Objective To explore the application value of dual-phase dual-energy CT (DECT) perfusion imaging in preoperative lung function assessment of lung cancer patients. Methods Data were collected from patients with stageⅠA non-small cell lung cancer who underwent surgical treatment in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, from November 2022 to June 2024. All patients underwent DECT perfusion imaging and pulmonary function testing (PFT) before surgery. PFT observation indicators included ventilation function indicators such as forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), 1-second rate (FEV1/FVC), maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), and diffusion function indicators such as diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and DLCO per liter of alveolar volume (DLCO/VA). The software eXamine was used to obtain quantitative parameters of DECT perfusion imaging, including volume parameters and perfusion parameters of both lungs and each lung lobe. The correlation between the volume parameters and perfusion parameters of both lungs and the ventilation and diffusion function indicators of the patients, as well as the differences in quantitative parameters of each lung lobe, was analyzed. Results The end-inspiration lung volume and biphasic volume difference were strongly positively correlated with FEV1 and FVC (r=0.636, r=0.682, r=0.614, r=0.624, P<0.001) and moderately positively correlated with MVV and DLCO (r=0.499, r=0.514, r=0.549, r=0.447, P<0.001); the end-expiration lung volume was weakly negatively correlated with DLCO/VA (r=−0.295, P=0.026); the volume ratio was positively correlated with FEV1, FVC, MVV, and MVV% (r=0.424, r=0.399, r=0.415, r=0.310, P<0.05); the end-inspiration iodine content was weakly positively correlated with DLCO/VA% (rs=0.292, P=0.030); the end-expiration iodine content was weakly positively correlated with FEV1, FVC, MVV, DLCO%, and DLCO/VA (r=0.307, r=0.299, r=0.295, r=0.366, r=0.320, P<0.05) and moderately positively correlated with DLCO (r=0.439, P<0.001); the end-inspiration iodine concentration was negatively correlated with FEV1, FVC, MVV, and MVV% (rs=−0.407, rs=−0.426, rs=−0.352, rs=−0.277, P＜0.05); the end-expiratory phase iodine concentration was moderately positively correlated with DLCO/VA (r=0.403, P=0.002); both the iodine concentration difference and the iodine concentration ratio were moderately positively correlated with FEV1, FEV1%, FVC, MVV, MVV% (P<0.05). The lung volume and iodine concentration ratio values were both highest in the left upper lung lobe and lowest in the right middle lung lobe; the differences in lung volume, lung volume ratio, intrapulmonary iodine content, and intrapulmonary iodine concentration were all highest in the lower lobes of both lungs and lowest in the middle lobe of the right lung. Conclusion Dual-phase DECT perfusion imaging can accurately assess overall lung function and quantify regional lung function.

Objective: To evaluate the implementation of vaccination certificate verification in Guizhou Province from 2020 to 2022, so as to provide reference for improving the efficiency of vaccination certificate verification and vaccine re inoculation work. Methods: Data was drawn from the 2020-2022 report on the verification of vaccination certificates for children entering daycare and enrollment in various cities and prefectures in Guizhou Province. In July, 2021, Guizhou Province began to implement a new inspection scheme with close cooperation between health and education departments, moving forward the gateway, parents using "Guizhou CDC" WeChat official account for self inspection, and a long term supervision and assessment mechanism. A comparative analysis was conducted on the evaluation of vaccination certificate verification rate, vaccination certificate holding rate, full revaccination rate of the National Immunization Program (NIP) for children and full vaccination rate of the NIP vaccine before(2020) and after(2021 and 2022) the implementation of the new plan. Chi square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: The rate of vaccination certificate verification of children enrolled in kindergarten and primary school in Guizhou Province increased from 99.85% in 2020 to 100% in 2022, the rate of holding certificate increased from 99.55% in 2020 to 99.91% in 2022, the rate of full vaccination NIP vaccines for kindergarten and primary school entry increased from 78.95% in 2020 to 96.59% in 2022, and the rate of full revaccination increased from 42.40% in 2020 to 79.19% in 2022 ( χ 2=2 203.19, 3 651.67, 291 896.31, 103 938.76, P < 0.01 ). Conclusions From 2020 to 2022, the rates of full vaccination and the full revaccination for NIP vaccine among children entering kindergarten in Guizhou Province have increased year by year. Each region should fully utilize the achievements of immunization planning informatization construction to establish effective inspection work ideas, and ensure that eligible children complete the full vaccination process of the national immunization plan vaccine.

