Objective To analyze the characteristics of viral hepatitis mortality and life loss among residents in Pudong New Area from 2003 to 2023, and to provide a basis for related prevention and control work. Methods Viral hepatitis mortality data were obtained from the Pudong New Area mortality monitoring system. The crude mortality rate (CMR), standardized mortality rate (SMR), potential years of life lost (PYLL), average years of life lost (AYLL), and standardized potential years of life lost (SPYLL) were calculated to analyze viral hepatitis deaths. The average annual change (AAPC) and annual percentage change (APC) of the mortality rate were calculated by Joinpoint regression analysis to analyze the trend of mortality. Results The CMR and SMR of viral hepatitis among residents in Pudong New Area from 2003 to 2023 were 3.89/100000 and 1.98/100000, respectively. Both CMR and SMR of viral hepatitis showed a decreasing trend over time (CMR:APC=-5.476, t=-13.581, P<0.001; SMR:APC=- 7.624, t= -21.253, P<0.001). The CMR for males was 4.75/100000 and the SMR for males was 2.65/100000; the CMR for females was 3.04/100000 and the SMR for females was 1.32/100000, with a higher mortality rate for males than for females（Z_CME=12.094，P<0.001; Z_SMR=-14.718，P<0.001). Deaths were concentrated in the age groups of 45-64 years old and 65 years old and above, accounting for 91.62% of the total deaths. The PYLL of deaths due to viral hepatitis among residents in Pudong New Area from 2003 to 2023 was 26912 person-years, with a PYLLR of 0.45% and an AYLL of 8.88 years per person. Conclusion The mortality rate of viral hepatitis among the residents of Pudong New Area in 2003-2023 shows a decreasing trend over time. The mortality rate of males is higher than that of females, and the deaths of middle-aged and elderly people account for a large proportion of the total deaths. Chronic hepatitis B is the main cause of death.

Background The crude mortality rate of sudden death has shown a steady upward trend. Pudong New Area, Shanghai, is a highly urbanized and densely populated district that is substantially affected by the urban heat island effect and has experienced frequent extreme temperature events in recent years. However, evidence on the association between ambient temperatures and sudden death among local residents remains limited. Objective To examine the association between daily mean temperature and sudden death in Pudong New Area, and to provide evidence for reducing temperature-related risks of sudden death. Methods Data on sudden death, meteorological factors (daily average temperature, daily average relative humidity, and daily average air pressure), and air pollutants [inhalable particulate matter (PM₁₀), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂)] in Pudong New Area from 2016 to 2021 were collected. A distributed lag non-linear model was used to examine the associations of daily mean temperature with total sudden death and sudden death due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, including lagged and cumulative effects (lag0, 0-3, 0-7, 0-14, and 0-21 d). Stratified analyses were performed by sex, age, and education level to identify vulnerable populations. The temperature attributable burden of sudden death was assessed by calculating attributable number (AN) and attribute fraction (AF). Results A total of 19458 sudden deaths were reported in Pudong New Area from 2016 to 2021, of which 11082 (56.95%) were due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Both low (P₅, 4.6 ℃) and high (P₉₅, 30.2 ℃) temperatures were associated with increased risks of sudden death. The cumulative risks associated with low temperature peaked at lag 0-21 d for both total sudden death and sudden death due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In contrast, the cumulative risks associated with high temperature peaked at lag 0-7 d for total sudden death and at lag 0-3 d for sudden death due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Stratified analyses showed that females, individuals aged ≥65 years, and those with primary school education or below were more sensitive to low temperature; whereas females, individuals aged <65 years, and those with secondary school education or above were more sensitive to high temperature. Using 21.5 ℃ as the minimum mortality temperature, the AN of total sudden deaths attributable to non-optimal temperature was 3791 (95%CI: 1853, 5587), with an AF of 20.41% (95%CI: 9.47%, 28.94%); the AN attributable to low temperature was 3358 (95%CI: 1087, 5062), with an AF of 17.26% (95%CI: 5.89%, 26.01%), whereas the AN attributable to high temperature was 225 (95%CI: −274, 655), with an AF of 2.03% (95%CI: −2.53%, 5.78%). For sudden deaths due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, the AN attributable to non-optimal temperature was 2721 (95%CI: 1747, 5575), with an AF of 24.55% (95%CI: 9.59%, 28.65%); the AN attributable to low temperature was 2496 (95%CI: 988, 3562), with an AF of 22.53% (95%CI: 8.97%, 32.41%), whereas the AN attributable to high temperature was 614 (95%CI: −15, 1176), with an AF of 3.15% (95%CI: −0.08%, 6.02%). Conclusions Both low (P₅, 4.6 ℃) and high (P₉₅, 30.2 ℃) temperatures are associated with increased risks of sudden death in Pudong New Area, Shanghai. High temperature shows a relative short-term effect, whereas low temperature shows a stronger cumulative effect. Females, people ≥65 years, and individuals with primary school educational attainment or below are more vulnerable to low temperature, while females, people <65 years, and those with secondary school educational attainment or above are more vulnerable to high temperature. The attributable burden of low temperature is greater than that of high temperature. Targeted health protection measures should be strengthened for vulnerable populations during extreme temperature events.

