Chronic prostatitis,a common condition in andrology,is clinically characterized by a prolonged course,resistance to treatment,and frequent recurrence.In traditional Chinese medicine,it is classified under the categories of"turbid sperm,""overstrain strangury,"and"vaginal pain."Based on the"host-guest interaction-collateral disease"theory,we believe that healthy qi deficiency,latent pathogenic factors,and collateral obstruction are the primary pathological factors of this disease,which run through the entire process of chronic prostatitis occurrence and development.Accordingly,we propose that obstruction of collaterals and apathesia of the semen chamber are the core pathogenesis.The disease progression can be divided into three pathological stages:"deficiency,depression,and blood stasis."Spleen and kidney deficiency and malnutrition of collaterals form the pathological foundation.In the deficiency stage,treatment strategies involve reinforcing qi and nourishing the collaterals,using Fuzheng Yangrong Decoction.During disease progression,dampness and heat invasion,as well as collateral stagnation qi,are key contributors to disease progression.Thus,treatment focuses on clearing heat and dampness,promoting qi flow,and smoothing the collaterals,achieved with a modified Qiantongding Decoction.In the final stage,blood stasis and collateral obstruction dominate,warranting therapeutic strategies aimed at tonifying and removing blood stasis,addressing both the body and the collaterals simultaneously using the modified Guiling Huayu Decoction.Overall,the clinical treatment generally focuses on the concept of function through free flow,combination of unblocking and tonifying.This study provides a novel perspective and reference for clinical differentiation and treatment of chronic prostatitis.

AIM:To investigate how the stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1(SCD1)inhibitor CAY-10566 induc-es ferroptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OS-CC)cells and enhances their sensitivity to cisplatin,with preliminary exploration of the underlying mo-lecular mechanisms.METHODS:Bioinformatics analysis and clinical specimens were used to evalu-ate SCD1 expression in OSCC tissues.OSCC cell lines(Cal27 and HSC3)were treated with CAY-10566,cis-platin,the ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin-1(Fer-1),or their combinations.Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay,while reactive oxygen spe-cies(ROS)and lipid ROS levels were measured by flow cytometry.Malondialdehyde(MDA)and re-duced glutathione(GSH)levels were quantified us-ing commercial assay kits.Western blotting was performed to analyze the protein expression of glu-tathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR),mature sterol regulatory ele-ment-binding protein 1(m-SREBP1),SCD1,and heme oxygenase 1(HMOX1).RESULTS:SCD1 was significantly overexpressed in OSCC tissues(P＜0.01).Combined treatment with CAY-10566 and cis-platin markedly reduced OSCC cell viability(P＜0.01)and increased lipid peroxidation(P＜0.001),while suppressing GPX4 expression-effects that were re-versed by Fer-1(P＜0.001).CAY-10566 upregulated HMOX1 expression and inhibited mTOR,m-SREBP1,and SCD1 protein levels(P＜0.001).CONCLUSION:CAY-10566 promotes ferroptosis and cisplatin sensi-tivity in OSCC cells,potentially through HMOX1 up-regulation and suppression of the mTOR/SREBP1/SCD1 axis.

