OBJECTIVE To analyze the 7 species of common pathogens causing acute respiratory infection(ARI)in children in Zhongshan,Guangdong,from 2019 to 2023,and to provide references for preventive measures and clinical treatment of ARI.METHODS A total of 14 261 children with ARI aged 14 years and younger,hospital-ized in the Pediatric Department of Zhongshan City People's Hospital from Jan.2019 to Oct.2022 and from Mar.to Dec.2023,were selected as the study subjects.The positive detection rates of seven common respiratory pathogens were compared across three periods:pre-pandemic period(2019),pandemic control period(from 2020 to Oct.2022)and normalization period(from Mar.to Dec.2023)of COVID-19.RESULTS The overall detection rates of pathogens were 59.72％,37.83％and 85.82％in the pre-pandemic,control and normalization periods,respectively.The pathogens with the highest detection rates were Streptococcus pneumoniae(Spn)at 19.81％,respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)at 11.33％,Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)at 9.53％,Haemophilus influ-enzae(Hi)at 5.90％,influenza A virus(FluA)at 3.49％,adenovirus(ADV)at 3.30％and Bordetella pertussis(BP)at 0.72％.The mixed infection rate was 8.46％in the pre-pandemic period,mainly involving"MP+Spn"and"Spn+RSV".During the pandemic control period,the mixed infection rates were 4.95％,4.65％and 3.66％,respectively.After the pandemic normalization,the mixed infection rate rose to 17.75％,mainly invol-ving"Hi+Spn"and"Spn+RSV".The detection rates of RSV were 7.82％,11.90％and 14.44％in the pre-pan-demic,control and normalization periods,respectively,with a delayed epidemic pattern observed.The detection rates of Spn were 26.47％,17.45％and 16.99％in the three periods,respectively.The detection rates of MP were 12.53％,1.83％and 24.17％,respectively,with a delayed outbreak observed.CONCLUSIONS The preven-tion and control of COVID-19 involves non-pharmaceutical interventions,which are later lifted.The transmission of these seven common respiratory pathogens is affected,necessitating continuous monitoring of the pathogens.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the 7 species of common pathogens causing acute respiratory infection(ARI)in children in Zhongshan,Guangdong,from 2019 to 2023,and to provide references for preventive measures and clinical treatment of ARI.METHODS A total of 14 261 children with ARI aged 14 years and younger,hospital-ized in the Pediatric Department of Zhongshan City People's Hospital from Jan.2019 to Oct.2022 and from Mar.to Dec.2023,were selected as the study subjects.The positive detection rates of seven common respiratory pathogens were compared across three periods:pre-pandemic period(2019),pandemic control period(from 2020 to Oct.2022)and normalization period(from Mar.to Dec.2023)of COVID-19.RESULTS The overall detection rates of pathogens were 59.72％,37.83％and 85.82％in the pre-pandemic,control and normalization periods,respectively.The pathogens with the highest detection rates were Streptococcus pneumoniae(Spn)at 19.81％,respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)at 11.33％,Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)at 9.53％,Haemophilus influ-enzae(Hi)at 5.90％,influenza A virus(FluA)at 3.49％,adenovirus(ADV)at 3.30％and Bordetella pertussis(BP)at 0.72％.The mixed infection rate was 8.46％in the pre-pandemic period,mainly involving"MP+Spn"and"Spn+RSV".During the pandemic control period,the mixed infection rates were 4.95％,4.65％and 3.66％,respectively.After the pandemic normalization,the mixed infection rate rose to 17.75％,mainly invol-ving"Hi+Spn"and"Spn+RSV".The detection rates of RSV were 7.82％,11.90％and 14.44％in the pre-pan-demic,control and normalization periods,respectively,with a delayed epidemic pattern observed.The detection rates of Spn were 26.47％,17.45％and 16.99％in the three periods,respectively.The detection rates of MP were 12.53％,1.83％and 24.17％,respectively,with a delayed outbreak observed.CONCLUSIONS The preven-tion and control of COVID-19 involves non-pharmaceutical interventions,which are later lifted.The transmission of these seven common respiratory pathogens is affected,necessitating continuous monitoring of the pathogens.

