As the field of oral pathology has evolved, the nomenclature and classification of oral mucosal diseases with a remarkable risk of malignant transformation have undergone several modifications. In 2005, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the concept of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) as an alternative to the terms for oral precancerous lesions and precancerous conditions. In the consensus report by the WHO Collaborating Center for Oral Cancer of 2021, OPMD is defined as "any oral mucosal abnormality that is associated with a statistically increased risk of developing oral cancer."This definition encompasses a range of conditions, in-cluding oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, oral lichen planus, and other lesions. In light of the complex etiology, unclear pathogenesis, and carcinogenesis of OPMDs, early and precise diagnosis and treatment can contribute to the secondary prevention of oral cancer. For this reason, this review, which aims to provide a basis for the precise clinical diagnosis of OPMDs, was performed. Its aim was achieved by reviewing the historical evolution and research progress of the nomenclature, classification, and histopathological diagnostic criteria of OPMDs.
Humans ; Mouth Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Precancerous Conditions/diagnosis* ; Leukoplakia, Oral/diagnosis* ; Lichen Planus, Oral/pathology* ; Oral Submucous Fibrosis/pathology* ; Mouth Mucosa/pathology* ; World Health Organization

Optical spectroscopy devices are being developed and tested for the screening and diagnosis of oral precancer and cancer lesions. This study reports a device that uses white light for detection of suspicious lesions and green-amber light at 545 nm that detect tissue vascularity on patients with several suspicious oral lesions. The clinical grading of vascularity was compared to the histological grading of the biopsied lesions using specific biomarkers. Such a device, in the hands of dentists and other health professionals, could greatly increase the number of oral cancerous lesions detected in early phase. The purpose of this study is to correlate the clinical grading of tissue vascularity in several oral suspicious lesions using the Identafi(®) system with the histological grading of the biopsied lesions using specific vascular markers. Twenty-one patients with various oral lesions were enrolled in the study. The lesions were visualized using Identafi(®) device with white light illumination, followed by visualization of tissue autofluorescence and tissue reflectance. Tissue biopsied was obtained from the all lesions and both histopathological and immunohistochemical studies using a vascular endothelial biomarker (CD34) were performed on these tissue samples. The clinical vascular grading using the green-amber light at 545 nm and the expression pattern and intensity of staining for CD34 in the different biopsies varied depending on lesions, grading ranged from 1 to 3. The increase in vascularity was observed in abnormal tissues when compared to normal mucosa, but this increase was not limited to carcinoma only as hyperkeratosis and other oral diseases, such as lichen planus, also showed increase in vascularity. Optical spectroscopy is a promising technology for the detection of oral mucosal abnormalities; however, further investigations with a larger population group is required to evaluate the usefulness of these devices in differentiating benign lesions from potentially malignant lesions.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, CD34 ; analysis ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; analysis ; Biopsy ; methods ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; blood supply ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Erythroplasia ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Leukoplakia, Oral ; blood supply ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Lichen Planus, Oral ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Neoplasms ; blood supply ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Neoplasm Grading ; Optical Imaging ; methods ; Pilot Projects ; Precancerous Conditions ; blood supply ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; methods ; Young Adult

Biopsy ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lichen Planus, Oral ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Mouth Mucosa ; pathology ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Dexamethasone ; therapeutic use ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Lichen Planus, Oral ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Phototherapy ; Prednisone ; therapeutic use ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical feature of lichen planus in Hunan, and to provide references for correct diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: The clinical data from 124 outpatients with lichen planus attending Dermatology Department of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from January 2000 to April 2008 were analysed retrospectively, including data on sex, age of visit or onset, course of disease, clinical manifestation, histopathology, and so on. RESULTS: In these 124 patients, male to female ratio was 1:1. Most patients were in 30-60 age group when they first visited the Out-patient Department. There were 2 onset peaks, one in 14-29 age group and the other in 40-60 age group. Most (35.5%) of the lesions were chronic localized subtypes. The limbs were the most common site to be involved, and they were also the most prevalent site for onset of lichen planus(74 cases, 59.7% ). The second common site was the trunk (29 cases, 23.4%). Fifteen patients (12.1%) had genitalia lesions, and 9 (7.3%) accompanied with oral mucosal involvement. Most of the eruptions were half-distributed (44.3%), 64 patients (51.6%) had pruritus,which ranged from mild irritation to severe intolerable itching, 56 (45.2%) had no subjective symptoms, 4 (3.2%) had spontaneous pain or tenderness, and 2 had positive family history of lichen planus. The diagnostic accordance rate was 50.8%. CONCLUSION Some characteristics exist in sex, age, and clinical manifestation of lichen planus in Hunan province. Systemic and/or local treatment should be taken according to the lesion morphology, localization and subtypes of lichen planus.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; Cortisone ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Lichen Planus ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

We report two cases of lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP) that developed in a unilateral linear pattern. The patients presented with unilateral linear brown macules on the extremities. Skin biopsy showed orthokeratosis, basal hydropic degeneration with scarce lymphohistiocytic infiltrates, and numerous melanophages in both patients. These patients, to the best of our knowledge, are the first cases of LPP presenting with a linear pattern. LPP should be considered in the differential diagnosis of linear hyperpigmented skin lesions.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Biopsy ; Female ; Human ; Hyperpigmentation/diagnosis/pathology ; Lichen Planus/*diagnosis/pathology ; Skin/pathology