In the context of the rapid development of 5G technology， the development of artificial intelligence （AI） in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） faces new opportunities and challenges. Focusing on how to uphold tradition while innovating in the development of AI in TCM， starting from the current development status of AI in Chinese medicine， including the integration of four diagnostic methods， syndrome differentiation and treatment， auxiliary diagnosis and treatment， research and development of Chinese herbal medicine， prevention and treatment of diseases， knowledge inheritance， and other aspects， this paper discussed the support of policies and technical advancements， as well as development opportunities such as increased demand for health. Regarding machine ethics， data ethics， regulatory review， and other aspects， it also proposed some suggestions that the training algorithm should be improved to assist medical work； data ownership should be clarified to ensure data security； and an AI ethics committee should be set up to improve the review system， aiming to maximize the advantages of smart healthcare and accelerate the modernization of TCM for the benefit of patients and the service of human health.

Objective: To analyze epidemiological trends and changing characteristics of syphilis among students in Yunnan Province from 2005 to 2023, so as to provide evidence for the comprehensive prevention and control of syphilis in schools. Methods: The case data of syphilis among students in Yunnan Province from 2005 to 2023 were obtained from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The Joinpoint regression model was used to conduct a time trend analysis of the reported incidence rate of syphilis. Results: From 2005 to 2023, a cumulative total of 3 191 cases of syphilis were reported in schools in Yunnan Province(1 248 male cases and 1 943 female cases). The reported incidence rate rose continuously from 0.17/100 000 in 2005 to 8.26/100 000 in 2023, with an average annual percent change (AAPC) of 24.89%( Z =13.18, P <0.01). The reported incidence rate was higher in female students than in male students ( χ 2=229.48, P <0.05). The incidence rates in the primary school, junior high school, senior high school and higher education were 0.21/100 000, 2.42/100 000, 4.45/100 000 and 6.29/100 000 respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=3 432.84, P <0.05). The average annual growth rate was the highest in the junior high school stage(AAPC= 30.68% , Z =7.57, P <0.05),followed by the senior high school stage (AAPC=24.28%, Z = 5.70 , P <0.05).The reported incidence rate of primary and secondary syphilis increased from 0.12/100 000 in 2005 to 2.06/ 100 000 in 2023, with an AAPC of 16.86% ( Z = 4.57, P <0.05). Conclusions The overall reported incidence rate of syphilis among students in schools in Yunnan Province shows a sustained upward trend, with the most rapid annual increase observed in junior high schools. Schools should prioritize syphilis education and expand awareness campaigns to curb transmission.

Natural products (NPs) have long held a significant position in various fields such as medicine, food, agriculture, and materials. The chemical space covered by NPs is extensive but often underexplored. Therefore, high-throughput and efficient methodologies for the annotation and discovery of NPs are desired to address the complexity and diversity of NP-based systems. Mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a powerful platform for the annotation and discovery of NPs. MS databases provide vital support for the structural characterization of NPs by integrating extensive mass spectral data and sample information. Additionally, the released annotation methodologies, based on a variety of informatics tools, continuously improve the ability to annotate the structure and properties of compounds. This review examines the current mainstream databases and annotation methodologies, focusing on their advantages and limitations. Prospects for future technological advancements are then discussed in terms of novel applications and research objectives. Through a systematic overview, this review aims to provide valuable insights and a reference for MS-based NPs annotation, thereby promoting the discovery of novel natural entities.
Biological Products/chemistry* ; Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Databases, Factual ; Drug Discovery/methods* ; Humans

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of clustered vomiting and diarrhea outbreaks in Minhang District of Shanghai, to identify the influencing factors of outbreak scale and duration of epidemic, and to provide scientific evidence for further strengthening surveillance early-warning efforts in key settings and for optimizing prevention and control measures. MethodsThe data for describing epidemiological characteristics of clustered vomitting and diarrhea outbreaks in Minhang District from 2018 to 2023 were collected, multivariable logistic regression models were applied to analyze the influencing factors for epidemic scale,and Spearman rank correlation analyses were applied to analyze the factors duration. ResultsA total of 136 clustered vomiting and diarrhea outbreaks were reported in Minhang District from 2018 to 2023, all occurring in school settings, with an overall attack rate of 0.90%. The outbreaks exhibited distinct seasonality, predominantly occurring from October to December (43.38%) and March to May (32.35%). The primary settings were preschools (45.59%) and elementary schools (44.12%), with students accounted for the majority of cases (99.48%). The predominant clinical manifestation was vomiting (90.44%), with person-to-person contact being the primary transmission route (98.53%). Norovirus genogroup Ⅱ was identified as the main pathogen (71.32%). Standardized terminal disinfection of outbreak sites (OR=0.39, 95%CI=0.20‒0.74) and effective isolation of affected classes (OR=0.23, 95%CI=0.09‒0.57) were significant protective factors for reducing outbreak scale. Both response time (r=0.64, P<0.001) and the number of case generations (r=0.71, P<0.001) showed positive correlations with outbreak duration. ConclusionSchools are the key settings for the prevention and control of clustered vomiting and diarrhea outbreaks in Minhang District, with peak occurring in autumn and spring. Early detection, timely reporting, and prompt response to outbreaks are crucial. Strengthening school-based surveillance systems and standardizing outbreak management protocols are of particular importance.

