Objective To evaluate the role of tumor budding in the prognostic value of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC) after radical resection.Methods The clinicopathological data of patients undergoing radical resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma between 2011 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.The number of tumor budding was counted in a ×200 microscopic field (0.785mm2).Based on receiver operation curve (ROC),the number of tumor budding ≥ 15 was defined as high-grade group,and ＜ 15 was low-grade group.Multivariate analysis were performed on predictors of the tumor.Results Low-grade group was observed in 32 cases and high-grade group in 50.High-grade group appeared to develop tumors with higher CA199,poor differentiation,larger tumor diameter,advanced stage and high risks of lymphnode metastasis (respectively x2 =5.470,4.359,5.101,4.696,5.960,all P ＜ 0.05).Univariate analysis showed that tumor budding,CA199,differentiation,tumor diameter,T classification and lymphnode metastasis were related to the overall survival of patients with ICC (respectively x2 =11.704,4.876,5.056,5.152,8.442,16.725,all P ＜ 0.05).On multivariable analysis,high-grade group was a significant independent predictor of worse OS (HR =2.707 95％ CI 1.558-4.705,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions High-grade tumor budding is an important negative prognostic factor for ICC.

Objective To conduct physical performance test of naval aviators,so as to understand its current status,and propose solutions to existing problems.Methods Physical performance test was performed in 95 naval aviators who were divided by age into group 1 (age between 25 and 29),group 2 (age between 30 and 34),group 3 (age between 35 and 39) and group 4 (age between 40 and 44).Then,analyses and comparisons of the obtained data were made accordingly.Results Body fat percentage of group 1 and 2 was significantly lower than that of group 4(P ＜ 0.05),and the body mass index and body fat percentage of group 3 and 4 were higher than the normal level.There were no significant differences in vital capacity and step index between the groups.The vital capacity of the aviators was higher than that of the ordinary people,however,there were no significant differences in the level of the step index,as compared with that of the ordinary people.There were no significant differences in the data of grip strength,push-ups,single-leg standing with eyes closed,when comparisons were made between the groups,and they all were higher than those of the ordinary people.The average value of the back strength of the aviators was lower than that of the ordinary people.Vertical jump levels of group 1 and 2 were significantly higher than that of group 3 (P ＜ 0.05).The seated flexion of group 1 was significantly higher than that of group 3 (P ＜ 0.05),and the selective response time of group 1 was significantly higher than that of group 43 (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions (1) The average data of BMI and body fat for the naval aviators witb an age over 35 were excessive,and measures should be taken to control diet and intensify physical exercise.(2) Naval aviators should pay attention to cardiopulmonary tolerance training,so as to improve tolerance capability.(3) Efforts should also be made on the part of naval aviators to intensify training on the lower back muscle strength and avoid occurrence of lower back injury.(4) Naval aviators with an age over 35 should pay more attention to physical performance training,improve physical capacity and delay decline of athletic ability.

Objective To conduct physical performance test of naval aviators,so as to understand its current status,and propose solutions to existing problems.Methods Physical performance test was performed in 95 naval aviators who were divided by age into group 1 (age between 25 and 29),group 2 (age between 30 and 34),group 3 (age between 35 and 39) and group 4 (age between 40 and 44).Then,analyses and comparisons of the obtained data were made accordingly.Results Body fat percentage of group 1 and 2 was significantly lower than that of group 4(P ＜ 0.05),and the body mass index and body fat percentage of group 3 and 4 were higher than the normal level.There were no significant differences in vital capacity and step index between the groups.The vital capacity of the aviators was higher than that of the ordinary people,however,there were no significant differences in the level of the step index,as compared with that of the ordinary people.There were no significant differences in the data of grip strength,push-ups,single-leg standing with eyes closed,when comparisons were made between the groups,and they all were higher than those of the ordinary people.The average value of the back strength of the aviators was lower than that of the ordinary people.Vertical jump levels of group 1 and 2 were significantly higher than that of group 3 (P ＜ 0.05).The seated flexion of group 1 was significantly higher than that of group 3 (P ＜ 0.05),and the selective response time of group 1 was significantly higher than that of group 43 (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions (1) The average data of BMI and body fat for the naval aviators witb an age over 35 were excessive,and measures should be taken to control diet and intensify physical exercise.(2) Naval aviators should pay attention to cardiopulmonary tolerance training,so as to improve tolerance capability.(3) Efforts should also be made on the part of naval aviators to intensify training on the lower back muscle strength and avoid occurrence of lower back injury.(4) Naval aviators with an age over 35 should pay more attention to physical performance training,improve physical capacity and delay decline of athletic ability.