Objective:To preliminarily investigate the applicability of a poliovirus pseudovirus-based neutralization assay in evaluating the immunogenicity of recombinant poliovirus vaccines and their in vivo potency in rats. Methods:Serum samples from rats immunized with recombinant poliovirus vaccines were tested using both the pseudovirus neutralization assay and the live-virus neutralization assay with Sabin strain. The consistency and correlation of the two methods were analyzed using the Kappa test and Spearman′s rank correlation.Results:For the neutralizing antibodies against typeⅠ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ polioviruses, the Kappa values for consistency analysis of the two methods were 0.914, 1.000, and 0.751, respectively ( P<0.001), and the correlation coefficients ( R values) were 0.833, 0.927, and 0.859, respectively ( P<0.001). Conclusions:The test results of the two methods are consistent and show a good correlation, indicating that the pseudovirus neutralization assay can be applied to evaluating the immunogenicity of poliovirus vaccines and also can be used in rat potency tests.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the prevalence and clinical manifestations of ring chromosomes among children featuring abnormal development. METHODS: From January 2015 to August 2021, 7574 children referred for abnormal development were selected, and their peripheral blood samples were subjected to G-banded chromosomal karyotyping analysis. RESULTS: Twelve cases of ring chromosomes were detected, which have yielded a prevalence of 0.16% and included 1 r(6), 2 r(9), 1 r(13), 1 r(14), 2 r(15), 1 r(21) and 3 r(X). The children had various clinical manifestations including growth and mental retardation, limb malformation, and congenital heart disease. For two children with r(9) and two with r(15) with similar breakpoints, one child with r(9) and one with r(15) only had growth retardation, whilst another with r(9) and another with r(15) also had peculiar facies and complex congenital heart disease. The r(X) has featured some manifestations of Turner syndrome. CONCLUSION Ring chromosomes are among the common causes for severe growth and mental retardation in children with diverse clinical phenotypes. Clinicians should pay attention to those with developmental anomalies and use chromosomal analysis to elucidate their genetic etiology.
Humans ; Ring Chromosomes ; Intellectual Disability/genetics* ; Turner Syndrome/genetics* ; Phenotype ; Heart Defects, Congenital/genetics*

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Chaihu Qinggantang （CHQGT） in the treatment of granulomatous lobular mastitis （GLM） in the rat model. MethodSixty female rats were divided into a normal group， a model group， a prednisolone group （0.001 8 g·kg^-1）， and three CHQGT low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups （4.5， 8.9， 17.8 g·kg^-1）. The tissue homogenates mixed with GLM lesion tissue and Fritner's reagent were used for modeling. After modeling， the treatment groups were given corresponding treatment factors， and the normal group and the model group were given the equal volume of normal saline. The changes in mammary gland of rats were observed after 14 d. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the histopathological changes in breast samples. The mRNA expressions of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome， Caspase-1， and interleukin-1β （IL-1β） were detected by real-time quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The protein expressions of NLRP3， Caspase-1， IL-1β， and IL-18 were detected by Western bolt. ResultAs compared with the normal group， the breasts of rats in the model group were obviously swelling， and mammary gland inflammation index was significantly increased （P<0.01）. Pathological changes included the formation of granuloma centered on the lobule of mammary gland with a large number of inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes and plasma cells. The mRNA expressions of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and IL-1β， and the protein expressions of NLRP3， Caspase-1， IL-1β， and IL18 in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the treatment groups improved breast swelling， and the CHQGT medium and high-dose groups and the prednisolone group reduced inflammation index to some extent after treatment （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The inflammation degree of mammary gland was significantly improved， and inflammatory cells such as macrophages， lymphocytes， and plasma cells were reduced to varying degrees in pathological aspects. The mRNA expressions of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and IL-1β， and the protein expressions of NLRP3， Caspase-1， IL-1β， and IL-18 in the CHQGT high-dose group and the prednisolone group were significantly down-regulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionCHQGT inhibits inflammation and treats GLM in rats. The mechanism is possibly related to the inhibition of NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathway， which provides a new target for the prevention and treatment of GLM by Qingxiao method.

