Objective:To investigate the regulatory effect of leptin via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway on the core-binding factor β-subunit (CBFβ) and its molecular mechanism in promoting chondrocyte apoptosis.Methods:A total of five patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty due to knee osteoarthritis (OA group) and five patients undergoing amputation due to trauma (amputation group) were enrolled, and knee cartilage samples were obtained intraoperatively. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of leptin, CBFβ, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1), and MMP13. Flow cytometry was performed to determine the optimal treatment duration and concentration of leptin. Chondrocytes were divided into the following groups based on treatment conditions: control group (untreated chondrocytes), leptin group (chondrocytes treated with 50 ng/ml leptin), negative leptin group (chondrocytes transfected with a non-targeting sequence as a control), and leptin+shCBFβ group (chondrocytes transfected with shCBFβ to inhibit CBFβ expression). Apoptosis and the expression levels of MMP1 and MMP13 were analyzed in the four groups. Additionally, chondrocytes were categorized into the following groups for further analysis: control group (untreated cells), leptin group (cells stimulated with 50 ng/ml leptin for 48 h), AG490 group (cells treated with the JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor AG490), and leptin+AG490 group (cells pretreated with AG490 for 2 h followed by 50 ng/ml leptin stimulation for 48 h). The protein expression levels of CBFβ, MMP1, and MMP13, as well as the apoptosis rate, were examined in the four groups.Results:The relative expression levels of leptin, CBFβ, MMP1, and MMP13 in the amputation group were 0.66±0.06, 0.69±0.06, 0.74±0.05, and 0.41±0.03, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the OA group (1.04±0.10, 1.06±0.09, 0.95±0.04, and 0.99±0.09, respectively) ( P<0.05). The optimal treatment duration and concentration of leptin were determined to be 48 h and 50 ng/ml, respectively. The expression levels of MMP1 and MMP13 significantly differed among the control, leptin, negative leptin, and leptin+shCBFβ groups ( P<0.05). Specifically, the leptin group showed higher expression levels compared to the control group, while the leptin+shCBFβ group exhibited lower expression levels than the leptin group ( P<0.05). The apoptosis rates of chondrocytes in the four groups were 4.55%±1.30%, 22.52%±2.03%, 22.03%±2.01%, and 5.15%±0.91%, respectively, with significant differences ( F=114.066, P<0.001). The apoptosis rate in the leptin group was significantly higher than that in the control group, while the leptin+shCBFβ group exhibited a significantly lower apoptosis rate than the leptin group ( P<0.05). Similarly, significant differences were observed in the expression levels of CBFβ, MMP1, and MMP13 among the control, leptin, AG490, and leptin+AG490 groups ( P<0.05). The expression levels in the leptin group were higher than those in the control group, while the leptin+AG490 group exhibited lower expression levels compared to the leptin group ( P<0.05). The apoptosis rates of chondrocytes in the control, leptin, AG490, and leptin+AG490 groups were 5.19±0.94%, 31.52±2.63%, 5.51±1.41%, and 10.47±0.85%, respectively, with significant differences ( F=117.104, P<0.001). The apoptosis rate in the leptin group was significantly higher than that in the control group, while the leptin+AG490 group exhibited a significantly lower apoptosis rate than the leptin group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Leptin promotes CBFβ expression via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, leading to chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation.

