BACKGROUND:Cardiac dysfunction due to spinal cord injury is an important factor of death in patients with spinal cord injury;however,the specific mechanism is still not clear.Therefore,revealing the mechanism of cardiac dysfunction in spinal cord injury patients is of great significance to improve their quality of life and survival rate. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanism of luteolin in improving serum-induced myocardial cell death in spinal cord injury rats. METHODS:Allen's impact instrument was used to damage the spine T9-T11 of male SD rats to establish a spinal cord injury model meanwhile a sham operation group was set as the control group.The serum of rats of each group was collected.H9c2 cells were divided into a blank control group,a sham operated rat serum group,a spinal cord injury rat serum group and a luteolin pretreatment group.The cells in blank control group were only cultured with ordinary culture medium.The cells in the sham operated rat serum group were treated with medium containing 10%serum from sham operated rat.The cells in the spinal cord injury rat serum group were treated with medium containing 10%serum from spinal cord injury rat.The cells in the luteolin pretreatment group were precultured with a final concentration of 20 μmol/L luteolin for 4 hours and then changed to a medium containing 10%rat serum from spinal cord injury rat.After 24 hours of culture,the survival rate of each group of H9c2 cells was measured by CCK-8 assay.Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of autophagy related protein LC3 and p62 in H9c2 cells in each group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the blank control group,there was no significant change in cell survival rate in the sham operated rat serum group(P>0.05).Compared with the sham operated rat serum group,the cell survival rate(P<0.01)and the expression of LC3 protein(P<0.05)in spinal cord injury rat serum group was significantly reduced,and the expression of p62 protein was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with the spinal cord injury rat serum group,the survival rate of cells in the luteolin pretreatment group significantly increased(P<0.000 1);the expression of LC3 protein significantly increased(P<0.05),and the expression of p62 protein significantly decreased(P<0.05).The results indicate that luteolin may improve myocardial cell death induced by serum from rats with spinal cord injury by promoting autophagy.

Objective To explore the effects of CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1(CDS1)on autophagy and amyloid deposition in hippocampal neurons of mice and the related mechanism.Methods Congo red and immunohistochemical staining were used to observe the amyloid deposition in hippocampus of amyloid precursor protein(APP)/presenilin 1(PS1)double-transgenic mice.Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of APP was induced in HT22 cells,and Congo red staining was used to observe the amyloid deposition in HT22 cells.The protein expression levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)-Ⅱ and P62 in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 double-transgenic mice and APP-overexpressed HT22 cells were detected by Western blotting.The differential protein CDS1 was screened based on the hippocampal proteomics results of APP/PS1 double-transgenic mice.The expression of CDS1 protein in hippocampal tissue of APP/PS1 transgenic mice and APP-overexpressed HT22 cells was detected by Western blotting.After lentivirus-mediated APP overexpression in HT22 cells,CDS1 was overexpressed,and the protein expression levels of LC3-Ⅱ and P62 were detected by Western blotting.Results β-amyloid protein(Aβ)was deposited in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice and in HT22 cells overexpressing APP.The levels of LC3-Ⅱ and P62 protein in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 double-transgenic mice and APP-overexpressed HT22 cells were significantly increased.A differential metabolic pathway,glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway,was screened by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis in the proteomic results of APP/PS1 double-transgenic mice,and the differential protein CDS1 was obtained.Compared with wild-type C57BL/6 mice,APP/PS1 double-transgenic mice exhibited a significantly decrease in CDS1 protein expression in the hippocampus(0.46±0.07 vs 1.00±0.25,P＜0.01).Similarly,lentivirus-mediated overexpression of APP in HT22 cells resulted in decreased CDS1 protein levels compared to cells infected with empty viral vector controls(0.68±0.18 vs 1.00±0.13,P＜0.01).The autophagy flow of nerve cells was significantly restored after the CDS1 overexpression in APP-overexpressed HT22 cells(LC3-Ⅱ:1.00±0.15 vs 0.21±0.05,P＜0.01;P62:1.00±0.16 vs 0.67±0.10,P＜0.01),and Aβ deposition was significantly decreased.Conclusion Downregulation of CDS1 expression can induce dysfusion of autophagosome and lysosome,promoting amyloid deposition in hippocampus of mice with Alzheimer's disease.

