Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of Oncomelania hupensis snails in Yunnan Province fol-lowing interruption of schistosomiasis transmission, so as to provide the evidence for assessing the risk of schistosomiasis transmission and scientifically formulating the schistosomiasis surveillance program. Methods According to the requirements of the National Schistosomiasis Surveillance Scheme (2020 Edition), O. hupensis snail surveillance data were collected from 18 schistosomiasis-endemic counties (cities, districts) in Yunnan Province from 2020 to 2024, including area of snail survey, area of snail habitats, area of re-emerging snail habitats, number of frames surveyed, number of frames with O. hupensis snails, number of O. hupensis snails captured, and number of living snails, and the occurrence of frames with snails and mean density of living snails were calculated. Changes in snail status over the 5-year period from 2020 to 2024 and the differences in snail distributions specified by epidemic intensity, environmental type, and vegetation type were analyzed. Results The areas of snail survey increased from 1 727.96 hm² in 2020 to 3 894.45 hm² in 2024 (peak) across 18 schistosomiasis-endemic counties (cities, districts) in Yunnan Province during the period from 2020 through 2024. The areas of snail habitats increased from 70.36 hm² in 2020 to a peak in 2023 (172.04 hm²), followed by a reduction to 132.36 hm² in 2024, and the areas of re-emerging snail habitats increased from 42.71 hm² in 2020 to a peak in 2022 (78.43 hm²), followed by a reduction to 40.21 hm² in 2024. The occurrence of frames with snails and mean density of living snails increased from 1.24% (3 025/244 404) and (0.033 2 ± 0.038 7) snails/0.1 m² in 2020 to peaks at 2.03% (6 231/307 563) and (0.066 9 ± 0.068 4) snails/0.1 m² in 2023, followed by reductions to 1.04% (5 829/559 941) and (0.032 6 ± 0.057 7) snails/0.1 m² in 2024, respectively. There was a significant difference in the occurrence of frames with snails over the 5-year study period (χ² = 1 962.95, P < 0.05), and the occurrence of frames with snails reduced by 48.71% in 2024 relative to in 2023 (χ² = 1 411.05, P < 0.005); however, there was no significant difference in the mean density of living snails over the 5 years (H = 5.310, P > 0.05). There were significant differences in the occurrence of frames with snails (χ² = 481.27, P < 0.05) and mean density of living snails (H = 6.872, P < 0.05) in schistosomiasis-endemic areas with different epidemic intensities. The occurrence of frames with snails (χ² = 25.32 and 38.70, both P values < 0.017) and mean density of living snails (Z = 28.55 and 49.96, both P values < 0.017) were higher in schistosomiasis transmission-interrupted and eliminated areas with snails than in schistosomiasis-eliminated areas without snails, and the occurrence of frames with snails (χ² = 453.54, P < 0.017) and mean density of living snails (Z = −56.97, P < 0.017) were higher in schistosomiasis-eliminated areas with snails than in schistosomiasis transmission-interrupted areas with snails. O. hupensis snails were mainly distributed in paddy fields, dry farmlands and ditches; however, the occurrence of frames with snails (13.40%, 424/3 164) and mean density of living snails [(0.252 8 ± 0.158 7) snails/0.1 m²] were higher in ponds/weirs than in other types of environments (both P values < 0.05). Rice, dry farmland crops and weeds were main vegetations in which O. hupensis snails were distributed, and the occurrence of frames with snails (2.29%, 7 111/310 140) and mean density of living snails [(0.072 3 ± 0.018 9) snails/0.1 m²] were higher in weeds than in other types of environments (both P values < 0.05). Conclusions O. hupensis snails have been effectively controlled in Yunnan Province following implementation of integrated schistosomiasis control measures; however, there are still risk factors for schistosomiasis transmission, including reduced attention to schistosomiasis control and snail re-emergence. Improved control efforts and surveillance system construction and timely identification of risk factors of snail status and timely management are recommended to ensure the achievement of the target of schistosomiasis elimination as scheduled.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infections in wild murines in schistosomiasisendemic areas of Yunnan Province, so as to provide the evidence for improving the schistosomiasis surveillance and early warning capability and implementing precise interventions in the province. Methods A total of 56 natural villages were sampled from 14 schistosomiasis-endemic counties (cities, districts) in Yunnan Province as surveillance sites from 2024 to 2025. Wild murines were captured using traps at night and characterized for species. Liver samples were collected from wild murines, S. japonicum eggs and miracidia were simultaneously detected using liver tissue compression microscopy, liver tissue homogenate microscopy, and liver tissue homogenate hatching. In addition, stool samples were collected from wild murine rectum, with S. japonicum eggs detected using a modified Kato-Katz thick smear technique and S. japonicum miracidia detected using the hatching test with nylon gauzes. Results A total of 15 577 valid murine traps were recovered, and 891 wild murines belonging to 16 species were captured, with a capture rate of 5.72%(891/15 577). The captured wild murines were predominantly districted in paddy fields, dry lands, ditches, ponds and marshlands, with Apodemus chevrieri, Rattus norvegicus, Crocidura attenuata, R. rattus sladeni, R. flavipectus, and Eothenomys miletus as dominant species. No S. japonicum eggs or miradicia were in laboratory; however, other parasites were identified in 25 wild murines. The prevalence rates of Schistosoma sinensis, Capillaria hepatica and Hymenolepis nana were 2.24% (20/891), 0.90% (8/891) and 0.56% (5/891), and the prevalence of S. sinensis and C. hepatica co-infection was 0.90% (8/891), respectively. Conclusions S. sinensis, C. hepatica and H. nana are predominant parasite species in wild murines in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of Yunan Province. No S. japonicum infection was detected during the study period; however, there is still a risk of wild murines as a potential source of infection for schistosomiasis transmission. Continuous intensified surveillance of S. japonicum infections in wild murines is a critical programme in schistosomiasis surveillance and early warning in Yunnan Province.