Objective To investigate the effect of tirofiban combined with oxiracetam on acute anterior circulation progressive cerebral infarction.Methods A total of 171 patients with acute anteri-or circulation progressive cerebral infarction from October 2022 to January 2024 were enrolled and ran-domly divided into three groups using a random number table.The control group of 57 patients re-ceived conventional treatment,the observation group A received tirofiban in addition to conventional treatment,and the observation group B received oxiracetam on the basis of observation group A's treat-ment.The effectiveness indicators[including the rates of neurological improvement and neurological deterioration at 14 days after treatment,the rate of good prognosis and modified Rankin Scale(MRS)scores at 90 days after treatment,as well as the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)scores at 7 and 14 days after treatment and their differences from baseline],cognitive function[as-sessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MOCA)],and safety indicators(incidence rates of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage,fatal intracranial hemorrhage,and mortality at 90 days after treat-ment)were compared among the three groups.Results There were no statistically significant differ-ences in the rates of neurological improvement and neurological deterioration at 14 days after treatment,the rate of good prognosis,and MRS scores at 90 days after treatment among the three groups(P＞0.05).There were statistically significant differences in NIHSS scores between baseline and 7 and 14 days after treatment in all three groups(P＜0.05),and the differences in NIHSS scores from baseline at the above time points were higher in observation group B than in observation group A and the control group(P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in MOCA scores among the three groups before treatment(P＞0.05);however,the MOCA scores in the observation group B were higher than those in observation group A and the control group at 14,30,and 90 days after treatment(P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence rates of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage,fatal intracranial hemorrhage,and mortality at 90 days after treatment among the three groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Tirofiban combined with oxiracetam can improve cognitive function in patients with acute anterior circulation progressive cerebral infarc-tion without increasing the risk of hemorrhage,and has better prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the regulatory effect of leptin via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway on the core-binding factor β-subunit (CBFβ) and its molecular mechanism in promoting chondrocyte apoptosis.Methods:A total of five patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty due to knee osteoarthritis (OA group) and five patients undergoing amputation due to trauma (amputation group) were enrolled, and knee cartilage samples were obtained intraoperatively. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of leptin, CBFβ, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1), and MMP13. Flow cytometry was performed to determine the optimal treatment duration and concentration of leptin. Chondrocytes were divided into the following groups based on treatment conditions: control group (untreated chondrocytes), leptin group (chondrocytes treated with 50 ng/ml leptin), negative leptin group (chondrocytes transfected with a non-targeting sequence as a control), and leptin+shCBFβ group (chondrocytes transfected with shCBFβ to inhibit CBFβ expression). Apoptosis and the expression levels of MMP1 and MMP13 were analyzed in the four groups. Additionally, chondrocytes were categorized into the following groups for further analysis: control group (untreated cells), leptin group (cells stimulated with 50 ng/ml leptin for 48 h), AG490 group (cells treated with the JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor AG490), and leptin+AG490 group (cells pretreated with AG490 for 2 h followed by 50 ng/ml leptin stimulation for 48 h). The protein expression levels of CBFβ, MMP1, and MMP13, as well as the apoptosis rate, were examined in the four groups.Results:The relative expression levels of leptin, CBFβ, MMP1, and MMP13 in the amputation group were 0.66±0.06, 0.69±0.06, 0.74±0.05, and 0.41±0.03, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the OA group (1.04±0.10, 1.06±0.09, 0.95±0.04, and 0.99±0.09, respectively) ( P<0.05). The optimal treatment duration and concentration of leptin were determined to be 48 h and 50 ng/ml, respectively. The expression levels of MMP1 and MMP13 significantly differed among the control, leptin, negative leptin, and leptin+shCBFβ groups ( P<0.05). Specifically, the leptin group showed higher expression levels compared to the control group, while the leptin+shCBFβ group exhibited lower expression levels than the leptin group ( P<0.05). The apoptosis rates of chondrocytes in the four groups were 4.55%±1.30%, 22.52%±2.03%, 22.03%±2.01%, and 5.15%±0.91%, respectively, with significant differences ( F=114.066, P<0.001). The apoptosis rate in the leptin group was significantly higher than that in the control group, while the leptin+shCBFβ group exhibited a significantly lower apoptosis rate than the leptin group ( P<0.05). Similarly, significant differences were observed in the expression levels of CBFβ, MMP1, and MMP13 among the control, leptin, AG490, and leptin+AG490 groups ( P<0.05). The expression levels in the leptin group were higher than those in the control group, while the leptin+AG490 group exhibited lower expression levels compared to the leptin group ( P<0.05). The apoptosis rates of chondrocytes in the control, leptin, AG490, and leptin+AG490 groups were 5.19±0.94%, 31.52±2.63%, 5.51±1.41%, and 10.47±0.85%, respectively, with significant differences ( F=117.104, P<0.001). The apoptosis rate in the leptin group was significantly higher than that in the control group, while the leptin+AG490 group exhibited a significantly lower apoptosis rate than the leptin group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Leptin promotes CBFβ expression via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, leading to chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation.

