This paper reports the clinical data and the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with exogenous insulin autoimmune syndrome(EIAS)induced by long-term use of exogenous insulin(Eucrin 50).For diabetes patients with hyperinsulin-induced hypoglycemia,detection of IAA is helpful for diagnosis EIAS.Due to different test methods affect IAA results,if negative,EIAS cannot be completely excluded.The polyethylene glycol precipitation method can assist in early diagnosis.

Objective To explore the relationship between serum levels of anterior gradient 2(AGR2)and trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO)and gut microbiota in children with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Methods A total of 145 IBD children were selected as the observation group,and children were divided into the ulcerative colitis group(64 cases)and the Crohn's disease group(81 cases)according to the disease type.Meanwhile,140 healthy children underwent physical examination in our hospital were included as the control group.Serum AGR2 and TMAO levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The disease activity of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease were evaluated using the modified Mayo score and the Crohn's Disease Activity Index(CDAI)score,and patients were divided into the active group(75 cases)and the remission group(70 cases)according to the disease activity.Fecal samples were collected for identification and count of intestinal flora.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn to analyze the diagnostic value of serum AGR2 and TMAO levels in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.The correlation between serum AGR2 and TMAO levels and intestinal flora was analyzed by Pearson test.Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between serum AGR2 and TMAO levels and the disease stage of children with IBD.Results The serum AGR2 level was lower in the ulcerative colitis group and the Crohn's disease group than that in the control group,and the serum TMAO level was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The areas under the curve(AUC)of serum AGR2 and TMAO levels were 0.835,0.836 and 0.896 for diagnosis of ulcerative colitis alone and 0.859,0.864 and 0.964 for diagnosis of Crohn's disease.The serum AGR2 level and numbers of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium were significantly lower in the active group than those in the remission group,and the serum TMAO level and numbers of Escherichia coli,enterococcus,Helicobacter pylori and streptococcus were significantly higher in the active group than those in the remission group(P＜0.05).Serum AGR2 levels in IBD children were positively correlated with numbers of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium,and negatively correlated with numbers of Escherichia coli,Enterococcus,Helicobacter pylori and streptococcus(P＜0.05).Serum TMAO level was negatively correlated with numbers of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium,and positively correlated with numbers of Escherichia coli,Enterococcus,Helicobacter pylori and streptococcus(P＜0.05).The decreased serum AGR2 level and the increased TMAO level were risk factors for the disease progression to active stage in children with IBD(P＜0.05).Conclusion The combination of serum AGR2 and TMAO can effectively diagnose ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease,and it is more valuable in the diagnosis of Crohn's disease.Abnormal expression of both may participate in the progression of IBD disease by affecting changes in gut microbiota structure.

Objective To explore the relationship between serum levels of anterior gradient 2(AGR2)and trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO)and gut microbiota in children with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Methods A total of 145 IBD children were selected as the observation group,and children were divided into the ulcerative colitis group(64 cases)and the Crohn's disease group(81 cases)according to the disease type.Meanwhile,140 healthy children underwent physical examination in our hospital were included as the control group.Serum AGR2 and TMAO levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The disease activity of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease were evaluated using the modified Mayo score and the Crohn's Disease Activity Index(CDAI)score,and patients were divided into the active group(75 cases)and the remission group(70 cases)according to the disease activity.Fecal samples were collected for identification and count of intestinal flora.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn to analyze the diagnostic value of serum AGR2 and TMAO levels in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.The correlation between serum AGR2 and TMAO levels and intestinal flora was analyzed by Pearson test.Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between serum AGR2 and TMAO levels and the disease stage of children with IBD.Results The serum AGR2 level was lower in the ulcerative colitis group and the Crohn's disease group than that in the control group,and the serum TMAO level was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The areas under the curve(AUC)of serum AGR2 and TMAO levels were 0.835,0.836 and 0.896 for diagnosis of ulcerative colitis alone and 0.859,0.864 and 0.964 for diagnosis of Crohn's disease.The serum AGR2 level and numbers of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium were significantly lower in the active group than those in the remission group,and the serum TMAO level and numbers of Escherichia coli,enterococcus,Helicobacter pylori and streptococcus were significantly higher in the active group than those in the remission group(P＜0.05).Serum AGR2 levels in IBD children were positively correlated with numbers of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium,and negatively correlated with numbers of Escherichia coli,Enterococcus,Helicobacter pylori and streptococcus(P＜0.05).Serum TMAO level was negatively correlated with numbers of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium,and positively correlated with numbers of Escherichia coli,Enterococcus,Helicobacter pylori and streptococcus(P＜0.05).The decreased serum AGR2 level and the increased TMAO level were risk factors for the disease progression to active stage in children with IBD(P＜0.05).Conclusion The combination of serum AGR2 and TMAO can effectively diagnose ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease,and it is more valuable in the diagnosis of Crohn's disease.Abnormal expression of both may participate in the progression of IBD disease by affecting changes in gut microbiota structure.