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Objective To analyze the characteristic influencing factors for enlarged perivascular spaces(EPVS)in different regions of acute ischemic stroke(AIS)patients and explore their un-derlying pathogenesis.Methods A total of 172 AIS patients admitted to our department from September 2020 to September 2023 were consecutively enrolled.According to the distribution of EPVS,they were divided into basal ganglia EPVS group(n=103)and non-basal ganglia EPVS group(n=69),as well as centrum semiovale EPVS group(n=77)and non-centrum semiovale EPVS group(n=95).General information,NIHSS score at onset,TOAST classification,fasting blood glucose,liver function,coagulation function,and homocysteine(Hcy)level were collected in all the patients.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent influen-cing factors for EPVS in different regions.Results The basal ganglia EPVS group had significant-ly advanced age and larger proportion of hypertension than the non-basal ganglia EPVS group,while the centrum semiovale EPVS group had smaller proportion of hyperhomocysteinemia,and larger ratios of smoking and alcohol consumption,higher alanine aminotransferase(ALT)level,and longer thrombin time than the non-centrum semiovale EPVS group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Mul-tivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension(OR=2.093,95％CI:1.045-4.192,P=0.037)and age(OR=1.071,95％CI:1.016-1.130,P=0.011)were independent influ-encing factors for basal ganglia EPVS,while alcohol consumption(OR=2.418,95％CI:1.097-5.330,P=0.029)and thrombin time(OR=1.593,95％CI:1.129-2.249,P=0.008)were inde-pendent influencing factors for centrum semiovale EPVS.Conclusion EPVS in different regions of AIS patients are associated with distinct risk factors.Age and hypertension are primary influen-cing factors for basal ganglia EPVS,while alcohol consumption and prolonged thrombin time are significant factors for centrum semiovale EPVS.

This study reported two cases of distal 18q deletions identified through non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). Case 1 harbored a de novo 20.4 Mb deletion of 46, XY, del(18) (q21.32q23), classified as pathogenic according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines. Follow-up at five years of age revealed global developmental delay, congenital heart disease, and distinct facial features. Case 2 had a 5.71 Mb paternal-origin deletion of 46,XX,del(18)(q22.1q22.2), with only mild tricuspid regurgitation detected at eight months of age. These phenotypic discrepancies demonstrated that the clinical manifestations of 18q deletion syndrome were closely associated with the size of the deleted segment and the involved critical genes. Therefore, individualized genetic counseling and long-term follow-up were necessary for the affected children.

In ground-based experiments,ultraviolet irradiation is used to charge simulated lunar dust,aiming to quantitatively study its charging and discharging behavior in space environments.However,due to factors such as vacuum and dust disturbances,the charging and discharging processes of lunar dust are difficult to measure accurately through contact methods.Therefore,this paper designs and constructs a non-contact,in-situ surface potential measurement system based on the principle of vibrating capacitance,suitable for vacuum environments.The system combines moving average and standard deviation methods for data filtering and introduces a weighted KNN algorithm to predict and compensate for missing or anomalous data,thereby improving measurement accuracy and stability.Two typical simulated lunar dust samples,TYII-2 and CLRS-1A,were selected for charging and discharging experiments under ultraviolet irradiation.The surface potential distribution was obtained in real-time using an in-situ motion mechanism equipped with a vibrating capacitance sensor.The results show significant differences in the charging response and dissipation characteristics of the samples with different particle size distributions.