Objective: To understand the association between beverage and snack intake and insufficient serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] among primary and secondary school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for targeted intervention measures. Methods: From October to December 2021, a stratified random sampling method was used to select 2 477 primary and secondary school students aged 8 to 15 years old from 9 counties in Yunnan Province implemented the Nutrition Improvement Plan for Rural Compulsory Education Students. The intake of beverages and snacks was investigated using the Rural Student Nutrition Monitoring Questionnaire from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The snack intake intensity was calculated and classified into no intake, extremely low, low, medium, and high intensity. Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured in the laboratory, and levels <20 ng/mL were defined as insufficient. Chi square tests, LASSO regression, random forest and binary Logistic regression were used to analyze the association between 20 types of beverages and snacks and serum 25(OH)D insufficiency. Results: Insufficient serum 25(OH)D was detected in 564 boys (45.9%) and 855 girls (68.5%), with a total of 1 419 cases (57.3%). Binary Logistic regression results showed that extremely low intake intensity of carbonated beverages ( OR =1.51), plant protein beverages ( OR =1.61), and milk tea beverages ( OR =1.39) increased the risk of insufficient serum 25(OH)D, while protective factors were fruits and vegetables ( OR =0.77) and pure milk and yogurt ( OR =0.74) (all P <0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that extremely low intake intensity of carbonated beverages, milk containing beverages, tea beverages, fruit and vegetable juices, and plant protein beverages increased the risk of insufficient serum 25(OH)D in girls ( OR =2.22, 1.72, 1.67, 1.74, 1.92), and high intake intensity increased the risk of insufficient serum 25(OH)D in boys ( OR =1.73, 1.48, 1.52, 1.49, 1.97) (all P <0.05). Extremely low intake intensity of carbonated beverages, plant protein beverages, and milk tea beverages in junior high school students ( OR =1.92, 2.54, 1.68) and low intake intensity in primary school students ( OR =1.40, 1.33, 1.45) increased the risk of insufficient serum 25(OH)D (all P <0.05). Conclusions Frequent intake of beverages and highly processed snacks increases the risk of insufficient serum 25(OH)D in primary and secondary school students, while natural foods such as fruits, vegetables, pure milk and yogurt can reduce the risk. Girls and junior high school students are more susceptible to these effects.

Objective To empirically analyze the status quo of high-quality development of public hospitals in S Province,provides reference for promoting high-quality development of public hospitals.Methods SPSS 26.0 soft-ware and text analysis method were used to process the high-quality development monitoring data of tertiary public hospitals in S Province,and the qualitative interview results obtained by field investigation were comprehensively ana-lyzed.Results In terms of capacity improvement,public hospitals actively take measures such as the construction of medical union and the reform of payment methods to improve their capacity.Specialized hospitals and maternity and child care hospitals need to be improved in some indicators.In terms of structural optimization,the quality of medi-cal services is high in all regions.The proportion of medical service revenue and the proportion of high-grade surgery still need to be increased.In terms of innovation and efficiency improvement,the application level of electronic medi-cal records has made remarkable progress in various regions.There are differences in the funding of scientific re-search projects.In terms of cultural cohesion,patient satisfaction was higher.There is improvement room in the satisfaction of medical staff.Conclusion Third-level public hospitals in S province have achieved certain results in high-quality de-velopment,but there are still problems,such as the need to further integrate party building work with hospital busi-ness work,the lack of connection between performance incentive and performance evaluation index system,and the need to improve the satisfaction of medical staff.It is necessary to solve the problem and improve the quality and efficiency of medical service.

Objective To empirically analyze the status quo of high-quality development of public hospitals in S Province,provides reference for promoting high-quality development of public hospitals.Methods SPSS 26.0 soft-ware and text analysis method were used to process the high-quality development monitoring data of tertiary public hospitals in S Province,and the qualitative interview results obtained by field investigation were comprehensively ana-lyzed.Results In terms of capacity improvement,public hospitals actively take measures such as the construction of medical union and the reform of payment methods to improve their capacity.Specialized hospitals and maternity and child care hospitals need to be improved in some indicators.In terms of structural optimization,the quality of medi-cal services is high in all regions.The proportion of medical service revenue and the proportion of high-grade surgery still need to be increased.In terms of innovation and efficiency improvement,the application level of electronic medi-cal records has made remarkable progress in various regions.There are differences in the funding of scientific re-search projects.In terms of cultural cohesion,patient satisfaction was higher.There is improvement room in the satisfaction of medical staff.Conclusion Third-level public hospitals in S province have achieved certain results in high-quality de-velopment,but there are still problems,such as the need to further integrate party building work with hospital busi-ness work,the lack of connection between performance incentive and performance evaluation index system,and the need to improve the satisfaction of medical staff.It is necessary to solve the problem and improve the quality and efficiency of medical service.

