Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of composite surgery in the treatment of chronic common carotid artery occlusion(CCAO).Methods:A retrospective descriptive study was conducted. The clinical data of 7 patients with CCAO admitted to Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from October 2020 to December 2023 were collected retrospectively. There were 6 males and 1 female. The age was (66.7±10.9) years, ranging from 52 to 83 years. Outpatient or telephone follow-up were conducted after surgery, carotid artery ultrasound or computed tomography angiography were performed at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively to determine vascular patency. The selection of surgical methods and clinical effect were analyzed. Normally distributed measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( ± s). The measurement data of skewed distribution were expressed by M ( Q1, Q3). Count data were expressed as frequency. Results:All 7 patients were diagnosed with chronic CCAO before operation, 6 on the left and 1 on the right. 3 cases affected the middle and distal segments of the common carotid artery, 1 case affected the proximal segment, and 1 case each affected the middle and distal segments, the remaining case involves the entire common carotid artery. All the procedures were successfully performed, among which 4 cases underwent carotid endarterectomy combined with stent placement, and 3 cases did not receive stent placement after carotid endarterectomy. 1 patient developed neck hematoma after surgery and the remaining patients recovered well after surgery without any complications or deaths. The follow-up time was 13.5(4.0, 20.5) months; 1 patient was lost to follow-up, and 6 patients received effective follow-up. the common carotid artery remained unobstructed in all 6 patients, and there were no transient ischemic attacks or strokes during the follow-up period.Conclusion:Composite surgery is a safe and feasible method that can be used to treat chronic CCAO lesions, and has satisfactory short-term results.

Houttuynia cordata,which can be taken as a food and medicine,is one of the traditional Chinese herbs in China.Houttuynia cordata is rich in chemical components like volatile oils,flavonoids,alkaloids,phenylpropanoids,and steroids etc.Modern studies have shown that Houttuynia cordata has anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor,antibacterial,antiviral,and other pharmacological effects.In this paper,herbal textual research,chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Houttuynia cordata were integrated and summarized.The quality markers of Houttuynia cordata were predicted and analyzed according to the concept of quality markers of traditional Chinese medicine in terms of phytopharmacology,medicinal properties and medicinal efficacy,different production areas and harvesting period,constituents absorbed in the blood and chemical components measurability.The aim is to provide references for the quality control study of Houttuynia cordata.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors related to the contrast-induced nephropathy(CIN)occurring after carotid artery stenting(CAS)in patients with carotid artery stenosis.Methods:The clinical data of 137 patients with carotid artery stenosis, who were treated with CAS at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University during the period from January to Decmber 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Record demographic characteristics (age, gender, height, weight), history of underlying diseases (hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, etc.), history of medications, etc. Observe the clinical parameters such as creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, albumin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, degree of stenosis and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Measurement data conforming to the normal distribution were expressed as the mean±standard deviation( ± s), and the t-test was used for comparison between groups; the measurement data that does not conform to the normal distribution were expressed as the median (interquartile range) [ M( Q1, Q3)], and the Rank-sum test was used for comparison between groups; the Chi-square test or Fisher exact test was used for comparison of count data between groups. Relevant variables were subjected to univariate analysis, and statistically significant indicators were selected according to the results of univariate analysis to be included in the multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results:After CAS, a total of 29 patients (21.2%) among the 137 patients developed CIN. Univariate analysis indicated that bilateral carotid artery stenosis, uncontrolled hypertension before surgery, history of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor drugs, diabetes mellitus, history of insulin drugs, eGFR<45 mL/(min·1.73 m 2), body weight were the influencing factors associated with the occurrence of CIN after CAS in patients with carotid artery stenting; multivariate regression analysis revealed that the presence of bilateral carotid artery stenosis( OR=4.724, 95% CI: 1.455-15.338, P=0.010), diabetes mellitus( OR=3.451, 95% CI: 1.345-8.858, P=0.010) and eGFR <45 mL/(min·1.73 m 2)( OR=4.582, 95% CI: 1.001-20.971, P=0.050) were the independent risk factors related to the CIN after CAS. Conclusion:Patients with the presence of bilateral carotid artery stenosis, diabetes mellitus or eGFR <45 mL/(min·1.73 m 2) are more likely to develop CIN after CAS.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment experience of carotid body tumor (CBT).Methods:The clinical data of 12 patients with CBT admitted to the Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from March 2013 to August 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, there were 6 males and 6 females, aged 31-83 years, with a median age of 57 years. Among the 12 patients, 2 patients were not treated surgically. The body mass index (BMI), tumor side, maximum diameter of tumor, and tumor classification, operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative drainage volume and time, postoperative hospital stay and postoperative complications of patients undergoing surgery were recorded.Results:BMI of the 12 patients was 17.19-29.07 kg/m 2, with an average of (24.05±3.95) kg/m 2. Among the 12 patients, there were 4 tumors on the left side, 6 tumors on the right side and 2 patients had bilateral tumors. The maximum diameter of the tumor was 1.7-8.7 cm, with an average of (4.05 ± 1.89) cm. Among the 2 patients with bilateral tumors, 1 patient underwent staged resection within 9 months and 1 patient only removed the larger tumor. A total of 10 patients underwent surgical resection. All excised tumors were confirmed histopathologically to be paraganglioma. The average operation time and the amount of bleeding was(164.73 ± 74.39)min and 341.82 mL respectively. The drainage time was 1-3 d, with an average of (1.73 ± 0.65) d. The cumulative drainage volume was 22-237 mL, with an average of (77.18 ± 57.47) mL. Classification of 11 surgically resected tumors: 3 patients (3/11, 27.3%) were Shamblin Ⅰ, 7 patients (7/11, 63.6%) were Shamblin Ⅱ and 1 patient (1/11, 9.1%) were Shamblin Ⅲ. There were 1 patient of hematoma and 1 patient of acute cerebral infarction after operation. One patient with decrease in muscle strength of right limb, other surgical patients complained no complications such as stroke and cranial nerve injury when discharged. Patients undergoing surgery were hospitalized for 8-20 days, with an average of (13.36 ± 3.61) d. Conclusions:CBT is a rare paraganglioma in clinic. Surgical resection is an effective method to treat CBT. Careful operation should be carried out to avoid serious complications such as wound hematoma, cranial nerve injury and ischemic stroke.

