BACKGROUND:Due to the complex movement of the scapula,which is a six-degree-of-freedom activity in three-dimensional space,it is difficult to measure it accurately using traditional methods.The image and model matching technology based on dual-plane X-ray is a three-dimensional measurement method that has gradually developed and matured in recent years.Two high-speed cameras are used to project and shoot from orthogonal directions.Compared with a single perspective,this method has advantages in observation range and reduction of out-of-plane errors,and is suitable for the study of scapula kinematics.OBJECTIVE:X-ray biplane and image-model registration technology were used to explore the differences in scapular kinematics between normal individuals and patients with rotator cuff tears,providing a basis for the treatment and rehabilitation of rotator cuff tear patients.METHODS:From April 2023 to January 2024,10 patients with normal shoulders and 10 patients with rotator cuff tears who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled from Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The subjects underwent a shoulder CT scan to create a 3D model and a local scapular coordinate system.X-ray biplane images were taken during shoulder abduction with two C-arm machines.The 2D and 3D images were registered to compare scapular kinematic differences between the two groups at 0°,15°,30°,45°,60°,75°,and 90° of abduction,including scapular rotation angle and displacement distance.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)During shoulder abduction,the scapula of both groups showed upward rotation,but the upward rotation of the rotator cuff tear group was greater than that of the control group,and the difference was significant when the abduction was 30°-90°(P＜0.01).At the same time,the scapula internal rotation of both groups gradually increased,but the rotator cuff tear group was significantly greater than the control group when the abduction was 45°-90°(P＜0.01).In addition,the anteroposterior tilt of the scapula of the two groups was significantly different when the abduction was 15°-90°(P＜0.01).The scapula posterior tilt of the control group gradually increased during abduction,while the scapula of the rotator cuff tear group tilted forward except for a slight posterior tilt at 15°-30° abduction.(2)In terms of displacement,the upward displacement of the rotator cuff tear group was less than that of the control group during abduction,and the difference was significant at 15°-90°(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference in lateral and anterior-posterior displacement between the two groups(P＞0.05).(3)Rotator cuff tear can cause scapular dyskinesis,characterized by increased upward rotation,internal rotation,and abnormal forward tilt during shoulder abduction.Identifying and addressing scapular dyskinesis is crucial for treating rotator cuff tear.

BACKGROUND:Due to the complex movement of the scapula,which is a six-degree-of-freedom activity in three-dimensional space,it is difficult to measure it accurately using traditional methods.The image and model matching technology based on dual-plane X-ray is a three-dimensional measurement method that has gradually developed and matured in recent years.Two high-speed cameras are used to project and shoot from orthogonal directions.Compared with a single perspective,this method has advantages in observation range and reduction of out-of-plane errors,and is suitable for the study of scapula kinematics.OBJECTIVE:X-ray biplane and image-model registration technology were used to explore the differences in scapular kinematics between normal individuals and patients with rotator cuff tears,providing a basis for the treatment and rehabilitation of rotator cuff tear patients.METHODS:From April 2023 to January 2024,10 patients with normal shoulders and 10 patients with rotator cuff tears who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled from Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The subjects underwent a shoulder CT scan to create a 3D model and a local scapular coordinate system.X-ray biplane images were taken during shoulder abduction with two C-arm machines.The 2D and 3D images were registered to compare scapular kinematic differences between the two groups at 0°,15°,30°,45°,60°,75°,and 90° of abduction,including scapular rotation angle and displacement distance.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)During shoulder abduction,the scapula of both groups showed upward rotation,but the upward rotation of the rotator cuff tear group was greater than that of the control group,and the difference was significant when the abduction was 30°-90°(P＜0.01).At the same time,the scapula internal rotation of both groups gradually increased,but the rotator cuff tear group was significantly greater than the control group when the abduction was 45°-90°(P＜0.01).In addition,the anteroposterior tilt of the scapula of the two groups was significantly different when the abduction was 15°-90°(P＜0.01).The scapula posterior tilt of the control group gradually increased during abduction,while the scapula of the rotator cuff tear group tilted forward except for a slight posterior tilt at 15°-30° abduction.(2)In terms of displacement,the upward displacement of the rotator cuff tear group was less than that of the control group during abduction,and the difference was significant at 15°-90°(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference in lateral and anterior-posterior displacement between the two groups(P＞0.05).(3)Rotator cuff tear can cause scapular dyskinesis,characterized by increased upward rotation,internal rotation,and abnormal forward tilt during shoulder abduction.Identifying and addressing scapular dyskinesis is crucial for treating rotator cuff tear.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a highly malignant tumor with poor prognosis. In the process of clinical diagnosis and treatment, only a small number of patients can receive surgical treatment in time, and the rest often have local infiltration or distant metastasis at the time of presentation, which can only prolong the overall survival by adjuvant therapy. At present, the main adjuvant treatments in clinical practice include chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. This article reviews the progress of systemic therapy and some clinical trials in patients with advanced unresectable ICC, to provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ICC.

