This study explores the potential antiepileptic mechanism of ursolic acid(UA)and its improvement of GABAergic interneuron damage induced by epilepsy based on transcriptome analysis.Hippocampal tissues from rats in the control group(NC group),epilepsy group(SE group),and epilepsy UA treatment group(UA group)were subjected to full-length transcriptome sequencing.The obtained sequencing data were analyzed,using gene ontology(GO),the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG),and protein-protein interaction(PPI)to perform the analysis of differential genes(DEGs).The expression levels of key differential genes were verified using RT-qPCR in hippocampal tissue.Finally,an epilepsy in vitro model was constructed on primary neurons,RT-qPCR was used to verify the expression levels of key differential genes,and the expression level of GABAA receptor γ2 subunit(GABRG2)on neurons was further examined using immunofluorescence and Western blot.The heatmap of pairwise sample expression correlation and the clustering analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that the SE group was farthest from the NC group,and that after UA treatment,the overall trend shifted towards the normal group.Compared with the SE group,a total of 220 differential genes were screened in the UA group,including 143 upregulated genes and 77 downregulated genes.GO enrichment analysis showed that it involved three processes in the primary classification:biological processes,cellular components,and molecular functions.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were involved in 36 biological pathways,including cAMP signaling pathway and calcium signaling pathway.PPI analysis showed that DEGs were closely related to GABA and inflammation.RT-qPCR results showed that UA treatment increased the expression levels of GABA receptor-related gene(Gng4),GABA synthesis-related gene(Camk2a,Vgf,and Npy)and inflammation-related gene(Timp1 and Spp1)in hippocampal tissue,and decreased the expression levels of GABA synthesis-related gene(Nptx2)and cAMP-related pathway gene(Gnas).It further confirmed that UA treatment increased the expression levels of Gng4 and Camk2a on neurons and decreased the expression level of Gnas.Immunofluorescence and Western blot results showed that,compared with the SE group,the expression level of GABRG2 on primary neurons increased after UA treatment.This study enriched the transcriptome data of UA's antiepileptic effect and laid a theoretical foundation for further research on UA's antiepileptic and neuroprotective effects.

Objective:To improve a device and fixation method for ventricular catheterization in rats,which is mini-mally invasive,has a short stress period,and allows delayed drug administration or cerebrospinal fluid collection.Methods:Healthy adult male SD rats were divided into a Regular method group,Modified method group and Control group.In the Regular method group,commercially available cannula needles with internal cores were used for catheter-ization,fixed to the skull using dental cement along with fixing screws;in Modified method group an improved catheter-ization device was used along with its corresponding fixation technique;no treatment was given in Control group.Senso-ry function and motor function of rats were assessed by using hot plate test and footprint analysis respectively at 4 and 7 days after insertion;HE staining was used to observe the damage of brain tissue around the needle tract at 7 days of catheterization,and immunofluorescence staining was used to detect change in Iba-1 expression near the catheter needle tract.Results:The sensory and motor function impairments in the Modified method group were milder than those in the Regular method group(P＜0.05);HE staining showed that the needle tract in the Modified method group was signifi-cantly narrower than that in the Regular method group;immunofluorescence staining revealed a significantly higher num-ber of Iba-1 positive cells near the needle tract in the Regular method group compared to the Modified method group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The modified catheterization device and fixation method described in this article result in minimal brain injury,shorter stress period,and can be used for delayed intraventricular drug administration or cerebro-spinal fluid collection.

Objective:To improve a device and fixation method for ventricular catheterization in rats,which is mini-mally invasive,has a short stress period,and allows delayed drug administration or cerebrospinal fluid collection.Methods:Healthy adult male SD rats were divided into a Regular method group,Modified method group and Control group.In the Regular method group,commercially available cannula needles with internal cores were used for catheter-ization,fixed to the skull using dental cement along with fixing screws;in Modified method group an improved catheter-ization device was used along with its corresponding fixation technique;no treatment was given in Control group.Senso-ry function and motor function of rats were assessed by using hot plate test and footprint analysis respectively at 4 and 7 days after insertion;HE staining was used to observe the damage of brain tissue around the needle tract at 7 days of catheterization,and immunofluorescence staining was used to detect change in Iba-1 expression near the catheter needle tract.Results:The sensory and motor function impairments in the Modified method group were milder than those in the Regular method group(P＜0.05);HE staining showed that the needle tract in the Modified method group was signifi-cantly narrower than that in the Regular method group;immunofluorescence staining revealed a significantly higher num-ber of Iba-1 positive cells near the needle tract in the Regular method group compared to the Modified method group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The modified catheterization device and fixation method described in this article result in minimal brain injury,shorter stress period,and can be used for delayed intraventricular drug administration or cerebro-spinal fluid collection.

