[Objective]To summarize the clinical experience and academic views of Professor YIN Lianrong in the treatment of early retinal degeneration in high myopia.[Methods]Through clinical diagnosis and medical records collection,starting from the pathogenesis and theoretical basis of early retinal degeneration of high myopia,the clinical thought and experience of Professor YIN in the treatment of this disease were summarized,and the experimental case was attached for support.[Results]Retinal degeneration in high myopia progresses slowly,and myopic macular disease seriously impairs vision and is irreversible.Currently,there is no effective treatment.Therefore,Professor YIN combines the thought of"prevention before treatment of disease"with the theory of"eye is able to see with blood"in the clinic,and proposes to move the treatment node forward,that is,to intervene before the occurrence of irreversible macular lesions.Professor YIN believes that the key pathogenesis of the early stage of the disease is Qi and blood deficiency,vein stasis,and the treatment should be closely followed by the method of supplementing Qi and nourishing blood and promoting blood circulation,and flexible use of classical prescriptions Buyang Huanwu Decoction to improve choroidal and retinal blood flow,thereby delaying the progression of fundus lesions,the clinical effect is positive.In the medical case cited,Professor YIN's comprehensive pulse and fundus examination results identified it as the syndrome of Qi and blood deficiency and vein stasis;after treated with supplementation and reduction of Buyang Huanwu Decoction,excellent curative effect was achieved.[Conclusion]Professor YIN combines the idea of"prevention before treatment of disease"with the theory of"eye is able to see with blood",and gives intervention in the early stage of retinal degeneration in high myopia.Through the method of supplementing Qi and activating blood to promote Qi and blood flow and removing blood stasis,the blood flow of choroid and retina is improved,and the disease progression is delayed,the experience is worth clinical learning and reference.

Aging and age-related ailments have emerged as critical challenges and great burdens within the global contemporary society.Addressing these concerns is an imperative task,with the aims of postponing the aging process and finding effective treatments for age-related degenerative diseases.Recent investigations have highlighted the significant roles of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD+)in the realm of anti-aging.It has been empirically evidenced that supplementation with nicotinamide mononucleotide(NMN)can elevate NAD+levels in the body,thereby ameliorating certain age-related degenerative diseases.The principal anti-aging mechanisms of NMN essentially lie in its impact on cellular energy metabolism,inhibition of cell apoptosis,modulation of immune function,and preservation of genomic stability,which collectively contribute to the deferral of the aging process.This paper critically reviews and evaluates existing research on the anti-aging mechanisms of NMN,elucidates the inherent limitations of current research,and proposes novel avenues for anti-aging investigations.

Single-cell multi-Omics(SCM-Omics)and spatial multi-Omics(SM-Omics)technologies provide state-of-the-art methods for exploring the composition and function of cell types in tissues/organs.Since its emergence in 2009,single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)has yielded many groundbreaking new discoveries.The combination of this method with the emergence and development of SM-Omics tech-niques has been a pioneering strategy in neuroscience,developmental biology,and cancer research,especially for assessing tumor heterogeneity and T-cell infiltration.In recent years,the application of these methods in the study of metabolic diseases has also increased.The emerging SCM-Omics and SM-Omics approaches allow the molecular and spatial analysis of cells to explore regulatory states and determine cell fate,and thus provide promising tools for unraveling heterogeneous metabolic processes and making them amenable to intervention.Here,we review the evolution of SCM-Omics and SM-Omics technologies,and describe the progress in the application of SCM-Omics and SM-Omics in metabolism-related diseases,including obesity,diabetes,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and cardiovascular disease(CVD).We also conclude that the application of SCM-Omics and SM-Omics approaches can help resolve the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases in the body and facilitate therapeutic measures for metabolism-related diseases.This review concludes with an overview of the current status of this emerging field and the outlook for its future.

