Objective The purpose of this study is to observe the dynamic changes of host intestinal microflora during the evolution and development of the pathogenesis of"spleen qi deficiency syndrome-spleen yin deficiency syndrome",so as to explore its possible mechanism.Methods The rat model of spleen Qi deficiency syndrome was established by exhaustive swimming and improper diet rhythm.On this basis,the rat model of spleen-yin deficiency syndrome was established by combining the method of consuming yin fluid.Immune-associated cytokines were assessed using ELISA assay and altered composition and diversity in gut microbiota were observed via 16S rRNA sequencing analysis.Results Compared with the control group,sIgA,IL-4,IL-10 and TGF-β in the small intestine of the model group decreased,while IFN-γ and IL-17 levels increased(P<0.05,P<0.01).The changes of immune-related cytokines proved that the immune function of spleen deficiency rats was low.In addition,the intestinal flora structure of rats with spleen deficiency has also changed significantly.The proportion of Firmicutes and Bacteroides changed and the abundance of Proteobacteria increased.The abundance of some probiotics like Lactobacillus and Oscillospira decreased(P<0.01,P<0.05)while some pathogens like Clostridium,SMB53,Campylobacterales,Desulfovibrionales and Enterobacteriales increased(P<0.05).The characteristic changes of intestinal flora in spleen Qi deficiency stage were the abnormal increase of Allobaculum,Bifidobacterium,Prevotella and Adlercreutzia(P<0.01),while in spleen Yin deficiency stage was characterized by a significant increase in the abundance of Ruminococcus(P<0.05).Conclusion Spleen deficiency syndrome is closely related to the changes of intestinal microflora.The abundance of probiotics in the gut microbiota of rats with spleen deficiency syndrome decreased and the abundance of pathogenic bacteria increased.The gut microbiota changes dynamically in the development of spleen deficiency syndrome,which have their own characteristics in the spleen Qi deficiency and spleen Yin deficiency stage respectively.

With the development of society,the incidence of obesity has increased year by year in recent years,which has seriously jeopardized public health and safety,and has been a hot spot in the field of endocrine research.At the same time,obesity is also an important cause of a variety of metabolic diseases,such as metabolic syndrome,pre-diabetes,hypertension and polycystic ovary syndrome and other diseases,but the etiology and mechanism of obesity have not been completely clear,and basic research on obesity of traditional Chinese and western medicine still needs to be widely carried out.In this paper,animal models of obesity and its complications will be comprehensively summarized,and the model principles will be elaborated in combination with TCM syndromes and western medicine mechanisms,and evaluate their merits and demerits,so as to provide references for the selection of reasonable animal models for relevant experimental studies of obesity.

Objective To systematically review and analyze the characteristics and current status of registered clinical trials on Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)for the prevention and treatment of overweight/obesity.Methods We conducted a comprehensive search of two primary clinical trial registration platforms,the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and ClinicalTrials.gov,to extract registered information on TCM interventions for overweight/obesity.The search period spanned from the establishment of each registry to December 31,2024.Statistical analysis was performed on the extracted registration data.Results A total of 226 clinical studies were included,with a cumulative sample size of 25165 participants.The annual registration volume exhibited a significant upward trend.The majority of studies were interventional in design,with primary outcome measures focusing on anthropometric and metabolic indicators.Notably,only two trials fully met the international standards for clinical trial registration as outlined by the World Health Organization(WHO).Conclusion A quality assessment of the overall registration data revealed that the quality of trial registrations remains suboptimal.Issues such as inadequate standardization,transparency,and comprehensiveness were identified.Additionally,the geographical distribution of registered trials was uneven,and there is an urgent need to refine outcome measures related to TCM syndrome differentiation.