[Purpose]To analyze the trends in pancreatic cancer mortality and disease burden among residents in Shanghai Pudong New Area from 2002 to 2022,and to investigate the effects of age,period,and birth cohort on mortality risk.[Methods]Data on pancreatic cancer deaths among residents of Pudong New Area from 2002 to 2022 were collected through the Shanghai Population Cause of Death Registration System.The crude mortality rate,age-standardized mortality rate by Chinese standard population(ASMRC),potential years of life lost(PYLL),potential years of life lost rate(PYLLR),and average years of life lost(AYLL)were calculated.Joinpoint regression was applied to calculate the average annual percentage change(AAPC)for analyzing the changing trend of the mortality rate of pancreatic cancer.The age-period-cohort model was applied with R 4.4.1 to analyze the age,period,and cohort effects on the mortality risk of pancreatic cancer.[Results]The crude mortality rate of pancreatic cancer among residents in Pudong New Area increased from 10.42/105 in 2002 to 18.73/105 in 2022,showing a significant upward trend(AAPC=2.90％,P＜0.001);the ASMRC was generally stable(AAPC=-0.05％,P=0.775).The crude mortality rate of males(17.09/105)was higher than that of females(13.75/105),and both showed an upward trend(AAPC=3.05％and 2.75％respectively,both P＜0.001).After the age of 40,the mortality rate of pancreatic cancer increased significantly with the growth of age in both sexes.The PYLL was 31 347 person-years,showing an upward trend(AAPC=1.83％,P＜0.001),and the AYLL was 3.59 years,showing a downward trend(AAPC=-2.45％,P＜0.001).The age effect showed that the mortality risk of pan-creatic cancer was increased with age;the period effect showed that the mortality risk decreased from 2002 to 2016 and then increased;the cohort effect showed that the mortality risk increased with the advancement of the birth cohort.[Conclusion]From 2002 to 2022,the crude mortality rate of pancreatic cancer in Pudong New Area showed an upward trend,and the mortality rate of males was higher than that of females.The mortality risk of pancreatic cancer increases with age,and the later the birth year of the residents,the higher the mortality risk.Early screening should be strengthened for men and the elderly,environmental and lifestyle risk factors should be paid attention to in combination with the characteristics of cohort effect,and the prevention and control strategy for the whole population should be optimized.

Purpose To investigate the correlation between two autophagy-related proteins,JMY and WHAMM,and autophagic dysfunction and prognosis in gliomas.Methods A total of 113 cases of diffuse gliomas and 14 control brain tissues were collected.The expression of JMY,WHAMM,and autophagy-related markers were evaluated using the EnVision two-step method of immunohistochemistry.Correlations between the expression of JMY and WHAMM and clinicopathological features,prognosis,and autophagy markers were analyzed.Results The high expression rates of JMY and WHAMM in control brain tissue were significantly higher than those in diffuse gliomas.The expressions of JMY and WHAMM were associated with pathological grade and age.Compared with low-grade gliomas(LGG),high-grade gliomas(HGG)showed significantly lower high-expression rates of JMY and WHAMM.Patients with low expres-sion of JMY and WHAMM had shorter overall survival than those with high expression.Cox regression analysis indica-ted that the high pathological grade and low expression of JMY were independent prognostic risk factors.The expression profiles of autophagy markers suggested reduced autophagic activity in HGGs,and JMY expression was positively corre-lated with autophagy markers.Conclusion The high expression rates of JMY and WHAMM are significantly lower in HGGs compared to LGGs.JMY and WHAMM may serve as potential molecular markers for the prognostic evaluation of diffuse gliomas.