AIM:To investigate how the stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1(SCD1)inhibitor CAY-10566 induc-es ferroptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OS-CC)cells and enhances their sensitivity to cisplatin,with preliminary exploration of the underlying mo-lecular mechanisms.METHODS:Bioinformatics analysis and clinical specimens were used to evalu-ate SCD1 expression in OSCC tissues.OSCC cell lines(Cal27 and HSC3)were treated with CAY-10566,cis-platin,the ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin-1(Fer-1),or their combinations.Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay,while reactive oxygen spe-cies(ROS)and lipid ROS levels were measured by flow cytometry.Malondialdehyde(MDA)and re-duced glutathione(GSH)levels were quantified us-ing commercial assay kits.Western blotting was performed to analyze the protein expression of glu-tathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR),mature sterol regulatory ele-ment-binding protein 1(m-SREBP1),SCD1,and heme oxygenase 1(HMOX1).RESULTS:SCD1 was significantly overexpressed in OSCC tissues(P＜0.01).Combined treatment with CAY-10566 and cis-platin markedly reduced OSCC cell viability(P＜0.01)and increased lipid peroxidation(P＜0.001),while suppressing GPX4 expression-effects that were re-versed by Fer-1(P＜0.001).CAY-10566 upregulated HMOX1 expression and inhibited mTOR,m-SREBP1,and SCD1 protein levels(P＜0.001).CONCLUSION:CAY-10566 promotes ferroptosis and cisplatin sensi-tivity in OSCC cells,potentially through HMOX1 up-regulation and suppression of the mTOR/SREBP1/SCD1 axis.

Chronic prostatitis,a common condition in andrology,is clinically characterized by a prolonged course,resistance to treatment,and frequent recurrence.In traditional Chinese medicine,it is classified under the categories of"turbid sperm,""overstrain strangury,"and"vaginal pain."Based on the"host-guest interaction-collateral disease"theory,we believe that healthy qi deficiency,latent pathogenic factors,and collateral obstruction are the primary pathological factors of this disease,which run through the entire process of chronic prostatitis occurrence and development.Accordingly,we propose that obstruction of collaterals and apathesia of the semen chamber are the core pathogenesis.The disease progression can be divided into three pathological stages:"deficiency,depression,and blood stasis."Spleen and kidney deficiency and malnutrition of collaterals form the pathological foundation.In the deficiency stage,treatment strategies involve reinforcing qi and nourishing the collaterals,using Fuzheng Yangrong Decoction.During disease progression,dampness and heat invasion,as well as collateral stagnation qi,are key contributors to disease progression.Thus,treatment focuses on clearing heat and dampness,promoting qi flow,and smoothing the collaterals,achieved with a modified Qiantongding Decoction.In the final stage,blood stasis and collateral obstruction dominate,warranting therapeutic strategies aimed at tonifying and removing blood stasis,addressing both the body and the collaterals simultaneously using the modified Guiling Huayu Decoction.Overall,the clinical treatment generally focuses on the concept of function through free flow,combination of unblocking and tonifying.This study provides a novel perspective and reference for clinical differentiation and treatment of chronic prostatitis.

Objective To observe the morphological and functional changes of different lung cells in hyperoxia environment.Methods Type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells (AECⅡ) and lung fibroblasts (LFs) of fetal rats with 18 days old were isolated and culturedin vitro, and divided into air group (placed in an atmospheric incubator, and culturing with oxygen volume fraction of 0.21) and hyperoxia group (placed in a high oxygen culture chamber, and culturing with oxygen volume fraction of 0.90). Morphological changes of two kinds of cells were observed under microscope. Cell migration was observed by scratch test. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in cells were detected by flow cytometry.Results After 8 hours of hyperoxia, the volume of AECⅡincreased and the cells were loosely arranged; the clearance of LFs cells was increased and arranged in disorder. Scratch test showed that, compared with air group, the immigration rate of AECⅡ was inhibited at 6 hours hyperoxia [migration rate: (38.67±1.15)％ vs. (58.67±2.31)％,P < 0.01], the immigration rate of LFs was promoted at 12 hours after hyperoxia [migration rate:(55.37±1.50)％ vs. (46.90±1.20)％,P < 0.01]. With the increase of hyperoxia time, intracellular ROS contents of two cells were gradually increased, which were significantly higher than those of the air group (fluorescence intensity:130.67±4.04 vs. 54.67±2.51, 85.00±2.00 vs. 60.33±1.52, bothP < 0.01). Both two kinds of cells showed apoptosis after exposure to high oxygen, the apoptosis rate of AECⅡ at 2 hour exposure were significantly higher than that of air group [(1.93±0.28)％ vs. (1.07±0.11)％,P < 0.05], the apoptosis rate of LFs at 6 hour exposure was significantly higher than that of air group [(1.66±0.09)％ vs. (1.46±0.09)％,P < 0.05].Conclusion High concentration of oxygen can cause poor growth of lung cells, reduce AEC Ⅱ migration level and increase LFs migration, and the production of intracellular ROS eventually leads to apoptosis of lung cells.

