OBJECTIVE To investigate the reversal effect of Qingfei huayu jiedu formula （QFHYJDF） on drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） cells based on the microRNA-641 （miR-641）/extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK） signaling pathway. METHODS The human parental NSCLC cell line A549 was used to establish gefitinib-resistant cells A549/GR by combining concentration gradient increment with high-concentration pulse strategy. After screening for optimal intervention concentration and duration， the resistant cells were divided into a control serum group （treated with 20% blank serum for 48 h）， QFHYJDF-containing serum group （treated with 20% QFHYJDF-containing serum for 48 h）， and the normally cultured group （normally cultured for 48 h）. The cell relative viability， total apoptosis rate， as well as the expression levels of miR-641， neurofibromin 1 （NF1）， ERK1/2， and phosphorylated ERK1/2 （p-ERK1/2）， were assessed in each group. RESULTS Compared with the normally cultured group and the control serum group， the QFHYJDF-containing serum group exhibited significantly decreased cell relative viability and significantly increased total apoptosis rate （ P ＜0.05）. Moreover， the expression of NF1 protein was significantly up-regulated， while the expression levels of miR-641 and p-ERK1， p-ERK2 proteins were significantly down-regulated in the QFHYJDF-containing serum group （ P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS QFHYJDF can inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of gefitinib-resistant lung cancer cells， which may be associated with up-regulating NF1 protein expression， down-regulating miR-641 expression， and inhibiting the activity of the ERK signaling pathway.

Macular hole is an age-related disorder defined by a full-thickness defect of the foveal retina and a profound loss of central vision. First described in the mid-19th century, its study has now extended across more than 150 years. Breakthroughs in science and technology—especially the relentless refinement of retinal imaging platforms—have progressively refined our understanding of the disease. Optical coherence tomography(OCT)in particular has revolutionized characterization of the condition. At the same time, the widespread adoption of macular hole surgery has not only driven deeper investigations into pathogenesis and pre-operative assessment but also facilitated the global dissemination of surgical expertise and a marked rise in anatomical success. This review synthesizes the multimodal imaging hallmarks of macular holes and highlights the remaining clinical challenges in the application of OCT technology.

Background: and Purpose Vertebrobasilar fusiform aneurysms (VBFAs) carry substantial morbidity and mortality, but optimal management for unruptured VBFAs remains unclear. We compared the safety and efficacy of conservative management (CM), stent-assisted coiling (SAC), and flow diverters (FDs) in patients with unruptured VBFAs, focusing on long-term prognosis. Methods: This study included data from a nationwide Chinese cohort of patients with vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysms. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) balanced confounders across groups. The primary outcome was poor prognosis (modified Rankin Scale score >2). Secondary outcomes included aneurysm rupture, ischemic stroke, compression symptoms, and VBFA-related deaths. Logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: Among 1,115 patients with unruptured VBFAs, 838 (median age, 54 years; 655 men) were included. After IPTW, baseline characteristics were balanced. Median follow-up was 54 months. FD was associated with a lower risk of poor prognosis than CM (OR, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.30 to 0.77]; p=0.002), with no difference between CM and SAC. FD also reduced aneurysm rupture (OR, 0.20 [95% CI, 0.07 to 0.60]; p=0.004) and compression symptoms (OR, 0.30 [95% CI, 0.13 to 0.68]; p=0.004) versus CM. Time-to-event analyses further revealed significant differences in vertebral artery lesions and Type I–II VBFAs, whereas no significant differences were observed in basilar or vertebrobasilar junction lesions or in Type III–IV VBFAs. Conclusions Compared with CM, FD was associated with improved long-term outcomes in unruptured VBFAs, particularly in vertebral artery lesions and Type I–II VBFAs, although residual confounding cannot be excluded.