Objective:To examine whether immunohistochemistry of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) and p16 could be used to predict the CDKN2A status in various brain tumors.Methods:A total of 118 cases of IDH-mutant astrocytomas, 16 IDH-wildtype glioblastoma, 17 polymorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) and 20 meningiomas diagnosed at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China from November 2017 to October 2023 were collected and analyzed. The CDKN2A status was detected by using fluorescence in situ hybridization or next-generation sequencing. Expression of MTAP and p16 proteins was detected with immunohistochemistry. The association of loss of MTAP/p16 expression with CDKN2A homozygous/heterozygous deletion was examined.Results:Among the 118 cases of IDH-mutant astrocytoma, 13 cases showed homozygous deletion of CDKN2A. All of them had no expression of MTAP while 9 cases had no expression of p16. Among the 16 cases of IDH wild-type glioblastoma, 6 cases showed homozygous deletion of CDKN2A. All 6 cases had no expression of MTAP, while 3 of these cases had no expression of p16 expression. Among the 17 PXA cases, 4 cases showed homozygous deletion of CDKN2A, and the expression of MTAP and p16 was also absent in these 4 cases. Among the 20 cases of meningiomas, 4 cases showed homozygous deletion of CDKN2A. Their expression of MTAP and p16 was also absent. Among the four types of brain tumors, MTAP was significantly correlated with CDKN2A homozygous deletion ( P<0.05), with a sensitivity of 100%. However, it was only significantly correlated with the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of CDKN2A in astrocytomas ( P<0.001). P16 was associated with CDKN2A homozygous deletion in IDH-mutant astrocytoma and PXA ( P<0.001), but not with the LOH of CDKN2A. Its sensitivity and specificity were lower than that of MTAP. Conclusions:MTAP could serve as a predictive surrogate for CDKN2A homozygous deletion in adult IDH-mutant astrocytoma, PXA, adult IDH-wildtype glioblastoma and meningioma. However, p16 could only be used in the first two tumor types, and its specificity and sensitivity are lower than that of MTAP.

Objective:To retrospectively analyze the anesthetic management characteristics of children undergoing resection of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL).Methods:The clinical data from patients undergoing resection of PPGL and confirmed histologically from January 1, 2010 to June 30, 2023 were retrospectively collected. The baseline characteristics, intraoperative conditions and postoperative complications were recorded.Results:The clinical data from 47 pediatric patients were analyzed. The overall incidence of hemodynamic instability events was 68% (32 cases). Lowering preoperative blood pressure to normal levels and the maximum diameter of tumor≥6 cm was helpful in reducing the incidence of the intraoperative hemodynamic instability events ( P<0.05). Postoperative hypotension developed in 7 cases, acute left heart failure in 1 case, arrhythmia in 1 case, adrenocortical insufficiency in 4 cases, and pulmonary infection in 13 cases. Conclusions:Thorough preoperative preparation, evidence-based anesthetic management, and meticulous postoperative vital sign monitoring can increase the perioperative safety for children undergoing resection of PPGL, thereby reducing the incidence of complications.