Objective To compare the initial detection rate and the accuracy of qualitative diagnosis of multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT),gastrointestinal tract radiography,gastroscopy,and endoscopic ultrasonography in the diagnosis of gastric lipoma,with a focus on evaluating the diagnostic value of MSCT.Methods Twenty-six patients with gastric lipoma,6 males and 20 females with a mean age of 61 years (ranging from 41 to 82 years) and confirmed by pathology,were enrolled in the present study.Their clinical,pathologic and imaging findings were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients underwent gastroscopy,and plain and dynamic enhanced MDCT scans.Of them 21 cases underwent endoscopic ultrasonography and 12 cases gastrointestinal tract radiography.Results The detection rate was 88.5％(23/26) and 80.8％(21/26),P＞0.05 for MSCT and gastroscopy,respectively,in the initial diagnosis of gastric lipomas,both higher than that of gastrointestinal tract radiography (41.7％,5/12).The accuracy of qualitative diagnosis of MSCT (100％,23/23) was higher than that of endoscopic ultrasonography (71.4％,15/21),gastrointestinal tract radiography (0％,0/5) and gastroscopy (0％,0/21).The lesions located at the gastric antrum in 18 cases (69.2％,including 10 front wall,6 posterior wall and 2 pyloric canal),the gastric body in 7 cases (26.9％) and the gastric fundus in 1 case (3.8％).All the lipomas presented as round or ovoid nodule with clear boundary on MSCT images,and homogeneous or mixed low density.The CT values,long dimensions and volumes ranged from-50 to-95Hu (mean-72.58Hu),5.7 to 40.7mm (mean 17.67mm) and 0.02 to 7.03cm3 (mean 1.89cm3),respectively.Contrast-enhanced CT scans showed no enhancement in all the lesions.Conclusion MSCT can make accurate locating and qualitative diagnosis for gastric lipomas.

Objective To explore the types of variations in the origin of left gastric artery (LGA) using MSCT angiography.Methods The abdominal MSCT angiography data of 1 500 patients were respectively reviewed,in thoses the abdominal aorta,celiac trunk,LGA,common hepatic artery (CHA),splenic artery (SA) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA)were shown clearly.The origins of the LGA and related artries were focused.A new typing method (types Ⅰ-Ⅹ) was established.And the incidence of various types was calculated.Results The normal anatomical origin (type Ⅰ) of LGAwas noted in 1 342 cases (1 342/1 500,89.47％).Eight types of LGA variant origin were identified in 70 cases (70/1 500,4.67％).LGA variant origin combined with celiomesenteric trunk (CMT) were observed in 47 cases (47/1 500,3.13％).The most common type of LGA origin variation was LGA originated from the abdominal aorta combined with CMT (type Ⅴ) which was found in 24 cases (24/1 500,1.60％).And the least common type was the namely LGA,SA,CHA and SMA arose independently from abdominal aorta (type Ⅵ) which was found in 3 cases (3/1 500,0.20 ％).LGA originated from SMA (type Ⅷ) was not found in all 1 500 cases.Conclusion There are many kinds of variations in the origin of LGA.The new typing method can contribute the comprehensive and intensive data for understanding the anatomical and radiographic features.