This paper reports the clinical data and the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with exogenous insulin autoimmune syndrome(EIAS)induced by long-term use of exogenous insulin(Eucrin 50).For diabetes patients with hyperinsulin-induced hypoglycemia,detection of IAA is helpful for diagnosis EIAS.Due to different test methods affect IAA results,if negative,EIAS cannot be completely excluded.The polyethylene glycol precipitation method can assist in early diagnosis.

Objective : To establish a mouse model of acute pseudomembranous stomatitis and to observe the effect of photoactivated disinfection (PAD) on the removal of Candida albicans in vivo, and initially explore the feasibility of this technology in the treatment of acute pseudomembranous stomatitis. Methods: Six-week-old male ICR mice were selected and immunized with 1 × 107CFU/mL Candida albicans solution on the backs of the tongues of immunosuppressed mice. Thirty model mice with acute pseudomembranous stomatitis were successfully established and randomly divided into a control group and a photoactivated disinfection group, with 15 mice in each group. Mice in the photoactivated disinfection group were coated with 1 mg/mL toluidine blue solution on the back of the tongue, incubated for 1 min and irradiated with 750 mW LED red light for 1 min. Immediately after treatment, the tongue fungal load was measured in the photoactivated disinfection group and the control group. Tongue fungal load was measured again 48 h later, and tongue histopathological examination was performed in both groups. Results : Forty-eight hours after PAD treatment, the white pseudomembrane on the back of the tongue in the photoactivated group was significantly less than the control group. The fungal load on the dorsum of the tongue in the treatment group was significantly lower than the control group immediately and 48 h after treatment for PAD, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Forty-eight hours after PAD treatment, HE staining showed that the epithelial structure of the PAD group was more regular than the control group, and no microabscesses were observed. PAS staining showed that the number of mycelia in the PAD group was significantly less than the control group. Mycelia occasionally invaded the keratinized layer but did not penetrate into the upper cortex. Conclusion PAD significantly removed Candida albicans from the tongues of mice with acute pseudomembranous Candida stomatitis.

Objective To investigate the effect ofbiglycan (BGN) on neural apoptosis in mice with early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).Methods SAH models were induced by endovascular perforation in young male C57BL/6J mice.(1) Totally,48 mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group,SAH 6 h group,SAH 12 h group,SAH 24 h group,SAH 48 h group,and SAH 72 h group (n=8);the BGN protein and mRNA expressions were detected by Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR).(2) Totally,16 mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group and SAH 48 h group (n=8);immunofluorescent double staining was conducted to explore the BGN expression in the neurons of brain tissues.(3) Totally,24 mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group,sham+control lentivirus group,and sham+BGN lentivirus group (n=8);BGN lentiviral vector and control lentivirus were administered intracerebroventricularly 7 d before sham-operation;qRT-PCR was performed to explore the BGN mRNA expression.(4) Totally,48 mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group,SAH+control lentivirus group,and SAH+BGN lentivirus group (n=16);BGN lentiviral vector and control lentivirus were administered intracerebroventricularly 7 d before SAH;neurological scores were detected by modified Garcia scale and beam balance tests;TUNEL was used to detect the neuronal apoptosis,and Western blotting was performed to explore the expressions of nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB) and phosphorylated-(p-) NF-κB.Results (1) Mice in the SAH 48 h group had the highest BGN protein and mRNA expressions,which showed statistical differences as compared with the sham-operated group (P＜0.05).(2) A majority of BGN expressions were detected in the neurons 48 h after SAH.(3) The sham+BGN lentivirus group had statistically lower BGN mRNA expression than the sham+control lentivirus group (P＜0.05).(4) As compared with those in the SAH+control lentivirus group,both scores of modified Garcia scale and beam balance tests were significantly higher in SAH+BGN lentivirus group (6.125±1.246 vs.13.000±1.309;1.125±1.126 vs.2.875±0.835),and neural apoptosis ratio and ratio of p-NF-κB/NF-κB were significantly lower in the SAH+BGN lentivirus group (51.950％±11.166％ vs.31.938％±7.705％;1.161±0.156 vs.0.886±0.142,P＜0.05).Conclusion Inhibition of BGN can effectively reduce neuronal apoptosis in mice with EBI after SAH,and attenuate neurological deficits.