Since December 2019,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has been found to be the culprit in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19),causing a global pandemic.Despite the existence of many vaccine programs,the number of confirmed cases and fatalities due to COVID-19 is still increasing.Furthermore,a number of variants have been reported.Because of the absence of approved anti-coronavirus drugs,the treatment and management of COVID-19 has become a global challenge.Under these circumstances,drug repurposing is an effective method to identify candidate drugs with a shorter cycle of clinical trials.Here,we summarize the current status of the application of drug repurposing in COVID-19,including drug repurposing based on virtual computer screening,network pharmacology,and bioactivity,which may be a beneficial COVID-19 treatment.

Objective To study the effect of deep brain stimulation of subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) on non-motor symptoms (NMSs) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods Seventeen PD patients,admitted to and accepted bilateral STN-DBS in our hospital from 2012 to 2018,were chosen in our study.Unified Parkinson's Rating Scale (UPDRS) Ⅲ and Non-motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) were used to evaluate the motor symptoms and non-motor symptoms one week before and 12 months after surgery.The correlations of motor symptoms and non-motor symptoms with age and gender were analyzed.Results The UPDRS Ⅲ total scores of 17 patients were 33.48+10.00 one week before DBS and 10.59±6.70 one year after DBS,with statistically significant difference (P＜0.05).The NMSS total scores were 144.47±51.31 one week before DBS and 86.35±40.23 one year after DBS,with statistically significant difference (P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences in scores of sleep and fatigue,mental and behavioral abnormalities,sensory abnormality,cognitive impairment and constipation between one week before and one year after surgery (P＜0.05).NMSS scores showed no significant correlation with gender,but showed significant correlations with age,course of disease and Hoehn-Yahr grading (P＜0.05).Conclusion Bilateral STN-DBS can significantly improve some non-motor symptoms to a certain degree.

Objective To observe the effect of Ningxia aqueous extracts of fruitless lycium sprout (AEFLS) on cardiomyo cyte antioxidation and apoptosis-related protein expression in aging mice.Methods The natural aging C57BL/6J mice with 13 months old were randomly divided into aged control group,AEFLS low dose group (AEFLS1),AEFLS middle dose group (AEFLS2)and AEFLS high dose group(AEFLS3).The AEFLS1,AEFLS2 and AEFLS3 groups were respectively given with 5,10,20 mg/kg AEFLS gavage,while the aged control group was given with the normal saline gavage,for continuous8 weeks.The xan thine oxidase assay and thiobarbituric acid method were used for the determination of SOD and MDA in heart tissues.Western-blot and immunohistochemical method were used to detect the expressions of Bcl-2,Bax and Capase-3 in heart tissue.Results Compared with the aged control group,the MDA level in the AEFLS2 and AEFLS3 groups was decreased,while the SOD activity was increased,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.01).The Western-blot result showed that compared with the aged control group,the optical density value of Bcl-2 in the AEFLS2 and AEFLS3 groups was increased,but the optical density values of Bax and Capase-3 were decreased (P＜0.01);the immunohistochemical results showed that compared with the aged control group,the immunopositive(IP) expressions of Bcl-2 protein in heart tissues in the AEFLS2 and AEFLS3 groups were increased (P＜0.01),while the IP expressions of Bax and Capase-3 were decreased (P＜0.01).Conclusion Middle and high doses of AEFLS can increase the antioxidative ability of myocardial tissue,up-regulates the Bcl-2 expression,down-regulates the Bax and Capase-3 expressions and plays anti-cardiomyocyte apoptotic role.

Objective To explore the impact of early use of renal replacement therapy on the prognosis of severe acute pancreati-tis patients .Methods 60 cases of patients with severe acute pancreatitis were chosen between September 2015 and June 2016 in De-partment of General Surgery in our hospital ,and were randomly divided into treatment group (n=30) and control group (n=30) with the method of number table .The patients in the control group were treated with conventional therapy ,treatment group was given the early use of renal replacement therapy (within 12 h after onset) .The scores of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health E-valuation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) ,partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2 ) ,oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2 ) ,lactate (Lac) ,C-reactive protein (CRP) ,interleukin 1 (IL-1 ) ,and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels before treatment ,12 h ,24 h ,48 h and 72 h after treatment were com-pared between two groups ,and the incidence of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) was compared as well .Results The difference of the indicators before treatment between two groups was not significant different (P>0 .05);the scores of APACHEⅡ ,PaO2 ,PaO2/FiO2 and Lac levels at 12 h ,24 h ,48 h and 72 h after treatment in treatment group were all lower than those in con-trol group ,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05);CRP ,IL-1 and IL-6 levels at 24 h ,48 h and 72 h after treat-ment in treatment group were lower than those in control group ,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .In the control group ,5 cases had ACS ,the incidence rate was 16 .7% ,and there was no case having ACS in treatment group and the differ-ence was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The early application of renal replacement therapy can effectively improve the physiological indexes of patients with severe acute pancreatitis ,inhibit the inflammatory response rapidly ,reduce damage to the abdominal organs ,and is worthy of promotion and application in clinical practice .