Objective To address the challenges of constructing large language models for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)classics,which are complex and expensive to fine-tune,this study explores a lightweight fine-tuning method for such models,aiming to develop a question-answering model centered on TCM classics,particularly various editions of Shang Han Lun through the ages.Methods Dataset construction involved designing prompts to guide GPT-4 in generating Q&A pairs based on Shang Han Lun and integrating them with the ShenNong_TCM_Dataset and cMedQA2 datasets.Five general-purpose large models were selected for Lora fine-tuning.The best model was chosen through evaluation,and the performance of multiple quantized versions was validated.Results After fine-tuning,the BLEU,ROUGE-1,ROUGE-2,and ROUGE-L metrics for the Qwen-7B-Chat model improved by 17.61,19.63,14.3,and 21.4,respectively,compared to the base model.Conclusion The selected model in this study is capable of effectively understanding and utilizing professional terms and concepts from TCM classics,such as Shang Han Lun,to provide accurate answers to user queries.Compared to similar models,it requires lower fine-tuning costs and computational power,contributing to the dissemination of TCM knowledge and the development of intelligent systems.

Objective To systematically review and analyze the characteristics and current status of registered clinical trials on Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)for the prevention and treatment of overweight/obesity.Methods We conducted a comprehensive search of two primary clinical trial registration platforms,the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and ClinicalTrials.gov,to extract registered information on TCM interventions for overweight/obesity.The search period spanned from the establishment of each registry to December 31,2024.Statistical analysis was performed on the extracted registration data.Results A total of 226 clinical studies were included,with a cumulative sample size of 25165 participants.The annual registration volume exhibited a significant upward trend.The majority of studies were interventional in design,with primary outcome measures focusing on anthropometric and metabolic indicators.Notably,only two trials fully met the international standards for clinical trial registration as outlined by the World Health Organization(WHO).Conclusion A quality assessment of the overall registration data revealed that the quality of trial registrations remains suboptimal.Issues such as inadequate standardization,transparency,and comprehensiveness were identified.Additionally,the geographical distribution of registered trials was uneven,and there is an urgent need to refine outcome measures related to TCM syndrome differentiation.

Objective The purpose of this study is to observe the dynamic changes of host intestinal microflora during the evolution and development of the pathogenesis of"spleen qi deficiency syndrome-spleen yin deficiency syndrome",so as to explore its possible mechanism.Methods The rat model of spleen Qi deficiency syndrome was established by exhaustive swimming and improper diet rhythm.On this basis,the rat model of spleen-yin deficiency syndrome was established by combining the method of consuming yin fluid.Immune-associated cytokines were assessed using ELISA assay and altered composition and diversity in gut microbiota were observed via 16S rRNA sequencing analysis.Results Compared with the control group,sIgA,IL-4,IL-10 and TGF-β in the small intestine of the model group decreased,while IFN-γ and IL-17 levels increased(P<0.05,P<0.01).The changes of immune-related cytokines proved that the immune function of spleen deficiency rats was low.In addition,the intestinal flora structure of rats with spleen deficiency has also changed significantly.The proportion of Firmicutes and Bacteroides changed and the abundance of Proteobacteria increased.The abundance of some probiotics like Lactobacillus and Oscillospira decreased(P<0.01,P<0.05)while some pathogens like Clostridium,SMB53,Campylobacterales,Desulfovibrionales and Enterobacteriales increased(P<0.05).The characteristic changes of intestinal flora in spleen Qi deficiency stage were the abnormal increase of Allobaculum,Bifidobacterium,Prevotella and Adlercreutzia(P<0.01),while in spleen Yin deficiency stage was characterized by a significant increase in the abundance of Ruminococcus(P<0.05).Conclusion Spleen deficiency syndrome is closely related to the changes of intestinal microflora.The abundance of probiotics in the gut microbiota of rats with spleen deficiency syndrome decreased and the abundance of pathogenic bacteria increased.The gut microbiota changes dynamically in the development of spleen deficiency syndrome,which have their own characteristics in the spleen Qi deficiency and spleen Yin deficiency stage respectively.