Objective:To analyze the clinicopathological and molecular features and prognostic implications of adult isocitrate dehydrogenase wild type (IDH-wt) diffuse gliomas.Methods:A total of 87 cases of adult IDH-wt diffuse gliomas from 2016 to 2020 in Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University were retrospectively collected. The clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis were analyzed. Molecular characteristics were also analyzed using Sanger sequencing and next generation sequencing.Results:There were 53 males and 34 females, aged from 19 to 78 years (mean 53 years). Histopathologically, there were 63 (72.4%) glioblastomas, 16 (18.4%) anaplastic astrocytomas, six (6.9%) diffuse astrocytomas, and one (1.1%) each of anaplastic oligodendrocytoma, and anaplastic oligodendroglioma. Common molecular genetic changes in IDH-wt gliomas included TERT promoter mutation which was found in 60 cases (69.0%); MGMT promoter methylation in 43 cases (49.4%); EGFR mutation in 38 cases (43.7%); PTEN mutation in 35 cases (40.2%) and TP53 mutation in 32 cases (36.8%). In addition, PDGFRA mutation was detected in 17 cases (19.5%), CDK4 amplification in 15 cases (17.2%) and MDM2 amplification in 11 cases (12.6%). In IDH-wt diffuse gliomas, there was no significant difference in the overall survival between TERT promoter, EGFR, PTEN, TP53, PDGFRA, CDK4, MDM2 mutations and the wild-type, since these gene mutations could co-occur in any case ( P>0.05). Also there was no significant difference in the overall survival between the WHO grade Ⅱ/Ⅲ gliomas and glioblastoma patients with these gene mutations ( P>0.05). Conclusions:TERT promoter, EGFR, PTEN, TP53, PDGFRA, CDK4 and MDM2 gene mutations are common molecular genetic changes in adult IDH-wt gliomas, and are associated with poor prognosis. It is suggested that these genes are potentially useful for predicting the prognosis and should be tested in adult IDH-wt gliomas.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological and molecular genetic characteristics of tall cell variant and hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).Methods:Twenty-one cases of tall cell variant (TCV-PTC) of PTC (TCV-PTC) and ten cases of hobnail variant of PTC (HV-PTC), as the highly aggressive group, were collected from Xuanwu Hospital from August 2009 to August 2015. Twenty-two cases of follicular variant and 21 classical PTC cases were included as control. Relevant clinical and pathologic data were obtained, and in some cases, paraffin samples were selected for gene mutation spectrum analysis using second generation sequencing.Results:There were 18 males and 56 females; 57 patients were younger than 55 years of age, and 17 patients were 55 years or older. The mean tumor size was 1.6 cm for the high-aggressive group (TCV-PTC and HV-PTC), 1.1 cm for the follicular subtype, and 1.6 cm for the classical type. There were 54 cases with thyroid capsule invasion, 24 cases with extra-thyroidal invasion, and 45 patients with lymph node metastases. Regional recurrence occurred in 7 cases, no recurrence in 54 cases, and 13 patients were lost to follow-up. The highly aggressive group was more likely to show extra-thyroidal invasion, lymph node metastases and recurrence than those with classical PTC ( P<0.05). Within this cohort, BRAF V600E mutation was detected in 53 cases and TERT promoter mutation in 6 cases. Compared with the single mutation group and no mutation group, BRAF and TERT promoter co-mutation group was more commonly detected in older age, male, larger tumor size and more prone to extra-thyroid invasion ( P<0.05). In addition, among BRAF and TERT co-mutation cases, the highly-aggressive group accounted for the highest proportion (5/6). Conclusions:TCV-PTC and HV-PTC, as highly-aggressive variants of PTC, show more aggressive biologic behavior (more lymph node metastasis, external thyroid invasion and recurrences) than the classical and follicular variants of PTC. Coexisting BRAF and TERT promoter mutations may be associated with invasive biologic behavior.