Objective:To evaluate the mid-term complication rates of the Hui-Jing one-stage procedure (lingual mucosa combined with longitudinal preputial island flap onlay urethroplasty + tubularized incised plate glansplasty)versus the classic Bracka staged surgery for children with severe hypospadias.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 75 children with proximal hypospadias who were treated at the Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from March 2017 to June 2022. Of these patients, 31 cases (15 cases penoscrotal type and 16 cases perineal type) were underwent the Bracka two-stage surgery with a median age of 38 months (24.0, 44.5) and 44 cases underwent the Hui-Jing one-stage procedure (23 cases penoscrotal type and 21 perineal type) with a median age of 40.5 months (20.75, 90.5). The length of urethral plate defect after correction of penile curvature was (4.30±0.84)cm in the Bracka group and (4.56±0.79)cm in the Hui-Jing group, which also showed no significant difference.There was no statistically significant difference of the median age and the position of preoperative urethral opening between the two groups( P=0.47, P=0.74). The first stage of Bracka repair consists of orthoplasty and urethral bed substitution with free preputial graft. After 6 months, the urethral plate created from free graft was tabularized to form neourethra; Hui-Jing procedure group used the free lingual mucosal as urethral plate substitution, then we conducted longitudinal preputial island flap Onlay and Snodgrass phalloplasty. The incidence of postoperative urethral fistula, urethral stricture and urethral diverticulum was compared between the two groups of cases and the difference in efficacy between the two procedures was assessed. Results:Among the 75 patients included in the study, there was no statistically significant difference in age or location of urethral meatus between the Bracka and Hui-Jing groups. In Bracka group, 9 cases of urethral stricture (29.0%), 6 case of urethral fistula (19.4%), and 2 cases of urethral diverticulum (6.5%) occurred after surgery, while 12 cases of urethral fistula (27.3%) and 3 case of urethral fistula (6.8%) occurred in the Hui-Jing group. No urethral stricture occurred in Hui-Jing group. There was no statistically significant difference in overall incidence of complications between the two groups [17/31(54.8%) vs.15/44(34.1%), P=0.12]. The incidence of urethral fistula and urethral diverticulum show no significant differences between two groups(19.4% vs 27.3, P=0.61, 6.5% vs. 6.8%, P=0.13). The number of operation in Bracka group was (2.68±1.03) and the hospitalization cost was (12 984.63±3 808.15) Yuan, while the number of operation in Hui-Jing group was (1.36±0.53) and the hospitalization cost was (8 490.54±3 136.84) Yuan. Conclusions:The Hui-Jing one-stage procedure can be used for the surgical treatment of children with severe hypospadias. There is no urethral stricture happened in Hui-Jing group, while the general complication incidence and incidence of urethral fistula and diverticulum show no differences.

Objective:To compare liver adhesive suspension method and V-shaped liver suspension of anterior abdominal wall in laparoscopic radical gastrectomy.Methods:This study retrospectively evaluated 115 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy from Jan 2018 to Dec 2019 at Shanxi Provincial People′s Hospital, 59 cases were under liver adhesive suspension (study group) and 56 cases under V-shaped liver suspension of anterior abdominal wall (control group). Intraoperative and postoperative conditions were observed and compared between the two groups.Results:All the 115 cases successfully completed surgery. The liver suspension time in study group was (2.4±0.5)min, which was significantly shorter than that of the control group((12.5±2.6) min)( t=-28.100, P<0.01). The total operation time in was (284±69) min and (307±78) min, respectively, ( t=-1.656, P=0.10). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in preoperative ALT, AST, total bilirubin, intraoperative incidence of hepatic lacerations and subcapsular hematoma, postoperative total bilirubin level, AST on the day 7 postoperatively, tumor location, TNM staging, surgical method, postoperative duration of hospital stay, and VAS score ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Both methods of liver suspension are safe and feasible in laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer.Compared with V-shaped liver suspension of anterior abdominal wall, liver adhesive suspension has the advantages of less invasive, safe, and time-saving.