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of AKR1B10 inhibitor combined with sorafenib on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) xenograft growth. Methods: HepG2 xenograft model was established in nude mice. The mice were then randomly divided into four groups: control group, epalrestat monotherapy group, sorafenib monotherapy group and combination treatment group. Tumor volume, tumor weight, T/C ratio and the change in body weight of nude mice in each group were compared to evaluate the curative effect. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to detect the expression of Ki-67 in tumor tissues to evaluate the proliferation status of tumor cells. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the differences between the groups. Student’s t-test was used to test means of two groups and chi-square test was used for multiple samples. Results: The differences of the grafted tumor volume before and after treatment between the control group, epalrestat group, sorafenib group and combined therapy group was 238.940 ± 39.813, 124.991 ± 84.670, -26.111 ± 11.518, and -54.072 ± 17.673(mm³), respectively, (F = 37.048, P < 0.001). The tumor mass were 0.273 ± 0.140, 0.158 ± 0.078, 0.079 ± 0.054, 0.045 ± 0.024 (g), (F = 16.594, P < 0.001); T/C ratio were 100%, 57.9%, 28.9%, 16.5%, and Ki-67 positive rate were 23.295 ± 6.218, 13.503 ± 3.392, 7.325 ± 2.257, 4.664 ± 1.189 (%), (χ² = 822.203, P < 0.001) . The tumor volume (t = -3.579, P = 0.002) and Ki-67 positive rate (t = -10.003, P < 0.001) in epalrestat monotherapy group were significantly lower than control group. The tumor volume (t = 2.056, P = 0.025), tumor mass (t = 2.101, P = 0.043), and Ki-67 positive rate (t = -2.850, P = 0.005) in combination treatment group were significantly lower than sorafenib monotherapy group. Compared with the control group, the body weight of nude mice in the treatment group decreased to a certain extent, but there was no statistically significant difference between epalrestat monotherapy group and control group (t = -1.599, P = 0.262), and combined therapy and sorafenib monotherapy group (t = -0.051, P = 0.96). Conclusion AKR1B10 inhibitor enhanced the inhibitory effect of sorafenib on hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft.

Objective To investigate the personality traits, anxiety and depression in patients with leukemia. Methods A cross-sectional survey was performed in 120 patients with leukemia and 118 age and gender-matched controls. Personality was assessed using the Type A Behavior Pattern Questionnaire (TABPQ). Emotion was ascertained using the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS). The relationship between personality type A and anxiety and depression was evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis. Results The prevalence of personality type A was significantly higher in patients with leukemia than healthy controls [71.67 % (86/120) vs. 30.51 % (36/118), P< 0.01]. Patients with leukemia also had higher prevalence of anxiety and depression compared with healthy controls [36.67%(44/120) vs. 9.32%(11/118), P< 0.01; 29.17 % (35/120) vs. 5.93 % (7/118), P< 0.01]. Pearson correlation analysis showed that time-hurry (TH) and competition-hostility (CH) of personality type A correlated positively with anxiety (r=0.292, r= 0.277, respectively; both P< 0.05). Conclusion TH and CH of personality type A are associated with anxiety in leukemia patients.

Objective: To explore the difference of liver inflammation and fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and to investigate the relationship between hepatic pathology and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Methods: 57 patients with chronic HCV infection and 346 patients with chronic HBV infection who were hospitalized at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 2012 to September 2016 were enrolled. In chronic HBV infection, including 88 cases whose ALT were more than two times of upper limited of normal (ALT≥2×ULN) and 258 cases whose ALT were less than two times of upper limited of normal (ALT < 2×ULN).All the patients were underwent liver biopsy. Chronic HBV infection (ALT≥2×ULN and ALT < 2×ULN) and chronic HCV infection were compared respectively. Statistical analyses were performed using a Univariate χ²-test and Mann–Whitney U test for comparison. Correlations between variables were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation. Results: In chronic HBV infection group, 169 cases (48.8%) had inflammation grade≥2 (G≥2), 98 cases (28.3%) had fibrosis stage≥2 (S≥2), 81 cases (23.4%) with G≥2 and S≥2.In the ALT < 2×ULN group, there were 109 cases (42.2%) with G≥2, 62 cases (24%) with S≥2, 49 cases (19%) with G≥2 and S≥2. In the ALT≥2×ULN group, 60 cases (68.2%) with G≥2, 35 cases (39.8%) with S≥2, 31 cases (35.2%) with G≥2 and S≥2. The grade of inflammation and fibrosis have significantly different between ALT≥2×ULN group and ALT < 2×ULN group (χ² = 17.66, χ² = 8.06, P < 0.01). In chronic HCV infection group, 47 cases (82.5%) with G≥2, 20 cases (35.1%) with S≥2, 20 cases (35.1%) with G≥2 and S≥2. ALT had no correlation with inflammation and fibrosis (P > 0.05). The grade of inflammation was significantly different between chronic HCV infection and chronic HBV infection whose ALT < 2×ULN (χ² = 30.19, P < 0.01) but the fibrosis have no difference (χ² = 2.96, P > 0.05). Compared with chronic HBV infection whose ALT≥2×ULN, both inflammation and fibrosis had no significantly different (χ² = 3.65, χ² = 0.32, P > 0.05 respectively). Conclusion In chronic HBV infection whose ALT < 2×ULN, about 30%-40% liver tissue with significant necroinflammation and /or fibrosis. About 80% chronic HCV infection with significant necroinflammation, and the grade of inflammation has no correlation with ALT. The grade of inflammation has significantly different between chronic HCV infection group and chronic HBV infection group whose ALT < 2×ULN.