Objective To explore the effects of chronic stress and stress cessation on hypothalamic appetite regulators in mice,and to explore the stress-dependent mechanism of appetite change.Methods A total of 32 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control(Ctrl)group(n=16)and chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)group(n=16).The mice in the CUMS group were given CUMS to establish the stress model,and those in the Ctrl group were fed normally.The food intake and weight of mice were recorded.The CUMS model was verified through tail suspension experiments and forced swimming experiments.Eight mice in the Ctrl group and 8 mice in the CUMS group were randomly sacrificed at the 12th week.The Ctrl group was re-grouped into the cessation-control(C-Ctrl)group(n=8),the CUMS group was re-grouped into the cessation-stress(C-CUMS)group(n=8),and the mice were sacrificed at the 15th week.The mRNA and protein levels of appetite-regulating factors,including orexin 1 receptor(OX1R),leptin receptor(LEPR)and agouti-related protein(AgRP)in the hypothalamus,were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunochemistry.Results From week 2 to week 11 of stress,the food intake of the mice in the CUMS group was significantly higher than that in the Ctrl group(all P＜0.05),while there was no significant difference in body weight between the 2 groups within 11 weeks(all P＞0.05).Compared with the Ctrl group,the immobility durations of forced swimming and tail suspension of the CUMS group were markedly longer after 11 weeks(both P＜0.01),indicating successful modeling.AgRP and OX1R mRNA expression in the hypothalamus of the CUMS group was significantly increased(both P＜0.01),while LEPR mRNA expression was significantly decreased(P＜0.01);AgRP protein in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of the CUMS group was significantly higher than that of the Ctrl group(P＜0.05),and LEPR protein was markedly lower than that of the Ctrl group(P＜0.01).However,after 3 weeks of stress cessation,the C-CUMS group had less food intake and lower body weight than the C-Ctrl group(both P＜0.05).The LEPR mRNA of the C-CUMS group was significantly increased(P＜0.01),while AgRP and OX1R mRNA were not significantly different(both P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in AgRP protein levels between the C-CUMS group and the C-Ctrl group(P＞0.05),while LEPR protein level of the C-CUMS group was significantly higher than that of the C-Ctrl group(P＜0.01).Conclusion CUMS can lead to increased appetite in mice,which may involve the functional regulation of LEPR and AgRP.After the stress cessation,the appetite decreases,which may involve the functional regulation of LEPR.

Human Respiratory Stem Cells (RSCs) play a crucial role in the maintenance, repair and regeneration of the respiratory system. As a novel therapeutic method, stem cell therapy is a popular research direction in the medical field. And with the in-depth research on the mechanism of pneumonia caused by respiratory infections in recent years, the use of RSCs to explore pneumonia caused by respiratory infections and its therapeutic strategies has become a hot topic. In this paper, we firstly outlined the types of RSCs, summarized the mechanism of pneumonia caused by respiratory tract infections, discussed the advantages of RSCs application and the progress of culture differentiation, and elaborated the therapeutic exploration of RSCs in pneumonia caused by respiratory tract infections.

Viral myocarditis(VMC)is a type of myocarditis caused by Coxsackievirus B3(CVB3)infection.Its pathogenesis is complex that includes direct viral action,host immune and inflammatory response,myocardial structure and function remodeling.The therapeutic effect of single target drugs is limited,while traditional Chinese medicine not only has antiviral effects,but also demon-strates systematic advantages in intervening in VMC due to its"multi-component,multi-target,and multi-pathway"characteristics.This article reviews the pathogenic mechanisms of CVB3-induced VMC,clarifies the interaction between CVB3 and host cells,and ex-plores the intervention mechanisms and developments of traditional Chinese medicine interventions for CVB3-induced VMC.At the same time,the prospects of traditional Chinese medicine treatment for CVB3-induced VMC in this study suggest that future research should strengthen the analysis of multi-target synergistic mechanisms based on traditional Chinese medicine formulas,combine artifi-cial intelligence,genomics,and gene editing technologies to predict drug-target interaction networks,establish standardized and per-sonalized system for integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment plans,and provide more effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of VMC.