Objective:To form an expert consensus on plasma exchange nursing for severe autoimmune encephalitis ( " Consensus" for short) and standardize the practice of plasma exchange nursing for severe autoimmune encephalitis. Methods:After reviewing and summarizing the literature related to plasma exchange of severe autoimmune encephalitis, the relevant nursing evidence was extracted and the draft of Consensus was formed. From September to October 2023, a total of 20 experts were selected to conduct two rounds of expert letter consultation, and then the expert results were analyzed, sort outed and modified to form the final draft of the Consensus. Results:The expert positive coefficient was 100.00% (20/20), the expert judgment basis coefficient was 0.89, the expert familiarity coefficient was 0.85, the expert authority coefficient was 0.87, and the Kendall harmony coefficient was 0.15-0.22 ( P<0.05). The final Consensus included plasma exchange quality control management, preparation and evaluation before plasma exchange, setting and monitoring during plasma exchange, and evaluation and maintenance after plasma exchange. Conclusions:This Consensus is practical and can provide guidance for clinical nursing practice and quality control of plasma exchange in severe autoimmune encephalitis.

Objective:To explore the core competence that Neurology nurses should possess through qualitative research.Methods:In July 2023, a semi-structured interview was conducted by purposive sampling to select 15 clinical nurses and 7 head nurses in Department of Neurology of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University. Colaizzi 7-step analysis method in phenomenological research was used to analyze data.Results:The core competence model of neurology nurses were summarized into 7 themes, including clinical competence (symptom assessment ability of neurological diseases, critical rescue ability of neurological diseases, specialized skills related to neurological disease treatment), research ability, teaching ability, management ability, personal quality (communication ability, learning ability, teamwork ability), professional quality (patience, responsibility, love, empathy), and the supervision ability of neurology head nurses over nurses (development of continuing education on neurological diseases, promotion of career planning for neurology nurses) .Conclusions:The analysis of the core competence of Neurology nurses provides a basis for improving nursing quality, promoting disease prognosis for patients with neurological disorders, and enhancing their quality of life.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a highly malignant and heterogeneous brain tumor, contains various types of tumor and non-tumor cells. Whether GBM cells can trans-differentiate into non-neural cell types, including mural cells or endothelial cells (ECs), to support tumor growth and invasion remains controversial. Here we generated two genetic GBM models de novo in immunocompetent mouse brains, mimicking essential pathological and molecular features of human GBMs. Lineage-tracing and transplantation studies demonstrated that, although blood vessels in GBM brains underwent drastic remodeling, evidence of trans-differentiation of GBM cells into vascular cells was barely detected. Intriguingly, GBM cells could promiscuously express markers for mural cells during gliomagenesis. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing showed that patterns of copy number variations (CNVs) of mural cells and ECs were distinct from those of GBM cells, indicating discrete origins of GBM cells and vascular components. Importantly, single-cell CNV analysis of human GBM specimens also suggested that GBM cells and vascular cells are likely separate lineages. Rather than expansion owing to trans-differentiation, vascular cell expanded by proliferation during tumorigenesis. Therefore, cross-lineage trans-differentiation of GBM cells is very unlikely to occur during gliomagenesis. Our findings advance understanding of cell lineage dynamics during gliomagenesis, and have implications for targeted treatment of GBMs.
Mice ; Animals ; Humans ; Glioblastoma/pathology* ; Endothelial Cells/pathology* ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Brain/metabolism* ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology*

Objective To investigate the research hotspots and trends in the field of immunotherapy for liver cancer in 2011-2020 based on bibliometric methods. Methods The Web of Science-SCI Expanded database was searched with the following search strategy: #1 TS = (Liver Neoplasms OR Neoplasms, Hepatic OR Neoplasms, Liver OR Liver Neoplasm OR Neoplasm, Liver OR Hepatic Neoplasms OR Hepatic Neoplasm OR Neoplasm, Hepatic OR Cancer of Liver OR Hepatocellular Cancer OR Cancers, Hepatocellular OR Hepatocellular Cancers OR Hepatic Cancer OR Cancer, Hepatic OR Cancers, Hepatic OR Hepatic Cancers OR Liver Cancer OR Cancer, Liver OR Cancers, Liver OR Liver Cancers OR Cancer of the Liver OR Cancer, Hepatocellular) AND #2 TS = (Immunotherapy OR Immunotherapies OR Immunity therapy); time span: 2011-2020; type of literature: Article; language: English. CiteSpace software was used to perform a visualized analysis of the articles in the field of immunotherapy for liver cancer published in 2011-2020 from the aspects of the distributions of year, country, institution, author, journal, and fund, times cited, and keywords, and the frequency, centrality, and clustering of keywords were discussed. Results A total of 1972 articles on immunotherapy for liver cancer were included, and the analysis showed that China was the country with the largest number of articles, Sun Yat-sen University was the institution with the largest number of articles, and Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer was the journal with the largest number of articles. The research hotspots in this field included tumor-associated macrophages, oncolytic virus (such as adenovirus), tumor vaccine therapy, adoptive cellular immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and combined immunotherapy. The trend of this field was tumor vaccine therapy → immunotherapy for oncolytic virus → adoptive cellular immunotherapy → immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Conclusion Immunotherapy for liver cancer has undergone continuous development in the recent ten years, and with the research and development of tumor vaccine therapy, oncolytic virus, and immune checkpoint inhibitors and the improvement of immune checkpoint inhibitors, combined treatment based on immunotherapy is expected to further improve the clinical outcome of liver cancer.