Objective To observe the effect of a repeated-sprint training on the speed-endurance of basketball players in a hypoxia environment.Methods Sixteen basketball players were divided into a hypoxiagroup and a normoxia group which had 8 persons each group.The 2 groups separatelyhad a repeated-sprint training with anaerobic power bicycles in a simulatedhypoxic environment at the altitude of 3000 meters and a normoxia environment for 4 weeks(twice a week).Before and after the training,the two groups of subjects had a shuttle run testing and a Wingateanaerobic powertestingin a normoxia environment.Then their blood were collected and measured the blood lactate level at the point-intime of after the shuttle run,3 min later,5 min later,7 min later,and 9 min later.Recorded the result of the shuttle run,the relative average power of the Wingateanaerobic powertesting,and carried on a statistic analysis of the data.Results Comparing with the performance of the shuttle run before the training,the performance of the 2 groups was improved obviously after the four-week-long training (P＜0.05).But there was no significant difference between the 2 groups(P＞0.05).The rate of blood lacticacid clearance in the hypoxia group was higher than that in the normoxia group,and there was a significant difference at 7 min (P＜0.01).The relative average power of the hypoxia group had a significant improvement(P＜0.05),while the normoxia group had no significant change(P＞0.05).There was no significant difference of the relative average power between the two groups.Conclusion Repeatedsprint training can improve basketball players' speed-endurance.Repeated-sprint training in a hypoxic environment can effectively improve basketball players' ability of reducing blood lactate in their body,and the improvement of this aerobic ability can help athletes to have a better performance in competitions.

Objective To test the back muscle strength of the naval aviators during rehabilitation,so as to know the current status and develop methods for the solution of the problem.Methods Back muscle strength was tested in 138 pilots,who were divided by age into 4 groups:i.e.group 1 with an age range of 20 -24 years old,group 2 with an age range of 25-29 years old,group 3 with an age range of 30-34 years old and group 4 with an age range of 35-39 years old.Then,the data of the back muscle strength of the 4 groups were analyzed and compared.Results The back muscle strength of group 1 [(116.0 ± 16.9) kg] was significantly higher than that of group 3 (104.9 ± 22.8 kg).Conclusions The back muscle strength of naval aviators dropped with the increase of age,therefore,efforts should be made to intensify training on back muscle strength.

Objective To investigate and compare the physical fitness status between the navy divers and aviators,who stayed in the sanatoriun for refreshment,and also to explore the differences in the physical fitness of different naval special service personnel.Methods Physical fitness tests were performed by using the methods specified in the " National Physical Measurement Standards Handbook ".Results In the morphological indicators such as height and body mass index (BMI),the average height of the naval aviators was 174.23 cm,which was significantly superior to that of the divers (169.33 cm),and statistical significance could be seen when comparisons were made between them (P ＜ 0.05).In the test of body function index,the vital capacity test results of the aviators (4 334.04 ml) were apparently better than those of the divers (4 105.04 ml),and statistical significance could be noted when comparisons were made between them (P ＜0.01).Step test results of the aviators were also superior to those of the divers,also with statistical significance (P ＜0.05).In such physical fitness indicators as jumping and systemic reactions,the test results of the aviators were also significantly superior to those of the divers,and statistical significance could be found when comparisons were made between them (P ＜ 0.001).However,there was no statistical significance in other physical fitness indicators.Conclusions The physical fitness test results of the naval aviators were on the whole good.To improve the health status of the divers,physical fitness training should be intensified for divers.