Objective:To investigate the effect of self fixing mesh with " Y-shaped" placement in laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair of female inguinal hernia.Methods:From February 2019 to September 2020, a total of 40 female patients who underwent TAPP (Keyhole method) in Shaanxi Provincial People′s Hospital were researched.Random number table method was used.According to different patch placement methods, the patients were divided into the self fixing mesh with " Y-shaped" placement group (21 cases) and with normal placement group (19 cases). The operative time, placement time, length of stay, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), postoperative complication were compared between two groups.Results:All 40 patients completed TAPP, and all patients were followed up successfully, with a median follow-up time of 12.5 months.The operation time and patch placement time were (54.9±9.0) min and (10.8±2.5) min in the Y-shaped placement method group and (62.8±11.2) min and (20.3±3.5) min in the conventional placement method group, respectively; the differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( t=2.490, P=0.017; t=.925, P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in length of stay, VAS score 1 day after surgery and postoperative complications(all P>0.05). Conclusion:In laparoscopic female inguinal hernia repair (keyhole method), the " Y" shape placement method can effectively shorten the time of self fixing patch placement, thus shorten the operation time, and does not increase the risk of complications.

Objective:To discuss the efficacy of robotic-assisted laparoscopic hemi-nephrectomy for the treatment of complete duplex kidney.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of the 20 patients who had robotic-assisted laparoscopic hemi-nephrectomy surgery from March 2017 to November 2019. Four of these patients were male, while the others were female.The average age of these patients was 28.6 months, ranged from 1-2 months.The duplex kidneys were on the upper pole, 9 on the left side, and l1 on the right side. All the patients had a history of gradual exacerbations of hydronephrosis before surgery. The most commonly seen symptoms were lumbar/abdominal pain(2 cases), dysuresia(1 case) and leakage of urine(1 case). Twelve patients had a history of repeated urinary tract infections. One patient expressed the cystic mass of the urethra protruded from the external orifice. Preoperative diagnosis was confirmed by magnetic resonance urinary water imaging (MRU), diuretic renal dynamic imaging(ECT), intravenous pyelography(IVP), and voiding cystoureterography(VCUG). Two cases were of ectopic urete, 4 of ureterocele and 4 of vesieoureteral reflux(VUR). All the patients underwent hemi-nephrectomy for the treatment of complete duplex kidney. Then we observed the intraoperative and postoperative complications and follow-ups.Results:A11 the cases performed by robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery transperitoneally were completed successfully.There was no significant complication during the surgery with quick recovery after the surgery.The mean operative time was 109.5min(range 82-150 min). The mean estimated blood loss was about 9 ml (range 5-22 ml). Routinely placing a peripelvic catheter drainage was recommended. The mean hospital stay was 5.9 days(range 4-8 days). One patient was lost to follow-up.Mean follow-up was 13.6 months (range 3 -30 months). The results of the re-examination of ECT did not indicate loss or atrophy of lower renal function 3 months after operation. Primary symptoms improved.Conclusions:Robotic-assisted laparoscopic hemi-nephrectomy for hydronephrosis with duplex kidney could be minimal invasive and effective, and has achieved similar results with cosmetic scar .