Objective:To study the effects of aluminum exposure on learning and memory and the expression of nerve growth factor(NGF)in the hippocampus of offspring rats,and to investigate the mechanism by which aluminum impairs learning and memory function.Methods:Forty pregnant Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the Control group(Control),low-dose Al group(Al-L),medium-dose Al group(Al-M)and high-dose Al group(Al-H).The off-spring rats were fed with Al through breast milk from birth to weaning,while the rats in the control group were fed with distilled water.The maternal rats Al-L,Al-M and Al-H groups drank distilled water solution containing 2.0,4.0 and 8.0 g/L AlCl3,respectively.After weaning,the offspring rats in the aluminum exposure group drank distilled water so-lution containing 2.0,4.0 and 8.0 g/L AlCl3 by themselves until the 90th day after birth to establish the offspring rat model of subchronic aluminum exposure.After aluminum exposure,the shuttle box test was used to detect the learning and memory ability of offspring rats,and the body weight of offspring rats and hippocampus were weighed to evaluate the effect of aluminum exposure.The expression of nerve growth factor(NGF)protein in hippocampus of offspring rats was detected by Western blot,and the expression of NGF mRNA in hippocampus of offspring rats was detected by real time RT-PCR.Results:The body weight of offspring rats in Al-H group was significantly lower than that in the other three dose groups.In the shuttle box test,compared with the control group,the active avoidance response and passive avoid-ance response of the offspring rats in the aluminum exposure group showed a downward trend with the increase of alumi-num exposure dose,indicating that the learning and memory ability of the offspring rats in the aluminum exposure group was impaired.Compared with the control group,the NGF protein content and NGF mRNA expression in the hippocam-pus of offspring rats in the aluminum exposure group were significantly decreased.Conclusion:Subchronic aluminum exposure down-regulates the expression of NGF in the hippocampus,which may cause learning and memory impairment in offspring rats.

Objective:To screen serum biomarkers of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients by high throughput data independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics technology.Methods:This was a case-control study. A total of 39 peripheral blood samples were collected at Reproductive Medical Center of Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital from March to November 2021. Among which, 20 cases were from PCOS patients, and 19 cases were from women who underwent assisted reproduction due to male factors causing infertility. DIA proteomics technology combined with bioinformatics analysis were performed to screen for differential protein expression profiles in the serum of PCOS patients. Typical differentially expressed proteins were selected for expression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) validation.Results:The results of DIA proteomics combined with bioinformatics analysis showed that compared with control group, 194 significantly differentially expressed proteins were screened in the peripheral blood of PCOS patients, including 64 upregulated proteins and 130 downregulated proteins. The ROC curve analysis results showed that the area under curve values of PSMD8, RPS15A, NDUFB1, GM2A, and TOP2A were all above 0.9, indicating that these proteins have good diagnostic value. The ELISA validation results showed that the content of TOP2A in peripheral blood of PCOS patients was significantly upregulated ( P=0.046), while the content of GM2A was significantly downregulated ( P=0.021), when compared with control group, which consistent with the DIA results. Conclusion:DIA proteomics can be used to screen the differential expression of peripheral blood proteins in PCOS patients, among which, PSMD8, RPS15A, NDUFB1, GM2A and TOP2A can be used as serum biomarkers for PCOS diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To study the effects of aluminum exposure on learning and memory and the expression of nerve growth factor(NGF)in the hippocampus of offspring rats,and to investigate the mechanism by which aluminum impairs learning and memory function.Methods:Forty pregnant Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the Control group(Control),low-dose Al group(Al-L),medium-dose Al group(Al-M)and high-dose Al group(Al-H).The off-spring rats were fed with Al through breast milk from birth to weaning,while the rats in the control group were fed with distilled water.The maternal rats Al-L,Al-M and Al-H groups drank distilled water solution containing 2.0,4.0 and 8.0 g/L AlCl3,respectively.After weaning,the offspring rats in the aluminum exposure group drank distilled water so-lution containing 2.0,4.0 and 8.0 g/L AlCl3 by themselves until the 90th day after birth to establish the offspring rat model of subchronic aluminum exposure.After aluminum exposure,the shuttle box test was used to detect the learning and memory ability of offspring rats,and the body weight of offspring rats and hippocampus were weighed to evaluate the effect of aluminum exposure.The expression of nerve growth factor(NGF)protein in hippocampus of offspring rats was detected by Western blot,and the expression of NGF mRNA in hippocampus of offspring rats was detected by real time RT-PCR.Results:The body weight of offspring rats in Al-H group was significantly lower than that in the other three dose groups.In the shuttle box test,compared with the control group,the active avoidance response and passive avoid-ance response of the offspring rats in the aluminum exposure group showed a downward trend with the increase of alumi-num exposure dose,indicating that the learning and memory ability of the offspring rats in the aluminum exposure group was impaired.Compared with the control group,the NGF protein content and NGF mRNA expression in the hippocam-pus of offspring rats in the aluminum exposure group were significantly decreased.Conclusion:Subchronic aluminum exposure down-regulates the expression of NGF in the hippocampus,which may cause learning and memory impairment in offspring rats.