Objective To study the clinical significance of monitoring the urine iodine level in pregnant women.Methods The urine iodine levels were detected in 391 cases of pregnant women.The relativity was analyzed among the pregnancy gestation,pregnancy complications and the urine iodine levels.The corresponding health educa-tion of iodine nutritional knowledge was conducted according to the results of the determination.Results (1 )The urine iodine value was (124.73 ±70.61)μg/L in 391 pregnant women.The severe deficiency iodine rate,deficiency iodine rate and appropriate iodine rate of pregnant women were 37.85%,64.70% and 25.06%,respectively.(2) There was no significant difference in values of urine iodine among the pregnant women during the first,second and third trimester of pregnancy[(121.76 ±71.81)μg/L,(125.52 ±69.28)μg/L,(129.30 ±75.19)μg/L](t≤0.59, all P >0.05).The mean values were all lower than the appropriate values of WHO(150 ~249 μg/L).The low iodine rates were 67.20%,63.23% and 65.12%,respectively.There was no significant difference among them(χ2 =0.56, P >0.05 ).(3 )The urine iodine value of the pregnant women complicated with hyperthyroidism [(85.76 ± 53.09)μg/L]was significantly lower than that of primary hypothyroidism combined with pregnancy [(133.65 ± 73.41)μg/L],pregnancy combined with subclinical hypothyroidism[(136.50 ±79.19)μg/L]and no pregnancy complication[(119.34 ±66.43)μg/L](t≥2.76,P <0.01).The rate of iodine deficiency(87.88%)was highest (χ2 =8.72,P <0.05).(4)The urine iodine value after iodine nutrition intervention was significantly higher than those before in 77 pregnant women[(129.74 ±68.04)μg/L vs.(107.01 ±74.36)μg/L,t =1.98,P <0.05].The iodine deficiency rate dropped from 79.22% to 63.64%(χ2 =4.58,P <0.05).Conclusion In order to improve the appropriate iodine rate of pregnant women,it should be very important significance on monitoring the urine iodine level of pregnant women in particular with a complication of pregnancy and conducting iodine nutrition intervention in whole pregnancy gestation.

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude and behavior on blood lipid among people in Changsha and to provide evidences for prevention and control of blood lipid abnormality. Methods: A total of 400 cases were randomly selected on the questionnaire of the knowledge, attitude and behavior on blood lipid in ordinary adults who participate in health examination in Xiangya Hospital. Blood lipid related physical examination was conducted at the same time. hTe health examination participants were divided into several groups according to their sex, age, degree of education, marriage and family income. The influential factors for knowledge, attitude and behavior were analyzed. Results: hTe knowledge score of blood lipid for health examination participants was 18.33±8.67 (total score 37), the attitude score was 6.63±2.45 (total score 9) and the behavior score was 8.32±2.65 (total score 16). hTe scores of female was higher than that of male in the terms of knowledge and behavior (bothP<0.05); the scores in the 40–49 age group were lower than those in the other age groups (all P<0.05); the scores in the junior high school group were lower than those in the other education groups (allP<0.05); the scores in the family group with less than 2 000 yuan income were lower than those in other family groups with different income (allP<0.05). The multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that: 1) the knowledge on blood lipid score was inlfuenced by ages and education background (bothP<0.05); 2) while the attitude of blood lipid was inlfuenced by four factors such as education background, systemic blood pressure, blood sugar and triglyceride(allP<0.05); 3) the behavior on blood lipid was inlfuenced by ifve factors such education background, triglyceride, systemic blood pressure, blood sugar and ages (allP<0.05). Conclusion: The knowledge, attitude and behavior on blood lipid among health examination participants were mostly influenced by education background, gender and ages. Thus, clinical medical staff should prevent the blood lipid abnormality through the health education and improve the knowledge in normal people. hTe group of 40–49 age male should be thought as the primary intervention subjects. hTe knowledge, attitude and behavior on blood lipid among the general population is also related to individual’s blood pressure, blood sugar and triglyceride. So the clinical medical staff should also improve the knowledge of blood lipid, blood pressure and blood sugar in general population for improving their attitude and unhealthy habits. In addition, the active control of blood sugar and blood pressure can enhance the overall health status of the general population.

To improve 3-ketosteroid-△1-dehydrogenase (KSDH) activity and the transformation level for androst-4-ene-3,17-dione,3-ketosteroid-△1 -dehydrogenase gene (ksdD) from Arthrobacter simplex was cloned into plasmid pWB980 and expressed in B. subtilis WB600 under the control of promoter P43. The molecular weight of expressed enzyme was about 55kDa by SDS-PAGE analysis. The activitities assayed by spectrophotometrical method of intracellular and extracellular soluble enzyme were 110 ± 0.5mU and 15 ± 0.6mU per milligram of protein respectively. The transformation rate of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione by the B. subtilis recombinant cells was 45.3%. Compared with Arthrobacter simplex, the enzyme activity of KSDH expressed in B. subtilis was improved about 30 fold, and the transformation level of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione by the B.subtilis recombinant cells was improved about 10 fold. The recombinant B. subtilis cells used in biotransformation of steroids provided a new way for steroid medicines production.