OBJECTIVES: Hypertrophic scar (HS) is the most common pathological scar in clinical practice. During its formation, angiogenesis-related factors show dynamic expression. Modern studies have found that Notch signaling pathway has an extremely important role in maintaining the construction and remodeling of vascular endothelial cells and vascular network. The correlation between Notch signaling pathway and angiogenesis in hypertrophic scar has been rarely reported. This study aims to investigate correlation between Notch signaling pathway and the expression of angiogenic factors in a proliferative scar model. METHODS: A total of 81 Sprague Dawley rats (SPF grade) were randomly assigned into a blank control group, a model group, and a blocker group. In the blocker group, a 2 cm diameter circular scald head was placed on the back of the rats for 10 s at 75 ℃ by using a constant temperature and pressure electrothermal scalding apparatus to form a rat deep II° burn model, and a hyperplastic scar model rat was obtained after natural healing of the wound skin (21 to 23 day epithelialization). A syringe was used to inject a needle from the normal skin around the scar at the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 14th days after modeling. The γ-secretase inhibitor was injected locally at 2 mg/kg in a dilution of 0.1 mL at the base of the scar. The rats in the model group was injected with the same amount of saline after modeling; the rats in the blank control group was injected with the same amount of saline. Nine rats in each group was randomly killed by air embolization at the 21st, 28th, and 35th days, respectively. The protein expressions of collagen type I (COL-I) and collagen type III (COL-III) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The protein expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin 1 (Ang1), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical results showed that, at the 21st,28th, and 35th days, the protein expressions of COL-I and COL-III in the model group were up-regulated compared with the blank control group (all CONCLUSIONS In the Sprague Dawley rat proliferative scar model, inhibition of Notch signaling pathway could attenuate the expressions of COL-I and COL-III, reduce traumatic scar proliferation, down-regulate the expressions of VEGF, Ang1, TGF-β1, and MMP-2, and inhibit angiogenesis. The expressions of angiogenesis-related factors appeare to be up-regulated during the formation of proliferative scar. When the Notch signaling pathway is inhibited, the up-regulated angiogenic factors show a decreasing trend and the proliferative scar is alleviated, which suggests that Notch signaling pathway may affect the formation of hyperplastic scar by regulating the expression of angiogenic factors.
Animals ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic/pathology* ; Endothelial Cells ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Objective To explore the relationship between chromosomal abnormalities and diseases in children by analyzing chromosome karyotypes. Methods The chromosome karyotype analysis of peripheral lymphocytes in 5 329 children was performed. Results In all, abnormal karyotype were found in 1 723 cases (32.33％) , in which the numerical chromosome abnormalities were detected in 1 539 (89.32％) , following by 125 cases of structural chromosome abnormalities (7.25％) , 53 cases of sex reverse syndrome (3.08％) , and 6 cases of true hermaphroditism (0.35％). The chromosome polymorphism were detected in 228 cases (4.28％). Conclusions The numerical chromosome abnormalities is most frequent chromosomal aberration and is one of the important causes that result in mental retardation, growth delay and disorders of sex development in children.

Objective: To summarize the clinical features of leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter disease (VWM) in children. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed on 54 genetically diagnosed VWM patients in Peking University First Hospital from January 2007 to March 2019. Paper registration form and electronic medical record system were used to collect the data,and the children were divided into five groups according to the age of disease onset:<1 year, 1-<2 years, 2-<4 years, 4-<8 years and 8-<18 years respectively. The progression of motor function, episodic aggravation, epileptic seizures, survival time, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and genotype features were analyzed and compared. Non-parametric test, χ² test or Fisher′s exact test were used for comparison among groups; Kaplan-Meier survival curve was adopted to delineate the survival status of the children. Results: Fifty-four VWM patients were included in the study, including 34 males and 20 females.The age of disease onset was 2 years and 8 months (ranged from 6 months to 9 years and 7 months). Onset age was less than 1 year in 5 cases; onset age was 1-<2 years in 12 cases; onset age was 2-<4 years in 25 cases; onset age was 4-<8 years, in 10 cases; onset age was 8-<18 years in 2 cases; 94% (51/54) of patients had complaint of motor regression at the first visit; 87% (47/54) of patients suffered from episodic aggravation. Episodic seizures occurred in 43% (23/54) patients. In survivors with disease durations of 1-3 years, in 38% (9/24) patients the disease was classified as grades Ⅳ-Ⅴ by gross motor function classification system (GMFCS). For the onset age 1-<2 years group, 1 patient was classified as GMFCS Ⅳ among 3 survivors with disease durations of 1-3 years. As for the 2-<4 years group, 6 patients were classified as GMFCS Ⅳ-Ⅴ among 15 patients with disease durations of 1-3 years, whereas 1 patient was classified as GMFCS Ⅳ-Ⅴ among 4 patients with disease durations of 1-3 years in the 4-<8 years group. Lesions, liquefaction and diffusion restriction in brain MRI were compared among different groups, and it was revealed that the earlier the age of disease onset was, the more likely the subcortical white matter (frontal lobe P<0.01,temporal and parieto-occipital lobe both P=0.002), internal capsule (anterior limb P<0.01, posterior limb P=0.00) and brain stem (midbrain P=0.001, pons P<0.01) were to be involved. In addition, internal capsule (anterior limb P=0.002, posterior limb P=0.005) and brain stem (midbrain P=0.001, pons P=0.003) showed more diffuse restricted diffusion. Moreover, the subcortical white matter (frontal and parieto-occipital lobe both P<0.01, temporal lobe P=0.005) showed earlier rarefaction. The 1-year and 2-year survival rates of the overall patients were 81% and 75% respectively, while the 15-year survival rate was 45%. EIF2B5 gene variation was the most common, which accounts for 43% (23/54), followed by EIF2B3 (22%, 12/54). Conclusions The majority of VWM patients complained of motor regression at the first visit, episodic aggravation and epileptic seizures are common in the course. Earlier age at onset is associated with more rapid clinical progression, shorter survival time as well as more extensive lesions, liquefaction and diffusion restriction in brain MRI. The most common variant gene is EIF2B5, followed by EIF2B3.

