Objective To explore the expression levels and clinical significance of serum angiopoietin-like protein 8(ANGPTL8),cardiotrophin like cytokine factor 1(CLCF-1)in patients with primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS).Methods 124 patients with PNS admitted to Yulin Hospital,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2020 to February 2023 were selected as the PNS group,and 60 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected as the control group.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect serum levels of ANGPTL8 and CLCF-1.The correlation between serum ANGPTL8,CLCF-1 and renal function indicators were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors on the prognosis of PNS patients.The evaluation value of serum ANGPTL8 and CLCF-1 was analyzed by analyzing receiver operating characteristic curve.Results The serum ANGPTL8(22.16±3.27 μg/L),CLCF-1(89.71±11.04 ng/L),24-hour urine protein(5.79±1.45g/24h),blood urea nitrogen(10.20±1.41mmol/L)and blood creatinine(191.44±21.52μmol/L)in the PNS group were higher than those in the control group(3.08±0.46μg/L,14.20±3.78ng/L,0.09±0.03 g/24h,4.88±1.21mmol/L,70.34±11.26μmol/L),while blood albumin was lower than those in the control group(25.06±2.80g/L vs 42.11±3.37g/L),and the differences were statistically significant(t=25.088～51.109,all P＜0.001).Serum ANGPTL8 and CLCF-1 were positively correlated with 24-hour urine protein,blood urea nitrogen and blood creatinine(r=0.636～0.789,all P＜0.001),while negatively correlated with blood albumin(r=-0.712,-0.689,all P＜0.001).Compared with the good outcome group,the PNS patients in the poor outcome group had higher serum ANGPTL8,CLCF-1,while lower IgA,and the differences were statistically significant(t=24.403,12.455,5.974,all P＜0.001).Serum ANGPTL8,CLCF-1 were risk factors affecting the outcome of PNS patients,while IgA was a protective factor(Wald χ2=14.354,15.666,10.847,all P＜0.001).The AUC(95%CI)of the combined evaluation of serum ANGPTL8 and CLCF-1 for the outcome of PNS patients which was higher than that of serum ANGPTL8 and CLCF-1,and the differences were statistically significant(Z=4.265,4.810,all P＜0.001).Conclusion The expression of serum ANGPTL8 and CLCF-1 are elevated in PNS patients,which are related to renal function indicators.The combination of the two has high evaluation value for evaluating the prognosis of PNS patients.

Objective To explore the expression levels and clinical significance of serum angiopoietin-like protein 8(ANGPTL8),cardiotrophin like cytokine factor 1(CLCF-1)in patients with primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS).Methods 124 patients with PNS admitted to Yulin Hospital,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2020 to February 2023 were selected as the PNS group,and 60 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected as the control group.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect serum levels of ANGPTL8 and CLCF-1.The correlation between serum ANGPTL8,CLCF-1 and renal function indicators were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors on the prognosis of PNS patients.The evaluation value of serum ANGPTL8 and CLCF-1 was analyzed by analyzing receiver operating characteristic curve.Results The serum ANGPTL8(22.16±3.27 μg/L),CLCF-1(89.71±11.04 ng/L),24-hour urine protein(5.79±1.45g/24h),blood urea nitrogen(10.20±1.41mmol/L)and blood creatinine(191.44±21.52μmol/L)in the PNS group were higher than those in the control group(3.08±0.46μg/L,14.20±3.78ng/L,0.09±0.03 g/24h,4.88±1.21mmol/L,70.34±11.26μmol/L),while blood albumin was lower than those in the control group(25.06±2.80g/L vs 42.11±3.37g/L),and the differences were statistically significant(t=25.088～51.109,all P＜0.001).Serum ANGPTL8 and CLCF-1 were positively correlated with 24-hour urine protein,blood urea nitrogen and blood creatinine(r=0.636～0.789,all P＜0.001),while negatively correlated with blood albumin(r=-0.712,-0.689,all P＜0.001).Compared with the good outcome group,the PNS patients in the poor outcome group had higher serum ANGPTL8,CLCF-1,while lower IgA,and the differences were statistically significant(t=24.403,12.455,5.974,all P＜0.001).Serum ANGPTL8,CLCF-1 were risk factors affecting the outcome of PNS patients,while IgA was a protective factor(Wald χ2=14.354,15.666,10.847,all P＜0.001).The AUC(95%CI)of the combined evaluation of serum ANGPTL8 and CLCF-1 for the outcome of PNS patients which was higher than that of serum ANGPTL8 and CLCF-1,and the differences were statistically significant(Z=4.265,4.810,all P＜0.001).Conclusion The expression of serum ANGPTL8 and CLCF-1 are elevated in PNS patients,which are related to renal function indicators.The combination of the two has high evaluation value for evaluating the prognosis of PNS patients.