Objective To test the back muscle strength of the naval aviators during rehabilitation,so as to know the current status and develop methods for the solution of the problem.Methods Back muscle strength was tested in 138 pilots,who were divided by age into 4 groups:i.e.group 1 with an age range of 20 -24 years old,group 2 with an age range of 25-29 years old,group 3 with an age range of 30-34 years old and group 4 with an age range of 35-39 years old.Then,the data of the back muscle strength of the 4 groups were analyzed and compared.Results The back muscle strength of group 1 [(116.0 ± 16.9) kg] was significantly higher than that of group 3 (104.9 ± 22.8 kg).Conclusions The back muscle strength of naval aviators dropped with the increase of age,therefore,efforts should be made to intensify training on back muscle strength.

Objective To investigate and compare the physical fitness status between the navy divers and aviators,who stayed in the sanatoriun for refreshment,and also to explore the differences in the physical fitness of different naval special service personnel.Methods Physical fitness tests were performed by using the methods specified in the " National Physical Measurement Standards Handbook ".Results In the morphological indicators such as height and body mass index (BMI),the average height of the naval aviators was 174.23 cm,which was significantly superior to that of the divers (169.33 cm),and statistical significance could be seen when comparisons were made between them (P ＜ 0.05).In the test of body function index,the vital capacity test results of the aviators (4 334.04 ml) were apparently better than those of the divers (4 105.04 ml),and statistical significance could be noted when comparisons were made between them (P ＜0.01).Step test results of the aviators were also superior to those of the divers,also with statistical significance (P ＜0.05).In such physical fitness indicators as jumping and systemic reactions,the test results of the aviators were also significantly superior to those of the divers,and statistical significance could be found when comparisons were made between them (P ＜ 0.001).However,there was no statistical significance in other physical fitness indicators.Conclusions The physical fitness test results of the naval aviators were on the whole good.To improve the health status of the divers,physical fitness training should be intensified for divers.

Objective To explore the change of sexual life quality and its influencing factors of premenopausal breast cancer patients.Methods 94 premenopausal breast cancer patients were included. Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire short-form (CSFQ-14) was used and part of its items was changed. Their sexual life was evaluated before and after treatment by using depth interview and anonymous methods. Results 94 cases received face-to-face communication and study. 88 (93.6%) questionnaires were received, in which 81 (92.1%) questionnaires were effective. Their sexual life quality and sexual satisfaction significantly decreased and there was significant difference in the CSFQ-14 score (P<0.001) before and after treatment. The ratio of bad, worse, and worst sexual life were 39.5%, 29.6%, and 14.8% respectively after treatment. 65.4% of the patients had no sexual activity. The reasons included medical related factors, fear of cancer metastasis and recurrence, physical discomfort, poorer body image, partner sexual attitudes changed, life stress, common psychological problems, traditional ideas and so on. Conclusion Sexual dysfunction was obvious and sexual life quality significantly decreased in premenopausal breast cancer patients after treatment. Patients' physical and mental damage, the change of body image and spouse's attitude are significant influencing factors. It is necessary to give sexual rehabilitation guidance to patients and their spouses.

Objective To summarize the clinical and pathological characteristics of primary gallbladder carcinoma, analyze factors such as surgical procedures, tumor stages that associated with prognosis, and standardize the diagnosis and treatment strategy for primary gallbladder carcinoma.Methods From January 1986 to October 2009, 197 patients of primary gallbladder carcinoma were treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH). A retrospective study was performed basing on clinical data of these patients, statistical analysis carried out using SPSS version 13.0, Kaplan-Meier estimate employed for the survival analysis and Log-rank test for the group comparisons. Results One hundred and ninety-seven patients were enrolled (73 male and 124 female) with the mean age of 64.4±1.1years. Abdominal pain (77.3%) , obstructive jaundice (33.6%) and fever (19.5%) were the main symptoms of primary gallbladder carcinoma, with accompanying cholecystolithiasis in 99 cases. B-mode ultrasonic examination and CT scan were important for preoperative diagnosis. Nevin stages and surgical modalities were independent prognosis factors. For stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ patients the survival terms were not different between those receiving radical cholecystectomy and simple cholecystectomy. However, for stage Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ patients the survival terms were of statistically different between those in radical cholecystectomy group and simple cholecystectomy group. Conclusions For stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ patients, simple cholecystectomy is a good surgical procedure. For those at more advanced stages, radical cholecystectomy is the choice of therapy, while simple cholecystectomy also improves the prognosis compared with laparotomy only.