In this study, pregabalin controlled porosity osmotic pump tablets which are taken once a day were prepared. Single-factor tests were carried out to investigate the influence of excipients and manufacturing process. The formulation was optimized through orthogonal experiment on three levels of three significant factors including the amount of sodium citrate, and polyethylene glycol 400 and coating weight gain. On the basis of the results of the single-factor tests and the orthogonal experiment, optimal formulation and manufacturing process were obtained. The final tablet formulation contained pregabalin(82. 5 mg), microcrystalline cellulose(40%), sodium citrate(27. 5%), magnesium stearate(0. 5%)and 5% povidone K30 solution as the tablet binder; the coating formulation consisted of cellulose acetrate and 60% of polyethylene glycol 400 as a porogen; the coating weight gain was 3%. In vitro drug release kinetic study suggested that the drug release from controlled porosity osmotic pump tablets was mainly driven by osmotic pressure, which was barely affected by the pH of the release medium. The drug release behavior of the tablets within 12 hours complied with zero-order release rule and the linear correlation coefficient was 0. 991 6. The obtained porosity osmotic pump tablets could effectively slow the drug release rate, reduce concentration fluctuation and improve the safety and convenience for the patients, hence with broad prospects.

To summarize the clinical features of leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter disease (VWM) in children. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed on 54 genetically diagnosed VWM patients in Peking University First Hospital from January 2007 to March 2019. Paper registration form and electronic medical record system were used to collect the data,and the children were divided into five groups according to the age of disease onset:<1 year, 1-<2 years, 2-<4 years, 4-<8 years and 8-<18 years respectively. The progression of motor function, episodic aggravation, epileptic seizures, survival time, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and genotype features were analyzed and compared. Non?parametric test, χ2 test or Fisher's exact test were used for comparison among groups;Kaplan?Meier survival curve was adopted to delineate the survival status of the children. Results Fifty?four VWM patients were included in the study, including 34 males and 20 females.The age of disease onset was 2 years and 8 months (ranged from 6 months to 9 years and 7 months). Onset age was less than 1 year in 5 cases; onset age was 1-<2 years in 12 cases; onset age was 2-<4 years in 25 cases; onset age was 4-<8 years, in 10 cases; onset age was 8-<18 years in 2 cases; 94% (51/54) of patients had complaint of motor regression at the first visit; 87% (47/54) of patients suffered from episodic aggravation. Episodic seizures occurred in 43% (23/54) patients. In survivors with disease durations of 1-3 years, in 38% (9/24) patients the disease was classified as grades Ⅳ?Ⅴ by gross motor function classification system (GMFCS). For the onset age 1-<2 years group, 1 patient was classified as GMFCSⅣamong 3 survivors with disease durations of 1-3 years. As for the 2-<4 years group, 6 patients were classified as GMFCS Ⅳ-Ⅴamong 15 patients with disease durations of 1-3 years, whereas 1 patient was classified as GMFCS Ⅳ-Ⅴ among 4 patients with disease durations of 1-3 years in the 4-<8 years group. Lesions, liquefaction and diffusion restriction in brain MRI were compared among different groups, and it was revealed that the earlier the age of disease onset was, the more likely the subcortical white matter (frontal lobe P<0.01,temporal and parieto?occipital lobe both P=0.002), internal capsule (anterior limb P<0.01, posterior limb P=0.00) and brain stem (midbrain P=0.001, pons P<0.01) were to be involved. In addition, internal capsule (anterior limb P=0.002, posterior limb P=0.005) and brain stem (midbrain P=0.001, pons P=0.003) showed more diffuse restricted diffusion. Moreover, the subcortical white matter (frontal and parieto?occipital lobe both P<0.01, temporal lobe P=0.005) showed earlier rarefaction. The 1?year and 2?year survival rates of the overall patients were 81% and 75% respectively, while the 15?year survival rate was 45%. EIF2B5 gene variation was the most common, which accounts for 43% (23/54), followed by EIF2B3 (22%, 12/54). Conclusions The majority of VWM patients complained of motor regression at the first visit, episodic aggravation and epileptic seizures are common in the course. Earlier age at onset is associated with more rapid clinical progression, shorter survival time as well as more extensive lesions, liquefaction and diffusion restriction in brain MRI. The most common variant gene is EIF2B5, followed by EIF2B3.