Objective:To evaluate the safety and feasibility of robotic-assisted laparoscopic resection of bladder rhabdomyosarcoma.Methods:A retrospective study was performed in 4 children underwent robotic-assisted surgery for bladder rhabdomyosarcoma from July 2018 to September 2019 in our hospital. The perioperative information and short time outcomes were collected. All the four patients were male. The average age of these patients was 68 months (from 11 to 122 months). After cystoscopy biopsy was conducted, preoperative chemotherapy was carried out. Preoperative radiotherapy was also added depends on the tumor response, then robotic-assisted surgery was performed. Radical cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder reconstruction with bilateral ureter reimplanataion were carried out for the bladder was widely occupied case. Bladder preserving surgery was performed for the other three localized cases.Results:All of the four operations have been conducted successfully without conservation to open surgery. The mean operative time was 189(104-316) min while the mean estimated blood loss was 32.5(20-50) ml. The mean tumor diameter was 4.48(2.7-6.0)cm. According to the pathological results, all of the four cases were diagnosed as embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. One case had positive margin while other three cases had negative margins. No complication more than Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅲ was observed. The mean length of hospital stay was 18(14-24)days and the mean follow-up time was 14.7(7-21) months. Postoperative chemotherapy was carried out according to the protocol of IRS low risk group for all cases (VAC, eight cycles). Postoperative radiotherapy was conducted for the case with positive margin. No recurrence was recorded during the follow-up period.Conclusions:Robotic-assisted laparoscopic technique for the treatment of bladder rhabdomyosarcoma in children is safe and feasible.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of robotic-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (RALP) in infant ureteropelvic junction obstruction.Methods Of 31 infants who underwent RALP between March 2017 and August 2017 were reviewed,including 25 boys and 6 girls.22 infants were found that the hydronephrosis was in the left kidney and 9 in the right kidney.The average age of the infants was (3.5 ± 0.7) months,ranged from 8 days to 6 months,including 7 infants less than 2 months.The average weight of the infants was (6.7 ± 1.2) kg,with a minimum weight of 3.3 kg.The diagnosis and outcomes of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) were reviewed on clinical and imaging data.The ultrasound showed that the mean anteroposterior diameter of hydronephrotic kidney was (4.01 ±0.56)cm.The split renal function was (37.1 ± 3.2) ％ in infants who were more than 2 months.Patients with proximal defect were positioned in the lateral flank position with 50°-70° inclination and as close as possible to the edge of operating table.The trocars of robotic lens and No.1 robotic arm were placed on the middle of the umbilicus and the Pfannenstiel line respectively,and the trocar of No.2 robotic arm was placed on the supraumbilical symmetry point of the trocar No.1 robotic arm,and the auxiliary trocar was placed on the Pfannenstiel line outside the 3-4 cm of healthy side of the trocar of No.1 robotic arm.During operation,the ureteropelvic junction was dissected and tailored.Then the ureter was open longitudinally at the posterior lateral side and was anastomosed at the lowest part the renal pelvis.We assessed preoperative clinical data and outcomes,and analyzed the transition experience.Data are expressed as medians for continuous variables.Results All operations were successful with no serious intraoperative complication and traditional laparoscopic or open surgical conversion.The average operative time was 108 min,the average intraoperative blood loss was 9.5 ml.The average drain removal was 1.2 days,the average start oral of feeding was 3.2 hours days and the average postoperative hospital stay was 6.2 days.Postoperative pathological results showed smooth muscle hyperplasia,hypertrophy and fibrous tissue in the urothelium,accompanied by chronic inflammation of urothelial mucosa.Patients with Clavien Ⅰ and Ⅱ complications 22.6％ (7/31) postoperatively were managed conservatively.Among them,there were 1 cases of flank pain,1 cases of hematuria,2 cases of urinary leakage,and 3 cases of urinary tract infection.Patients' symptoms disappeared by conservative treatment.No patient suffered Clavien Ⅲ and Ⅳ complication postoperatively.The renal pelvis anteroposterior diameter was 1.58 cm at three months postoperatively,which was significantly smaller than that of peroperation (P ＜ 0.05).A diuretic T1/2 showed the improvement of split renal function without urinary obstruction in all patients at three months postoperatively.The postoperative split renal function was (39.2 ± 3.5) ％,which was slightly higher than that of preoperation (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Severe hydronephrosis in neonates can be acted as an indication for exploratory surgery when the surgeon's ability,anesthesia,monitoring and management conditions are available.Robotic-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty is a safe and feasible option for the treatment of UPJO in infant with less trauma,rapid recovery and good cosmetic result.We suggest that RALP is potentially a recommended feasible treatment option for infant with UPJO.