Objective To investigate the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and explore its relationship with clinical characteristics and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR).Methods The expressions of Nrf2 and TrxR genes in bone marrow cells and K562 cells were analyzed in 30 bone marrow preparations of CML patients in different phases,including 20 in chronic phase,3 in accelerated phase,7 in blastic phase by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Ten health subjects were served as normal controls.Results The relative quantitation expression of Nrf2 and TrxR mRNA were 5.601±1.069 and 9.017±2.398 in chronic phase,1.698±0.349 and 5.590±1.015 in accelerated phase,1.252±0.807 and 5.050±1.469 in blastic phase,1.377± 0.344 and 1.867±0.977 in normal controls.The expressions of both Nrf2 and TrxR mRNA in CML had significant differences from those of the normal controls (x2 =14.680,P =0.002,x2 =8.271,P =0.041).The expression of Nrf2 mRNA in accelerated phase,blastic phase group showed no significant difference (Z =0.011,P =0.496),but lower than that in chronic phase group (Z =2.155,P =0.016,Z =2.534,P =0.006).The difference between the first visit and post-treated group was significant (Z =2.015,P =0.022).The expression in K562 cells and normal controls had significant difference (Z =1.898,P =0.029).In CML patients,the expression of Nrf2 was positively correlated with that of TrxR (r =0.738,P =0.037).Conclusion The expression of Nrf2 gene is higher in the first visit group of CML than that in the other groups,and is decreased after therapy,which may be the molecular marker predicting the progress of CML.Nrf2 mRNA expression level is correlated with TrxR.

Objective To explore the activity of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in chronic myeloid leukemia cell line K562 and the anti-leukemia effect of BBSKE (a novel inhibitor of TrxR) in vitro. Methods The activity of TrxR on K562 cell lineage and fresh bone marrow cell from healthy adult was analyzed by insulin reduction assay. The inhibition of proliferation was measured by CCK-8 assay. The anti-leukemia effect of BBSKE was detected by laser scanning confocal microscope,agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry with Annexin V -FITC/PI staining. Results TrxR activity of K562 cell lineage was significantly higher than that of normal bone marrow mononuclear cells. The apoptosis of K562 cells could be induced at concentrations of 10 μmol/L BBSKE after treated for 24 hours. The typical DNA ladder bans were observed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The apoptotic rates of K562 cells were (10.28±2.74) %. Application of 10 μmol/L BBSKE for 48 hours could also induce apoptosis of fresh bone marrow cell from chronic myeloid leukemia patients, and the apoptotic rates were (5.70±0.48) %. Conclusion TrxR activity in chronic myeloid leukemia cells was significantly higher than that of normal cells. BBSKE inhibits the TrxR activity and the proliferation of K562 by inducing apoptosis.It might be a potential medication for chronic myeloid leukemia.

The data on nosocomial infection of 4060 patients who were stayed in intensive care unit (ICU) more than 48 h from January 1997 to August 2008 were reviewed.From Jan 2004 the target monitoring of hospital-acquired infection was implemented in ICU.The nosocomial infection rates before and after target monitoring were 35.25% (871/2471) and 30.77% (489/1589) respectively (P ＜ 0.01);however there was no significant difference in case infection rate before and after target monitor were practiced (47.67% vs.45.25%,χ~2 = 2.2836,P ＞0.05).The incidence of Acinetobacter infection was increased after target monitoring.Targeted monitoring can decrease the nosocomial infection rate in ICU,and also reduce the cost of medical care.

Here we tell a 20-year long story. It began with an easily overlooked DNA degradation (Dnd) phenomenon during electrophoresis and eventually led to the discovery of an unprecedented DNA sulfur modification governed by five dnd genes. This unusual DNA modification, called phosphorothioation, is the first physiological modification identified on the DNA backbone, in which the nonbridging oxygen is replaced by sulfur in a sequence selective and stereo-specific manner. Homologous dnd gene clusters have been identified in diverse and distantly related bacteria and thus have drawn immediate attention of the entire microbial scientific community. Here, we summarize the progress in chemical, genetic, enzymatic, bioinformatical and analytical aspects of this novel postreplicative DNA modification. We also discuss perspectives on the physiological functions of the DNA phosphorothioate modification in bacteria and their implications.
Bacteria ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA, Bacterial ; chemistry ; history ; metabolism ; Genes, Bacterial ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Multigene Family ; Streptomyces lividans ; genetics ; metabolism ; Sulfur ; chemistry ; history ; metabolism