Objective:To investigate the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation rate, mutation characteristics and distribution characteristics of different mutation types in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Fuyang of Yunnan province, to provide the clinical individualized targeted therapy of NSCLC in this region.Methods:A total of 328 NSCLC patients whose native place were Fuyuan and who underwent EGFR test in Fuyuan County People's Hospital in Yunnan Province from January 2018 to August 2020 were selected, and their clinical data such as gender, age, ethnicity, pathological type and the results of EGFR test were collected for statistical analysis.Results:The EGFR mutation rate of NSCLC patients was 40.55% (133/328). The EGFR mutation rate of female patients was higher than that of males ( P < 0.01). The EGFR mutation rate showed a downward trend with age, the EGFR mutation rate of patients ≤ 60 years old was higher than that of patients > 60 years old ( P = 0.014). The EGFR mutation rate in ethnic minority was not statistically different from Han nationality ( P = 0.789). The EGFR mutation rate of patients without smoking history was higher than that of patients with smoking history ( P<0.01). Patients with adenocarcinoma had a higher EGFR mutation rate than squamous cell carcinoma ( P = 0.002). The EGFR mutation rate in patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱwere higher than that in patents with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ ( P = 0.013). The EGFR mutation rate in tissue samples were higher than that in peripheral blood samples ( P = 0.009). In 328 patients the EGFR single-point mutation rate was 24.70% (81/328), and the compound mutation rate was 15.85% (52/328); the common mutation rate was 17.07% (56/328), and the rare mutation rate was 23.48% (77/328). The top 5 mutation types were L858R (10.06%), G719X+S768I (7.32%), 19-Del (7.01%), G719X+L861Q (6.40%), and G719X (4.21%). In 133 patients with EGFR mutation, the proportion of patients with rare mutation [57.89% (77/133)] was higher than the proportion of patients with common mutation [42.11% (56/133)]. Conclusion:The EGFR mutation rates of female, adenocarcinoma, non-smoking and young NSCLC patients in Fuyuan area are high, and the rare mutation rate is high.

The data of pediatric patients who underwent scoliosis surgery from July 2016 to July 2019 were collected retrospectively.The pediatric patients were divided into traditional ventilation group (T group) and lung-protective ventilation group (P group) based on the ventilator settings.Standardized tidal volume(V T)was obtained by V T/ideal body weight (IBW). Patients with standardized V T ≥ 8 ml/kg and without positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) were included in group T, and patients with V T <8 ml/kg and PEEP 4-8 cmH 2O were included in group P. The propensity score was used to match the baseline information and intraoperative variables in the two groups.A total of 415 pediatric patients accepted screening, and 171 cases were successfully matched, including 92 cases in group T and 79 cases in group P. Compared with group T, the incidence and grade of pulmonary complications were significantly decreased at day 30 after operation, postanesthesia care unit stay time was shortened, body temperature was decreased at 24 h after operation, V T, standardized V T and oxygenation index were decreased, P ETCO 2, PEEP, ventilation frequency and I∶ E were increased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in IBW, PaCO 2, incidence of postoperative surgical complications and anesthesia-related complications, plasma C-reactive protein concentration and white blood cell count at 24 h after operation, hospitalization time and hospitalization cost in group P ( P>0.05). In conclusion, the lung-protective ventilation strategy low V T combined with PEEP can decrease the risk of postoperation lung complications and is helpful in improving prognosis in the pediatric patients undergoing scoliosis surgery as compared with traditional mechanical ventilation strategy.

Objective: To summarize the clinicopathological features of cystic meningioangiomatosis. Methods: The clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics and pathological features of a case of cystic meningioangiomatosis were analysed, and the relevant literature was reviewed. Results: A 16-year-old male patient from Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University had a history of epileptic seizures for more than three months. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a cystic mass in the left frontal lobe with long T₁ and long T₂ signals. Extensive resection of the upper frontal gyrus was performed. The excised lesion presented with a cystic shape after incision and contained colorless translucent liquid. Microscopic examination of the lesion showed that the number of blood vessels in the local cortex of the brain tissue was increased and the vessels appeared to be branching. The blood vessel walls were surrounded by proliferative spindle cells, which were arranged in concentric circles. Immunohistochemical study revealed that those spindle cells and the cyst wall were vimentin positive. These cells had a rich reticular fibers. Ten months after the operation, the general condition of the patient was good, no epileptic seiƶure was observed, and the follow-up MRI did not reveal any residual lesion. Conclusions MRI of cystic meningioangiomatosis shows cystic space occupying. Pathological findings show typical features of meningioangiomatosis and cystic space formation. Cystic meningioangiomatosis has good prognosis after surgical resection.