The phenomenon that the listener's reception,perception,and understanding of a sound are dis-turbed by an irrelevant sound is called the auditory masking effect.In the auditory masking effect,the human audi-tory nervous system is able to screen and extract target sounds from different sound sources based on different cues,and filter out unwanted masked sounds.The auditory masking effect is not a simple processing from separation to integration however it is,with a complex internal mechanism.Under energetic masking,acoustic information such as frequency and intensity of target and masher generates coding competition in the auditory periphery.Under infor-mational masking,target sound and masher competes with perceptive and cognitive information in the auditory cen-ter.Informational masking is the focus of masking research,but its mechanism is still controversial.This study studies the neural mechanism of informational masking effect from three factors,including similarity,uncertainty and intelligibility.

The phenomenon that the listener's reception,perception,and understanding of a sound are dis-turbed by an irrelevant sound is called the auditory masking effect.In the auditory masking effect,the human audi-tory nervous system is able to screen and extract target sounds from different sound sources based on different cues,and filter out unwanted masked sounds.The auditory masking effect is not a simple processing from separation to integration however it is,with a complex internal mechanism.Under energetic masking,acoustic information such as frequency and intensity of target and masher generates coding competition in the auditory periphery.Under infor-mational masking,target sound and masher competes with perceptive and cognitive information in the auditory cen-ter.Informational masking is the focus of masking research,but its mechanism is still controversial.This study studies the neural mechanism of informational masking effect from three factors,including similarity,uncertainty and intelligibility.

Voice recognition is a key skill for successful human communication,but patients with voice recog-nition defects often suffer from the inability to accurately identify the speaker's identity.Phonagnosia refers to the difficulty in identifying a speaker by voice alone when hearing ability is not impaired.From the perspective of brain injury,the symptoms can be divided into congenital phonagnosia and developmental phonagnosia,and congenital phonagnosia is related to the dysfunction of the functional connection between the temporal lobe and the amygdala.The damaged brain areas in patients with acquired speech recognition defect mainly include the temporal lobe and the frontal lobe.In the future,more attention should be paid to the screening methods,neural mechanisms and differ-ences between patients with speech recognition deficiency and other patients with hearing and cognitive impairment.

Objective To discuss the impact of repeated contrast media exposure on renal function in patients who received coronary angiography ( CAG) or percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI) within 1 week after CTA of coronary ateries. Methods A total of 258 patients who received CAG or PCI after coronary CTA were divided into the study group ( n=132, patients had CAG/PCI within 1 week after CTA) and the control group ( n=126, patients had CAG/PCI 1-2 weeks after CTA). Serum creatinine, cystatin C and estimated GFR were tested before and on day 1, 2 and 3 after procedures. The occurance of contrast-induced nephropathy ( CIN ) was recorded. Resu1ts The baseline clinical characteristics of the patients between the two groups had no significant difference. Preoperative and postoperative serum creatinine, cystatin C and eGFR values on day 1, 2 and 3 had no significant difference between the two groups (all P﹥0. 05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of CIN between two groups (5. 3% in the study group vs. 4. 8% in the control group, P﹥0. 05 ) . Conc1usions It is safe and feasible for patients with eGFR≥60 ml/( min?1. 73 m2 ) to undergo CAG or PCI within 1 week after coronary CTA.