Objective:To establish the post-discharge disease management program for patients with chronic heart failure,and observe the effects of disease management on prognosis.Methods:Totally 207 patients with chronic heart failure,who were ad-mitted to hospital due to acute exacerbation,were enrolled.After discharge these patients were randomly divided into the study group (103 cases)and the control group (104 cases).Disease management program was implemented in the study group,and only routine outpatient follow-up was implemented in the control group.The clinical follow-up results one year after discharge were compared between the two groups.Results:Excluding the patients lost during follow-up,totally 1 88 patients completed the data collection,among which 98 cases were from the study group and 90 cases were from the control group.There was no significant difference regarding the baseline of clinical characteristics between the two groups (P >0.05 ).Follow-up results showed that compared with that in the control group,within the six months after discharged,the readmission rate,the multi-ple readmission rate,and the readmission or death joint events rate in the study group decreased significantly (P <0.05).The percentage of cardiac function NYHA class I to II and the left ventricular ejection fraction in the study group were higher than that in the control group (P <0.05),and the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter was in contrast (P <0.05).The score of Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire in the study group was superior to that in the control group (P <0.05 ). Conclusions:The implementation of post-discharge disease management for the patients with chronic heart failure can signifi-cantly reduce the risk of the readmission,the multiple readmission,and the readmission or death joint events within the six months after discharge,and improve the patients’cardiac function and quality of life.

Objective We previously demonstrated that peroxiredoxin 3 (PRX3) was overexpressed in cervical cancer and the expression of PRX3 was positively associated to that of oncogenes E6/E7 of human papillomaviruses (HPV) type 16.The present study was conducted to investigate the link between HPV oncogenes and PRX3,which would be helpful to understanding the mechanism for cervical carcinogenesis.Methods Cervical epithelial cells were cultured and were transfected with recombinant pcDNA3.1 vector containing HPV16 E6/E7.The changes of PRX3 expression were detected by quantitative real time PCR and Western blotting.Results In the epithelial cells which stably expressed HPV16 E6/E7,the expression of PRX3 was significantly down-regulated at both mRNA and protein levels compared to that in the control cells.Conclusion Integration of high risk HPV DNA into the chromosomes of cervical epitheliums induced the change of the PRX3 expression,which might be involved in the initiation of cervical cancer.

Objective To explore the antiarrhythmic mechanism of ampelopsin through electrophysiological study in rats.Methods The in vivo experimental groups were as follows:control group,low-dose,middle-dose and high-dose group.Arrhythmia in rats was induced by aconitine injection,and then the antiarrhythmic effects of ampelopsin were studied.Cardiomyocytes were isolated from rats therafter.The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record action potential duration (APD),sodium currents (INa),calcium current (ICa),transient outward potassium currents (Ito) and inward rectifier potassium currents (IK1) in cardiomyocytes.Results In vivo experiments showed that the incidence of aconitineinduced experimental arrhythmias in low,middle and high-dose ampelopsin group was significandy lower than that in control group (n =5 each group,all P ＜ 0.05).In vitro whole-cell patch clamp experiments showed that action potential duration in low,middle and high-dose groups was significantly shorter than that in control group,and amplitude of action potential was also significantly lower in low,middle and high-dose ampelopsin groups than in control group (134.1 ±6.9),(120.1 ±7.4),(113.2 ±9.0),and (101.8 ±5.1) mV for control,low,middle and high-dose group (n =9 each group,all P ＜ 0.05).Further research revealed that sodium currents in cardiomyocytes were decreased by low,middle and high-dose ampelopsin from (-36.75 ±3.60) to (-31.03 ±2.61),(-26.63 ±3.72),and (-17.55 ±4.43) pA/pF (n =9each group,all P ＜ 0.05),but the activation voltage for peak potential was not affected by ampelopsin.Moreover,the inward rectifier potassium current was also higher in high-dose ampelopsin group than in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Calcium current and transient outward potassium current were similar among four groups.Conclusion Ampelopsin exerts anti-arrhythmic effects in this rat model,and the underlying electrophysiological mechanism is partly associated with the inhibition of INa and enhancement of IK1,and prolongation of APD.