 ± 2.0) hours per day) (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe percentage of taking part in moderate and vigorous activity during leisure time was generally low. Average time spent in after hours sedentary behaviors was long.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Exercise ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Leisure Activities ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motor Activity ; Sedentary Lifestyle ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

This study aims to determine the association between obesity-related behaviors (dietary practices, physical activity and body image) and body weight status among adolescents. A total of 382 adolescents (187 males and 195 females) aged 13 to 15 years in Kajang, Selangor participated in this study. Majority of the respondents were Malays (56.0%), followed by Chinese (30.1%) and Indians (13.9%). Dietary practices, physical activity and body image of the adolescents were assessed through the eating behaviors questionnaire, two-day dietary record, two-day physical activity record and multi-dimensional body image scale (MBIS), respectively. Body weight and height were measured by trained researchers. The prevalence of overweight and obesity (19.5%) was about twice the prevalence of underweight (10.5%). About two-thirds of the respondents (72.3%) skipped at least one meal and half of them (56.2%) snacked between meals with a mean energy intake of 1,641 +/- 452 kcal/day. More than half of the respondents (56.8%) were practicing sedentary lifestyle with a mean energy expenditure of 1,631 +/- 573 kcal per day. Energy intake (r = 0.153, P < 0.05), physical activity (r = 0.463, P < 0.01) and body image (r = 0.424, P < 0.01) were correlated with BMI. However, meal skipping, snacking and energy expenditure per kg body weight were not associated with body weight status. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that body image, physical activity and energy intake contributed significantly in explaining body weight status of the adolescents. In short, overweight and obesity were likely to be associated not only with energy intake and physical activity, but also body image. Hence, promoting healthy eating, active lifestyle and positive body image should be incorporated in future obesity prevention programmes in adolescents.
Adolescent ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Body Image ; Body Weight ; Diet Records ; Eating ; Energy Intake ; Energy Metabolism ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Life Style ; Linear Models ; Male ; Meals ; Motor Activity ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sedentary Lifestyle ; Snacks ; Thinness

The purposes of this study were to: 1) describe the patterns of screen-based sedentary behaviors, and 2) examine the association between screen-based sedentary behavior and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in representative Korean children and adolescents, aged 12 to 18 yr, in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Screen-based sedentary behavior was measured using self-report questionnaires that included items for time spent watching TV and playing PC/video games. Physical activity was measured using items for frequency and duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). CVD risk factors such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were measured. Boys spent more time playing PC/video games, and girls spent more time watching TV. After adjusting for age, gender, annual household income, and MVPA, an additional hour of watching TV was significantly associated with the risk of overweight (OR 1.17 [95% CI 1.03-1.33]), high abdominal adiposity (OR 1.27 [1.06-1.51]), and low HDL cholesterol (OR 1.27 [1.10-1.47]). An additional hour spent playing PC/video games also increased the risk of high abdominal adiposity (OR 1.20 [1.03-1.40]). Prospective observations and interventions are needed to determine causal relationships between screen-based sedentary behavior and CVD risk profiles in Korean youth.
Abdominal Fat ; Adolescent ; Cardiovascular Diseases/*etiology ; Child ; Cholesterol, HDL/blood ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Exercise ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys ; Odds Ratio ; Overweight ; Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea ; Risk Factors ; *Sedentary Lifestyle ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Video Games/psychology

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the construct equivalence of the five general factors (subjective health, eating habits, physical activities, sedentary lifestyle, and sleeping behaviors) and to compare the latent means between male and female middle school students in Incheon, Korea. METHODS: The 2008 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey data was used for analysis. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test whether the scale has configural, metric, and scalar invariance across gender. RESULTS: Configural invariance, metric invariance, and factor invariance were satisfied for latent means analysis (LMA) between genders. Male and female students were significantly different in LMA of all factors. Male students reported better subjective health, consumed more fast food and carbonated drinks, participated in more physical activities, showed less sedentary behavior, and enjoyed better quality of sleep than female students. CONCLUSION: Health providers should consider gender differences when they develop and deliver health promotion programs aimed at adolescents.
Adolescent ; Carbonated Beverages ; Eating ; Fast Foods ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Risk-Taking ; Sedentary Lifestyle ; Sex Characteristics