Objective:To explore the feasibility and efficacy of subpatellar artery balloon molding in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer caused by arterial ischemia.Methods:The clinical data of patients with diabetic foot ulcer caused by subpatellar artery disease treated in Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from December 2020 to April 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 29 patients received medical balloon dilatation (drug balloon group) and 30 patients received balloon dilatation alone (simple balloon group). The improvement of lower limb ischemia at 3 and 6 months after surgery was analyzed in the two groups. The observation indicators included case-fatality rate, limb preservation rate, ulcer healing, Rutherford grading and pain score.Results:There was no significant difference in preoperative Rutherford grading between the two groups ( P>0.05). Three and six months after operation, the Rutherford grading in both groups was significantly improved compared with that before surgery (all P<0.05), and there was no statistical significance between the two groups ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in preoperative pain scores between the two groups ( P>0.05). The pain scores of both groups were significantly decreased 3 and 6 months after surgery ( P<0.05), and there was no statistical significance between the two groups ( P>0.05). Three and six months after surgery, the wound ulcer healing rate in the drug balloon group was higher than that in the simple balloon group [51.7%(15/29) vs 43.3%(13/30), P=0.519; 86.2%(25/29) vs 50.0%(15/30), P=0.002]. There was no death or amputation in the two groups 3 and 6 months after surgery. Conclusions:Balloon dilatation can improve severe limb ischemia of diabetic foot. Compared with balloon dilatation alone, drug balloon dilatation is more beneficial to the healing of ulcer wounds in diabetic limb ischemia patients.