Gorham-Stout disease(GSD)is a sporadic chronic disease characterized by progressive bone dissolution,absorption,and disappearance along with lymphatic vessel infiltration in bone-marrow cavities.Although the osteolytic mechanism of GSD has been widely studied,the cause of lymphatic hyperplasia in GSD is rarely investigated.In this study,by comparing the RNA expression profile of osteoclasts(OCs)with that of OC precursors(OCPs)by RNA sequencing,we identified a new factor,semaphorin 3A(Sema3A),which is an osteoprotective factor involved in the lymphatic expansion of GSD.Compared to OCPs,OCs enhanced the growth,migration,and tube formation of lymphatic endothelial cells(LECs),in which the expression of Sema3A is low compared to that in OCPs.In the presence of recombinant Sema3A,the growth,migration,and tube formation of LECs were inhibited,further confirming the inhibitory effect of Sema3A on LECs in vitro.Using an LEC-induced GSD mouse model,the effect of Sema3A was examined by injecting lentivirus-expressing Sema3A into the tibiae in vivo.We found that the overexpression of Sema3A in tibiae suppressed the expansion of LECs and alleviated bone loss,whereas the injection of lentivirus expressing Sema3A short hairpin RNA(shRNA)into the tibiae caused GSD-like phenotypes.Histological staining further demonstrated that OCs decreased and osteocalcin increased after Sema3A lentiviral treatment,compared with the control.Based on the above results,we propose that reduced Sema3A in OCs is one of the mechanisms contributing to the pathogeneses of GSD and that expressing Sema3A represents a new approach for the treatment of GSD.

Objective:To investigate the correlations of laminin subunit gamma 3 (LAMC3) expression with prognosis of ovarian cancer (OC).Methods:LAMC3 protein expression was measured using immunohistochemical streptavidin-peroxidase-biotin connection method (IHC). Gene expression and related clinical data in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) cohort and clinical proteomic tumor analysis consortium (CPTAC) were applied to analyse the correlation between gene and protein expressions and clinical outcomes. Correlations between LAMC3 and clinicopathological factors were evaluated using the Pearson χ2 test (2-sided). The probability of survival and significance was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier plot. The functional clustering of biological pathways enriched from co-expressed genes of LAMC3 was used to explore the possible mechanisms that LAMC3 might contribute to poor prognosis. Results:Based on the IHC results of 216 OC tissues or ovaries (including 208 tumors and 8 normal tissues) and 51 OC tissues (including 24 chemotherapy-resistant and 27 sensitive tissues), and the protein expression data from CPTAC (including 100 primary tumors and 25 normal tissues), the results showed that the protein expression of LAMC3 was significantly decreased in OC tissues compared with normal, decreased in advanced-stage tissues compared with early-stage tissues, and decreased in drug-resistant tissues compared with sensitive tissues (all P<0.05). Furthermore, low expression of LAMC3 protein was significantly associated with poor disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in 51 OC tissues ( P<0.01), consistent with the results that the low levels of LAMC3 mRNA predicted short DFS and OS in 489 OC tissues of the TCGA cohort ( P<0.05). The results suggested that low expression of LAMC3 might be the adverse factors for OC development, such as drug resistance and advanced tumors, and might be a risk indicator for prognosis. Moreover, functional clustering of biological pathways enriched from the co-expressed genes of LAMC3 in TCGA ovarian cohort indicated that LAMC3 potentially involved in regulation of OC via oncogene-pathways such as Ras associated protein 1 (Rap1), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Ras and cell adhesion-related pathways such as extra cellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction and focal adhesion. It indicated that LAMC3 might contribute to short survival and tumor progression by regulation of the above pathways. Conclusion:Low expression of LAMC3 is related to poor prognosis and malignant progression in OC, and thus it is expected to be a new prognostic marker and therapeutic target for clinical treatment.