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of robot-assisted laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation (RAUR) for primary obstructive megaureter (POM) in children. Methods: Twenty-one patients who underwent RAUR for POM in Bayi Children’s Hospital between 2017 April and 2018 April were retrospectively analyzed. The study population consisted of 15 boys and 6 girls aged between 2 months and 11 years. Ten patients had left POMs, 9 had right POMs and two had bilateral POMs. All patients were preoperatively diagnosed with a POM based on urinary system ultrasonography, magnetic resonance urography, and diuretic renal dynamic imaging. Our main technique key steps include: Under general anesthesia, the patients were placed in a Trendelenburg position approximately 40 degrees from the horizon. An 8.5-mm camera port was placed at the level of the umbilicus. Followed by two 5-mm robotic Trocars placed under direct vision 6 cm to the camera port separately, a 5-mm assistant port was placed on the right upper abdominal quadrants which was located 3 cm from the camera and robotic port. The ureter was identified at the pelvic brim. The peritoneum covering the ureter was incised and the ureter was mobilized to the level of the vesico-ureteric junction. The bladder was filled with 60 ml saline and a 5 cm length and 1.5 cm wide submucosal detrusor tunnel was created. The ureter was transected at the bladder mucosa and the narrowed ureteral segment was discarded. The ureteroneocystostomy was performed using 6-0 absorbable suture. Dissecting the perivesical fascia appropriately and using down-top suturing approach, use of an apical stay stitch, and incorporation of the ureteral adventitia during detrusorraphy. Postoperative complications were analysed using the Clavien-Dindo classification. Success was defined as symptomatic relief, decreased hydronephrosis on ultrasound and no evidence of vesicoureteral reflux on voiding cystourethrography. Results: All surgeries were successfully completed without conversion and no intra-operative complication was encountered. The mean operative time was 117.6±18.1(89-165)min, the mean estimated blood loss was 11.9±4.3(5-25)ml, the abdominal drainage tubes were removed after a mean of 4.9±1.1(3-8)days, and the mean postoperative hospital stay was 6.3±1.3(4-10) days. Postoperative complications (Clavien Ⅰ-Ⅱ) occurred in 9.5% (two patients had recurrent urinary tract infections postoperatively) children, no grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ complication was observed. The pre-operative symptoms in all patients disappeared. One patient had grade Ⅱ VUR on VCUG, who were followed conservatively. Ultrasound at postoperative follow-up showed that the hydronephrosis was disappeared in 20 ureters and significantly decreased in 3 ureters. The success rate was 95.7% at a mean follow-up of 16.3±4.0(10-23)months. Conclusion RAUR is a safe and feasible option for the treatment of POM in children with higher success rate and lower complication rate.

Objective: To explore urinary NAG, Cr, MA, α1-MG andβ2-MG as the early renal damage index in children hydronephrosis. Methods: The clinical data of 206 patients in the Bayi Children′s Hospital Affiliated to the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from May 2018 to January 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, 152 children with hydronephrosis were set as observation group, 54 children without hydronephrosis were set as control group. In the observation group, the age ranged from 1 month to 18 years old, and the median age was 2 years old. There were 123 cases of hydronephrosis caused by ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) and 29 cases of posterior urethral valve complicated with hydronephrosis. In the control group, the age ranged from 1 month to 15 years old, with a median age of 5 years. There were 18 hypospadias cases, 15 occult penis cases and 21 phimosis. All children with hydronephrosis underwent nuclear medicine renal dynamic imaging. Urine specimens were tested for urinary NAG, Cr, MA, α1-MG, and β2-MG. According to renal dynamic results, the observed components were the renal function injury group and the normal renal function group. The above indicators analyzed to judge the clinical value to find the early renal damage. Results: The expression levels of urinary NAG, MA, α1-MG and β2-MG in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant. The expression of urinary Cr and the abnormal rate were no significant difference between any two groups(P=0.647, P=0.572). The expression levels of urinary NAG, MA, α1-MG and β2-MG were not significantly different between the normal renal hydronephrosis group and the renal function impairment group (P=0.365, P=0.448, P=0.379, P=0.338). The abnormal expression rate of Urine MA and β2-MG was not statistically significant in the patients with normal renal hydronephrosis and the renal function impairment group (P=0.436, P=0.478). MA got the highest sensitivity of (58.8%), and NAG had the highest specificity of 89.3% to detect early renal demage. Four indexes combined analysis, sensitivity, negative predictive rate, diagnostic coincidence rate improved obviously. Joint analysis of posterior urethral valves combined with hydronephrosis, the abnormal rate was 89.7%(26/29). The renal dysfunction of the posterior urethral valve showed that the renal dynamics dysfunction rate was only 37.9%(11/29). Conclusions The combined analysis of urinary NAG, MA, α1-MG and β2-MG can accurately predict early renal injury. The index of early renal loss may be the early evidence to judge whether the posterior urethral valve is complicated with upper urinary tract function injury.