Objective To develop the Children's Screen Interaction Quality Questionnaire(CSIQ)suit-able for measuring Chinese children aged 0 to 4 years,and to test its reliability and validity.Methods The purposive sampling method was used,and the guardians of 30 normal children aged 0 to 4 years undergoing physical examinations in the Department of Child Health Care of Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from February to April 2023 were selected as the interview objects.25 initial items were constructed through literature review,semi-structured interviews,and the Delphi expert consultation method.With the convenience sampling method,2 242 guardians of children aged 0 to 4 years old in the small and middle classes of 9 kindergartens in Guiyang City,Zunyi City,and Renhuai City were surveyed for item analysis,exploratory factor analysis,confirmatory factor analysis,and reliability and validity analysis.Results Exploratory factor a-nalysis extracted three factors,namely screen content interaction,reality interaction,and media interaction,with a total of 12 items.The cumulative variance explained rate of the 3-factor model was 69.829％.Confirma-tory factor analysis supported the three-factor model of CSIQ:x2/df=4.424,root mean square error of ap-proximation(RMSEA)=0.066,normed fit index(NFI)=0.955,comparative fit index(CFI)=0.965,incre-mental fit index(IFI)=0.965,Tucker-Lewis index(TLI)=0.955,goodness-of-fit index(GFI)=0.955,and the CSIQ had good convergent validity and discriminant validity.Conclusion The CSIQ has good reliability and validity.

Objective To analyze the characteristic influencing factors for enlarged perivascular spaces(EPVS)in different regions of acute ischemic stroke(AIS)patients and explore their un-derlying pathogenesis.Methods A total of 172 AIS patients admitted to our department from September 2020 to September 2023 were consecutively enrolled.According to the distribution of EPVS,they were divided into basal ganglia EPVS group(n=103)and non-basal ganglia EPVS group(n=69),as well as centrum semiovale EPVS group(n=77)and non-centrum semiovale EPVS group(n=95).General information,NIHSS score at onset,TOAST classification,fasting blood glucose,liver function,coagulation function,and homocysteine(Hcy)level were collected in all the patients.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent influen-cing factors for EPVS in different regions.Results The basal ganglia EPVS group had significant-ly advanced age and larger proportion of hypertension than the non-basal ganglia EPVS group,while the centrum semiovale EPVS group had smaller proportion of hyperhomocysteinemia,and larger ratios of smoking and alcohol consumption,higher alanine aminotransferase(ALT)level,and longer thrombin time than the non-centrum semiovale EPVS group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Mul-tivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension(OR=2.093,95％CI:1.045-4.192,P=0.037)and age(OR=1.071,95％CI:1.016-1.130,P=0.011)were independent influ-encing factors for basal ganglia EPVS,while alcohol consumption(OR=2.418,95％CI:1.097-5.330,P=0.029)and thrombin time(OR=1.593,95％CI:1.129-2.249,P=0.008)were inde-pendent influencing factors for centrum semiovale EPVS.Conclusion EPVS in different regions of AIS patients are associated with distinct risk factors.Age and hypertension are primary influen-cing factors for basal ganglia EPVS,while alcohol consumption and prolonged thrombin time are significant factors for centrum semiovale EPVS.

This study reported two cases of distal 18q deletions identified through non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). Case 1 harbored a de novo 20.4 Mb deletion of 46, XY, del(18) (q21.32q23), classified as pathogenic according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines. Follow-up at five years of age revealed global developmental delay, congenital heart disease, and distinct facial features. Case 2 had a 5.71 Mb paternal-origin deletion of 46,XX,del(18)(q22.1q22.2), with only mild tricuspid regurgitation detected at eight months of age. These phenotypic discrepancies demonstrated that the clinical manifestations of 18q deletion syndrome were closely associated with the size of the deleted segment and the involved critical genes. Therefore, individualized genetic counseling and long-term follow-up were necessary for the affected children.

Abstract: To investigate the in vitro release, in vivo pharmacokinetics, and the in vitro-in vivo correlation of progesterone suspension injection, self-made progesterone suspension injection was taken as an example. The in vitro release curves of three different particle sizes of progesterone suspension injections were measured using paddle method and dialysis bag method. The in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics of self-made progesterone suspension injection was studied on SD rats. The plasma concentration of self-made progesterone preparation was detected after intramuscular injection, and correlated with the in vitro release profiles obtained by the dialysis bag method after processing by Wagner-Nelson method. The results showed that when the in vitro release of three different particle sizes of progesterone suspension injections was measured by the paddle method, more than 85% was rapidly released within 20 min, while 85% cumulative release was reached at 40 h, 84 h and 120 h by dialysis bag method, respectively. The release rate obtained by the dialysis bag method was basically consistent with the in vivo release trend, with a correlation coefficient of >0.95, indicating a strong in vivo and in vitro correlation. This study provides some reference for the establishment of the in vitro and in vivo correlation of long-acting suspension injection.