Objective To investigate the expression of serum levels of small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2(SMAD2)and tumor necrosis factor receptor-related associated factor 3(TRAF3)in patients with lupus nephritis(LN)and their correlation with prognosis.Methods A total of 150 patients with LN(LN group)and 80 patients with systemic lupus erythema-tosus(SLE)without nephritis(non-LN group)treated at Yulin Hospital,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2021 to March 2023 were selected.Patients with LN were followed up for 1 year and divided into the poor progno-sis group(n=61)and the good prognosis group(n=89).Serum levels of SMAD2 and TRAF3 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Multivariate unconditional logistic regression was used to identify factors affecting poor progno-sis in LN patients,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were constructed to evaluate the predictive efficacy of se-rum SMAD2 and TRAF3 levels for LN prognosis.Results Compared with the non-LN group,serum SMAD2(5.34±1.16ng/ml vs 2.98±1.11ng/ml)and TRAF3(91.23±12.58ng/L vs 74.38±11.91ng/L)levels were significantly elevated in the LN group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=14.917,9.852,all P＜0.05).During the 1-year follow-up,the incidence of poor prognosis among the 150 LN patients was 40.67%(61/150).Compared with the good prognosis group,serum SMAD2(6.03±1.02ng/ml vs 4.86±1.00ng/ml)and TRAF3(98.65±10.49ng/L vs 86.15±11.35ng/L)levels were significantly higher in the poor prognosis group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=7.015,6.830,all P＜0.05).The independent risk factors for poor prognosis in LN patients were advanced chronic kidney disease stage,elevated SMAD2 and elevated TRAF3,while the independent protective factor was increased estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)(Wald χ2=9.633～16.666,all P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of predicting poor prognosis in LN patients by serum SMAD2 and TRAF3 levels was larger than that predicted by serum SMAD2 alone and TRAF3 levels alone,and the differences were statistically significant(Z=3.658,3.606,all P＜0.05).Conclusion Elevated serum SMAD2 and TRAF3 levels in LN patients are closely associated with poor prognosis.The combination of serum SMAD2 and TRAF3 levels has high predictive efficacy for poor prognosis in LN patients.

Objective To investigate the expression of serum levels of small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2(SMAD2)and tumor necrosis factor receptor-related associated factor 3(TRAF3)in patients with lupus nephritis(LN)and their correlation with prognosis.Methods A total of 150 patients with LN(LN group)and 80 patients with systemic lupus erythema-tosus(SLE)without nephritis(non-LN group)treated at Yulin Hospital,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2021 to March 2023 were selected.Patients with LN were followed up for 1 year and divided into the poor progno-sis group(n=61)and the good prognosis group(n=89).Serum levels of SMAD2 and TRAF3 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Multivariate unconditional logistic regression was used to identify factors affecting poor progno-sis in LN patients,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were constructed to evaluate the predictive efficacy of se-rum SMAD2 and TRAF3 levels for LN prognosis.Results Compared with the non-LN group,serum SMAD2(5.34±1.16ng/ml vs 2.98±1.11ng/ml)and TRAF3(91.23±12.58ng/L vs 74.38±11.91ng/L)levels were significantly elevated in the LN group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=14.917,9.852,all P＜0.05).During the 1-year follow-up,the incidence of poor prognosis among the 150 LN patients was 40.67%(61/150).Compared with the good prognosis group,serum SMAD2(6.03±1.02ng/ml vs 4.86±1.00ng/ml)and TRAF3(98.65±10.49ng/L vs 86.15±11.35ng/L)levels were significantly higher in the poor prognosis group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=7.015,6.830,all P＜0.05).The independent risk factors for poor prognosis in LN patients were advanced chronic kidney disease stage,elevated SMAD2 and elevated TRAF3,while the independent protective factor was increased estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)(Wald χ2=9.633～16.666,all P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of predicting poor prognosis in LN patients by serum SMAD2 and TRAF3 levels was larger than that predicted by serum SMAD2 alone and TRAF3 levels alone,and the differences were statistically significant(Z=3.658,3.606,all P＜0.05).Conclusion Elevated serum SMAD2 and TRAF3 levels in LN patients are closely associated with poor prognosis.The combination of serum SMAD2 and TRAF3 levels has high predictive efficacy for poor prognosis in LN patients.