Objective:To investigate the functional characteristics of the prefrontal cortex in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) during resting state and analyze its association with clinical symptoms.Methods:Twenty-eight hospitalized patients with SCZ (SCZ group) were selected from November 2023 to May 2024, and 28 healthy controls (HC group) were recruited concurrently. By using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technology, data on the concentration changes of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR) in the prefrontal cortex during resting state were collected from all subjects to measure cortical hemodynamic activity. Regional activation values and functional connectivity (FC) values among brain areas were analyzed. Clinical symptoms in patients were assessed using the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS).SPSS 25.0 software was employed for statistical analysis. Between-group comparisons were performed using independent samples t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests. Spearman correlation analysis and general linear regression models were applied to examine relationships between prefrontal cortical functional characteristics and clinical symptoms. Results:The levels of HbO in the right inferior frontal gyrus and left frontal pole area were significantly higher in the SCZ group (1.5 (1.0, 3.0)μmol/L, 1.0 (1.0, 2.8)μmol/L) than those in the HC group (-0.01 (-0.05, 0.02)μmol/L, -0.02 (-0.07, 0.03)μmol/L) ( Z=-6.46, -6.50, both P<0.01). The levels of HbR in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were significantly higher in the SCZ group (0.02 (-0.01, 0.07)μmol/L, 0.01 (-0.01, 0.03)μmol/L) than those in the HC group (-0.01 (-0.03, 0.01)μmol/L, -0.01 (-0.02, 0.01)μmol/L) ( Z=-2.46, -1.98, both P<0.05).The SCZ group showed significantly higher HbO-based FC values in the frontal pole-temporal pole (0.49±0.21) and temporal pole-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (0.36±0.25) compared to the HC group (0.33±0.18, 0.15±0.19) ( t=3.02, 3.44, both P<0.01). Conversely, the SCZ group exhibited significantly lower HbR-based FC in the frontal pole-inferior frontal gyrus (0.15±0.13) and inferior frontal gyrus-temporal pole (0.27±0.37) compared to the HC group (0.33±0.26, 0.77±0.48) ( t=-3.17, -4.23, both P<0.01). Correlation analysis revealed that in the SCZ group, the level of HbO in the right inferior frontal gyrus was positively correlated with negative symptoms, positive symptoms, excitement/hostility, and PANSS total score ( r=0.45-0.64, all P<0.05), and the level of HbO in the left frontal pole area was positively correlated with excitement/hostility and PANSS total score ( r=0.57, 0.50, both P<0.01), while the FC value between the frontal pole and temporal pole areas showed a negative correlation with excitement/hostility ( r=-0.39, P<0.05). Regression analysis demonstrated that, the HbO concentration in the right inferior frontal gyrus significantly positively predicted PANSS total score, positive symptoms, and negative symptoms ( β=0.70, 0.64, 0.55, all P<0.01).The HbO concentration in the left frontal pole area significantly positively predicted excitement/hostility ( β=0.77, P<0.01).The frontal pole-temporal pole HbO-based FC significantly negatively predicted excitement/hostility scores ( β=-0.42, P<0.01). Conclusion:Patients with SCZ exhibit hyperactivation of localized prefrontal cortex brain regions and dysfunction of functional connectivity during resting state, which are significantly associated with core clinical symptoms including positive, negative, and excitement/hostility symptoms.