To prepare tacrolimus solid dispersion to increase the solubility and bioavailability of tacrolimus. Tacrolimus solid dispersions were prepared by different water-soluble carriers, which were evaluated by in vitro drug dissolutions to select the optimal formulation. The optimal tacrolimus solid dispersion was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD)and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), and its gastrointestinal absorption kinetics was studied in rats. The results showed that tacrolimus solid dispersion with HPMC E3 as carrier had the fastest dissolution rate. SEM, XRD and DSC studies indicated that tacrolimus was distributed within the carrier HPMC E3 in amorphous form. Gastrointestinal absorption experiments in rats demonstrated that the optimal formulation remarkably increased oral absorption of tacrolimus. These results demonstrate that a novel tacrolimus solid dispersion with HPMC E3 as carrier may be an advantageous dosage form of tacrolimus, boosting the solubility and absorption in gastrointestinal tract.

Objective To explore the effects of hand hygiene management on hand washing compliance of staff members and infection rates in Burn Unit.Methods From April 201 5 to October 201 5,40 staffs in Burn Unit received the hand hygiene management intervention,including perfecting facilities of hand hygiene, carrying out propaganda and standardizing the supervision,and so on.The hand washing compliance of staffs and infection rates in burn unit were observed before and after interventions.Results Before interventions,the hand hygiene compliance of doctors,nurses,nursing assistants,cleaning workers were 41 .5%,45.7%, 31 .0%,29.0%,lower than 88.8%,91 .7%,74.9%,68.8% after the interventions,and all staffs improved the compliance of hand hygiene (P <0.01 ).Before and after interventions,the compliance in doctors and nurses was higher than that of caregiver and cleaner (P <0.01 ).The hospital infection rate was reduced from 1 3.2% before interventions to 6.8% after interventions(P <0.05 ).Conclusions To make effective hand hygiene management measures can improve the hand hygiene compliance of staffs in Burn Department and effectively reduce the hospital infection rate.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of iASPP as the target gene of miR-124a in neural development.

METHODSUsing the online bioinformatical tool (TargetScan) and by reviewing the relevant studies, we selected iASPP as the candidate target gene of miR-124a involved in early-stage neuronal differentiation. Luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the candidate gene. We transfected M17 cells with a miR-124a overexpression plasmid and detected the changes in the protein expression of iASPP using Western blotting. With retinoic acid-induced M17 cells as the neuronal differentiation model, the role of iASPP in early-stage neuronal differentiation was investigated by gene overexpression and gene interference techniques.

RESULTSmiR-124a inhibited the expression of iASPP in M17 cells by interacting with the 3'UTR of iASPP gene. miR-124a promoted neurite outgrowth of the cells, which was blocked by iASPP overexpression.

CONCLUSIONmiR-124a promotes neurite outgrowth of M17 cells by inhibiting iASPP expression.

3' Untranslated Regions ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; Neurites ; metabolism ; Repressor Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection

Objective To investigate the role of iASPP as the target gene of miR-124a in neural development. Methods Using the online bioinformatical tool (TargetScan) and by reviewing the relevant studies, we selected iASPP as the candidate target gene of miR-124a involved in early-stage neuronal differentiation. Luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the candidate gene. We transfected M17 cells with a miR-124a overexpression plasmid and detected the changes in the protein expression of iASPP using Western blotting. With retinoic acid-induced M17 cells as the neuronal differentiation model, the role of iASPP in early-stage neuronal differentiation was investigated by gene overexpression and gene interference techniques. Results miR-124a inhibited the expression of iASPP in M17 cells by interacting with the 3'UTR of iASPP gene. miR-124a promoted neurite outgrowth of the cells, which was blocked by iASPP overexpression. Conclusion miR-124a promotes neurite outgrowth of M17 cells by inhibiting iASPP expression.