Objective To explore the research hotspots and trends in the field of CSCs through the bibliometric analysis of the literature on CSCs. Methods Based on the core database of Web of Science, CiteSpace was used to analyze the annual distribution of published articles, authors, institutions, countries, journals, citations and keywords, and to explore the frequency, centrality and clustering of key words. Results (1) A total of 8131 articles were included after screening. China was the country with the largest number of articles, and Sun Yat-Sen University was the organization with the largest number of articles; (2) The hot spots in the field of CSCs are the research of CSCs in breast cancer and pancreatic cancer, the research of CSCs sorting and identification of molecular markers ALDH and genes PTEN, Sox2, C-myc, EZH2, the mechanism of EMT inducing the production of CSCs and promoting tumor metastasis, cellular and molecular mechanisms of CSCs resistance to chemical, radiation and targeted drug attacks, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and tumor microenvironment regulate the differentiation of CSCs and targeted inhibition of CSCs in the treatment of malignant tumors; (3) The research trend of CSCs is CSCs stem research-biological mechanism of CSCs-CSCs application in the treatment of cancer. Conclusion The focus and direction of CSCs research are EMT inducing CSCs to promote tumor metastasis, CSCs resisting chemical attack, mesenchymal stem cells regulating CSCs, the metabolism of CSCs, and inhibitors targeting CSCs at present and in the future.

Objective To investigate the effect of sub-anesthesia dose of isoflurane in 60％ oxygen on acute lung injury in aged rats with sepsis.Methods Ninety male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 12-14 months,weighing 500-800 g,were divided into 3 groups (n=30 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (Sham group),sepsis group (S group),and sepsis plus isoflurane plus oxygen treatment group (S+I+O group).Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture in S and S+I+O groups.In group S+I+O,0.7％ isoflurane in 60％ oxygen was inhaled for 1 h starting from 1 and 6 h after operation.Eighteen rats were selected in each group and observed for 7 days after operation,and the survival rate was recorded.Six rats were selected in each group at 24 h after operation,and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected to determine the protein concentrations (by BCA protein assay),blood samples were collected from the femoral artery for blood gas analysis,PaO2 was recorded,and the oxygenation index was calculated.Six rats in each group were sacrificed at 24 h after operation,the left lung specimens were obtained and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for examination of pathological changes,the right lung specimens were obtained for determination of wet to dry weight ratio (W/D ratio),and blood samples were collected from the right atrium for measurement of the concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β),IL-6,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and IL-10 in serum (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).Results Compared with group Sham,the survival rate was significantly decreased,and the concentrations of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,HMGB1 and IL-10 in serum were increased in S and S+I+O groups,and W/D ratio and protein concentrations in BALF were significantly increased,and the oxygenation index was decreased in group S (P＜0.05).Compared with group S,the survival rate was significantly increased,W/D ratio and protein concentrations in BALF were decreased,the oxygenation index was increased,the concentrations of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α and HMGB1 in serum were decreased,and the concentration of serum IL-10 was increased (P＜0.05),and the pathological changes were significantly attenuated in group S+I+O.Conclusion Sub-anesthesia dose of isoflurane in 60％ oxygen can reduce acute lung injury in aged rats with sepsis,and the mechanism may be ralated to inhibiting systemic inflammatory responses.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the apatite forming ability of pure titanium implant after micro-arc oxidation treatment in simulated body fluid (SBF) and obtain implants with calcium phosphate (Ca-P) layers.

METHODSThe implants were immersed in (SBF) after micro-arc oxidation treatment for different time lengths, and their apatite forming ability and the morphology and constituents of the Ca-P layers formed on the sample surface were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and energy dispersive electron probe.

RESULTSAfter immersion in SBF, large quantities of Ca-P layers were induced on the surface of the samples. The Ca-P layers were composed of octacalcium phosphate and carbonated hydroxyapatite, and the crystals showed a plate-like morphology with an oriented growth.

CONCLUSIONThe implants with micro-arc oxidation treatment show good apatite forming ability on the surface with rich calcium and phosphorus elements. The formed layers are composed of bone-like apatite including octacalcium phosphate and carbonated hydroxyapatite.

Apatites ; chemistry ; Biomimetic Materials ; chemistry ; Body Fluids ; chemistry ; Calcium Phosphates ; chemistry ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; chemistry ; Durapatite ; chemistry ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Prostheses and Implants ; Random Allocation ; Surface Properties ; Titanium ; chemistry