Carotid body tumor is a chemoreceptor tumor originated from the carotid body. It is the most common paraganglioma in the head and neck with special location, abundant blood supply and close relationship with carotid artery and peripheral nerves. Therefore, carotid body tumor has the characteristics of difficult diagnosis, lack of specificity and high risk of operation. This article reviews the progress in the diagnosis and treatment of carotid body tumor.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors related to the hemodynamic instability occurring after carotid artery stenting(CAS) in elderly patients with carotid artery stenosis.Methods:The clinical data of 80 patients with carotid artery stenosis, who were treated with CAS at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University during the period from January 2018 to Decmber 2018, were retrospectively analyzed. Record demographic characteristics (age, gender, height, weight), history of underlying diseases (hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, heart failure, etc.), history of medications, etc. Observe the clinical parameters such as creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urine volume, input and output, albumin, hemoglobin, location of stenosis, and degree of stenosis. Measurement data conforming to the normal distribution were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation ( Mean± SD), and the t-test was used for comparison between groups; the measurement data that does not conform to the normal distribution were expressed as the median (interquartile range) [ M( P25, P75)] indicates that the rank sum test was used for comparison between groups; the Chi-square test was used for comparison of count data between groups. Relevant variables were subjected to single factor analysis, and statistically significant indicators were selected according to the results of single factor analysis to be included in the multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results:After CAS, a total of 37 patients among the 80 patients developed hemodynamic instability, the incidence rate was 46.25%. Univariate analysis indicated that the factors associated with the occurrence of postoperative hemodynamic instability included height , platelet count, ulceration plaque and the fluid intake in the first 24 hours after surgery; Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the presence of ulceration plaque ( OR=11.559, 95% CI: 1.232-108.495) and the fluid intake in the first 24 hours after surgery( OR=1.001, 95% CI: 1.000-1.001) were the independent risk factors related to the hemodynamic instability after CAS. Conclusion:Elderly patients with the presence of ulceration plaque before surgery are more likely to develop hemodynamic instability after CAS, and within 24 hours after surgery is a high-risk time period for hemodynamic instability.

Re-use of contrast agent during endovascular treatment in patients with contrast agent allergy may lead to severe allergic reaction. For patients with localized stenosis of external iliac artery, endovascular therapy (stenting) is the first choice. Whether patients with severe iliac artery stenosis with contrast allergy can be treated with endovascular therapy is unknowed. A case of iliac artery stenting without contrast agent is reported in this paper. The successful implementation of this operation requires adequate preoperative and intraoperative preparation, and the accurate determination of the stenosis site and the presence or absence of residual stenosis during the operation.

Objective To explore the clinical effectiveness and safety of selective usage of embolic protection device to prevent distal embolization during SilverHawk atherectomy for atherosclerotic femoropo-pliteal artery disease. Methods From Jan 2014 to December 2015, 45 femoropopliteal artery atherosclerot-ic patients were treated with SilverHawk atherectomy and selective embolic protection device (EPD). The indication for EPD was instent restenosis, highly calcified lesion, suspicious of thrombosis, ulcerated le-sion, and single below-the-knee runoff. All cases who met the indication were treated with atherectomy and EPD, and those who did not meet the indication were treated with or without EPD according to the patient's choice. The embolic related complications were analyzed. Results Twenty three out of 45 patients who met the EPD indication were all treated with SilverHawk atherectomy under EPD protection, filter captured deb-ris in 17 patients (73. 9％) of the patients. The other 22 patients who did not meet the indication were di-vided into 2 groups according to the patient's choice of EPD usage, 11 were treated by atherectomy with EPD and 11 without EPD. One case out of 11 unindicated patients without EPD suffered a tibioperoneal trunk embolization and restored with catheter aspiration. For 1/11 (9. 1％) unindicated cases with EPD protec-tion, the filter captured embolization. There was a significant difference of distal embolization rate between the indicated and unindicated patients (χ2 =19. 368,P =0. 000). All filters were retrieved successfully without any distal embolization and any complications except arterial spasm occurred in 2 patients and re-stored well with nitroglycerin. Conclusions It is safe and effective for selective usage of embolic protection device to prevent distal embolization during SilverHawk atherectomy for atherosclerotic femoropopliteal artery disease.

Objective o investigate the clinical efficacy of atherectomy in the treatment of Tosaka class Ⅲ in-stent restenosis in the femoropopliteal artery. Methods From June 2013 to December 2015, 33 restenotic lesions after femoropopliteal artery stenting were retrospectively analyzed by clinical information including technical success rate, incidence of complications, improvement of postoperative symptoms and objective indicators, and target vessel patency. Results To January 2016, twenty-eight cases were followed up. The average follow-up time was 17. 9 months. Five cases were lost. The follow-up rate was 84. 9％. The technical success rate was 100％. The patency rate was 79. 9％ at 6 months and 65. 8％ at 1 year after surgery. Conclusions Atherectomy is safe and effective for treatment of Tosaka classⅢin-stent restenosis in femoropopliteal artery with good short-term and medium-term efficacy.