Objective To address the challenges of constructing large language models for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)classics,which are complex and expensive to fine-tune,this study explores a lightweight fine-tuning method for such models,aiming to develop a question-answering model centered on TCM classics,particularly various editions of Shang Han Lun through the ages.Methods Dataset construction involved designing prompts to guide GPT-4 in generating Q&A pairs based on Shang Han Lun and integrating them with the ShenNong_TCM_Dataset and cMedQA2 datasets.Five general-purpose large models were selected for Lora fine-tuning.The best model was chosen through evaluation,and the performance of multiple quantized versions was validated.Results After fine-tuning,the BLEU,ROUGE-1,ROUGE-2,and ROUGE-L metrics for the Qwen-7B-Chat model improved by 17.61,19.63,14.3,and 21.4,respectively,compared to the base model.Conclusion The selected model in this study is capable of effectively understanding and utilizing professional terms and concepts from TCM classics,such as Shang Han Lun,to provide accurate answers to user queries.Compared to similar models,it requires lower fine-tuning costs and computational power,contributing to the dissemination of TCM knowledge and the development of intelligent systems.

The intestinal mucosal barrier is closely associated with the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).It plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the internal environment and resisting pathogenic invasion by regulating the metabolic homeostasis,immune response,and microbial-host interactions in the human body.According to recent studies,intestinal mucosal barrier dysregulation may constitute a key link in the pathogenesis of T2DM.Herein,we systematically reviewed the mechanisms by which intestinal mucosal barrier damage contributes to the onset of T2DM and the latest advances in modern medical intervention strategies.We also discussed and summarized the latest research findings on using traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)to regulate the intestinal mucosal barrier in the management of T2DM.Currently,the causal relationship and mechanisms linking intestinal mucosal barrier damage to the onset of T2DM remain unclear,and systematic research on the synergistic regulatory mechanisms of approaches integrating TCM and Western medicine is lacking.The approach to manage T2DM through the integration of TCM and Western medicine can provide insights and basis from multiple aspects,such as TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment,balancing drug properties,and multi-targeted therapy.In the future,we should fully leverage the advantages of integrated TCM and Western medicine in treating T2DM and conduct in-depth research focused on the intestinal mucosal barrier,thereby informing evidence-based clinical applications.

With the development of society,the incidence of obesity has increased year by year in recent years,which has seriously jeopardized public health and safety,and has been a hot spot in the field of endocrine research.At the same time,obesity is also an important cause of a variety of metabolic diseases,such as metabolic syndrome,pre-diabetes,hypertension and polycystic ovary syndrome and other diseases,but the etiology and mechanism of obesity have not been completely clear,and basic research on obesity of traditional Chinese and western medicine still needs to be widely carried out.In this paper,animal models of obesity and its complications will be comprehensively summarized,and the model principles will be elaborated in combination with TCM syndromes and western medicine mechanisms,and evaluate their merits and demerits,so as to provide references for the selection of reasonable animal models for relevant experimental studies of obesity.

Objective To explore the relevant relationship and specificity between the implicit and explicit loyalty of military cadets in order to provide a theoretical basis and objective indicators for a more comprehensive and objective assessment for individual loyalty.Methods E-Prime 2.0,a classic implicit association paradigm was employed to construct an implicit association loyalty test for 64 military cadets.Simultaneously,an explicit loyalty measurement was conducted using the Chinese Military Personnel Loyalty Scale.Results ① Significant implicit effect was observed in the loyalty assessment of military cadets,indicating a general tendency to perceive higher levels of personal loyalty and lower levels of loyalty to external entities.② Explicit loyalty assessment revealed that the participants had the highest loyalty score towards the Party,the Nation,and the People(4.79±0.34),followed by the loyalty score to their profession(4.38±0.53),and the relatively lower loyalty score towards the unit and leaders(4.03±0.83).Among the 3 dimensions of loyalty,the normative loyalty score ranked highest,while continuance loyalty score took lower.③ There were no correlations among the scores of loyalty to the Party,the Nation,and the People(r=-0.030,P=0.823),to the profession(r=-0.047,P=0.728),to the unit(r=0.050,P=0.710),or to the leaders(r=0.043,P=0.749).Conclusion The implicit effect in the loyalty assessment is significant in military cadets,and there is no significant correlation between explicit and implicit loyalty measurements.Thus,we cannot rely solely on explicit measurements to assess their loyalty attitudes.