Objective To investigate the correlation between somatosensory evoked potentials(SEP)of upper limbs,and sensory and motor functions in stroke patients in different stages. Methods From June,2021 to October,2023,177 stroke patients in Shijiazhuang People's Hospital were diveded into acute stage group(within 14 days,n=25),early recovery group(14 days to one month,n=110)and middle to late recovery group(one to six months,n=42)according to the duration of the disease.General information of the patients was recorded;SEP examination was performed,and N20 lantency and amplitude were recorded.Monofilament touch and two-point discrimination sensation of the patient's hands were tested using the monofila-ment and two-point discrimination tools,respectively;and motor function was assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assess-ment-Upper Extremities(FMA-UE).The correlation between SEP,and the sensory and motor scores in each group was analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in the monofilament tactile and two-point discrimination scores among the three groups(P>0.05).SEP was not correlated with sensory and motor functions in the acute stage group(P>0.05);in the early recovery group,N20 latency was negatively correlated with monofilament tactile sensation(r=-0.267,P=0.005)and positively correlated with two-point discrimination sensation(r=0.220,P=0.021),and N20 amplitude was positively correlated with monofilament tactile sensation(r=0.328,P<0.001)and FMA-UE score(r=0.418,P<0.001),and negatively correlated with two-point discrimination(r=-0.405,P<0.001);in the middle to late recovery group,the N20 latency was negatively correlated with FMA-UE score(r=-0.313,P=0.044),and N20 amplitude was positively correlated with monofilament tactile sensation(r=0.598,P<0.001)and FMA-UE score(r=0.393,P=0.010),and negatively correlated with two-point discrimination(r=-0.591,P<0.001).Multiple linear regression analyses showed that the score of monofilament tactile sensa-tion was negatively correlated with N20 latency(β=-0.510,P=0.046),and the FMA-UE score was positively correlated with N20 amplitude(β=0.313,P=0.026)in the middle to late recovery group;in the early recovery group,the two-point discriminative sensation score was negatively correlated with N20 amplitude(β=-0.270,P=0.039). Conclusion The correlation between SEP and sensory and motor functions becomes more significant with the prolonga-tion of disease.

Objective To empirically analyze the status quo of high-quality development of public hospitals in S Province,provides reference for promoting high-quality development of public hospitals.Methods SPSS 26.0 soft-ware and text analysis method were used to process the high-quality development monitoring data of tertiary public hospitals in S Province,and the qualitative interview results obtained by field investigation were comprehensively ana-lyzed.Results In terms of capacity improvement,public hospitals actively take measures such as the construction of medical union and the reform of payment methods to improve their capacity.Specialized hospitals and maternity and child care hospitals need to be improved in some indicators.In terms of structural optimization,the quality of medi-cal services is high in all regions.The proportion of medical service revenue and the proportion of high-grade surgery still need to be increased.In terms of innovation and efficiency improvement,the application level of electronic medi-cal records has made remarkable progress in various regions.There are differences in the funding of scientific re-search projects.In terms of cultural cohesion,patient satisfaction was higher.There is improvement room in the satisfaction of medical staff.Conclusion Third-level public hospitals in S province have achieved certain results in high-quality de-velopment,but there are still problems,such as the need to further integrate party building work with hospital busi-ness work,the lack of connection between performance incentive and performance evaluation index system,and the need to improve the satisfaction of medical staff.It is necessary to solve the problem and improve the quality and efficiency of medical service.

Objective To empirically analyze the status quo of high-quality development of public hospitals in S Province,provides reference for promoting high-quality development of public hospitals.Methods SPSS 26.0 soft-ware and text analysis method were used to process the high-quality development monitoring data of tertiary public hospitals in S Province,and the qualitative interview results obtained by field investigation were comprehensively ana-lyzed.Results In terms of capacity improvement,public hospitals actively take measures such as the construction of medical union and the reform of payment methods to improve their capacity.Specialized hospitals and maternity and child care hospitals need to be improved in some indicators.In terms of structural optimization,the quality of medi-cal services is high in all regions.The proportion of medical service revenue and the proportion of high-grade surgery still need to be increased.In terms of innovation and efficiency improvement,the application level of electronic medi-cal records has made remarkable progress in various regions.There are differences in the funding of scientific re-search projects.In terms of cultural cohesion,patient satisfaction was higher.There is improvement room in the satisfaction of medical staff.Conclusion Third-level public hospitals in S province have achieved certain results in high-quality de-velopment,but there are still problems,such as the need to further integrate party building work with hospital busi-ness work,the lack of connection between performance incentive and performance evaluation index system,and the need to improve the satisfaction of medical staff.It is necessary to solve the problem and improve the quality and efficiency of medical service.