BACKGROUND:SOX5 is an important transcription factor of the SRY-related HMG-box(SOX)family,which plays a key role in regulating the expression of genes related to bone development and remodeling,especially during osteoblast differentiation and chondrocyte maturation,through its unique HMG box DNA structural domains in concert with SOX6 and SOX9.In addition,the expression and activity of SOX5 and its family are regulated by a variety of diseases and different forms of exercise,among other factors,suggesting that SOX5 and its family have the potential to be effective as drugs and therapeutics to ameliorate related diseases in the future.OBJECTIVE:To provide new perspectives for future research on SOX5 and to provide scientific basis for the application of exercise intervention and drug therapy in the prevention and treatment of bone diseases.METHODS:CNKI and PubMed databases were searched for relevant literature published from 2001 to June 2024,and the search terms were"SRY-related HMG-box5,SOX5,Bone"in Chinese and English,respectively.After screening,analysis and summarization,105 articles were included in the final review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Role of SOX5 in bone development:SOX5 is an important member of the SOX family,which plays a central role in the regulation of skeletal development,bone metabolism and cartilage formation.In synergy with SOX6 and SOX9,SOX5 activates gene expression in osteoblasts and chondrocytes by binding to specific DNA sequences to regulate bone formation and bone remodeling.(2)Abnormal expression of SOX5 is closely related to bone and joint diseases such as chondrodysplasia,osteoporosis and osteoarthritis,suggesting that it may be a key regulator of these diseases.Currently,a variety of drugs may be used to treat bone metabolism-related diseases by regulating SOX5 and its family,and upregulation of SOX5 in mesenchymal stem cells may be effective in improving the symptoms of bone metabolism disease patients in bone tissue engineering.(3)Exercise may effectively prevent osteoporosis and related bone diseases by enhancing bone metabolism and promoting osteoblast differentiation and bone density increase.This mechanism of action may be related to the specific regulatory mechanism of SOX5,especially in different types,intensities and durations of exercise need to be further explored and studied.In conclusion,SOX5 has an important regulatory role in bone development,chondrogenesis,and prevention of bone diseases,and its activity is regulated by a variety of factors,while exercise intervention provides a new scientific basis for the treatment of bone diseases.

Purpose To investigate the correlation between two autophagy-related proteins,JMY and WHAMM,and autophagic dysfunction and prognosis in gliomas.Methods A total of 113 cases of diffuse gliomas and 14 control brain tissues were collected.The expression of JMY,WHAMM,and autophagy-related markers were evaluated using the EnVision two-step method of immunohistochemistry.Correlations between the expression of JMY and WHAMM and clinicopathological features,prognosis,and autophagy markers were analyzed.Results The high expression rates of JMY and WHAMM in control brain tissue were significantly higher than those in diffuse gliomas.The expressions of JMY and WHAMM were associated with pathological grade and age.Compared with low-grade gliomas(LGG),high-grade gliomas(HGG)showed significantly lower high-expression rates of JMY and WHAMM.Patients with low expres-sion of JMY and WHAMM had shorter overall survival than those with high expression.Cox regression analysis indica-ted that the high pathological grade and low expression of JMY were independent prognostic risk factors.The expression profiles of autophagy markers suggested reduced autophagic activity in HGGs,and JMY expression was positively corre-lated with autophagy markers.Conclusion The high expression rates of JMY and WHAMM are significantly lower in HGGs compared to LGGs.JMY and WHAMM may serve as potential molecular markers for the prognostic evaluation of diffuse gliomas.

BACKGROUND:SOX5 is an important transcription factor of the SRY-related HMG-box(SOX)family,which plays a key role in regulating the expression of genes related to bone development and remodeling,especially during osteoblast differentiation and chondrocyte maturation,through its unique HMG box DNA structural domains in concert with SOX6 and SOX9.In addition,the expression and activity of SOX5 and its family are regulated by a variety of diseases and different forms of exercise,among other factors,suggesting that SOX5 and its family have the potential to be effective as drugs and therapeutics to ameliorate related diseases in the future.OBJECTIVE:To provide new perspectives for future research on SOX5 and to provide scientific basis for the application of exercise intervention and drug therapy in the prevention and treatment of bone diseases.METHODS:CNKI and PubMed databases were searched for relevant literature published from 2001 to June 2024,and the search terms were"SRY-related HMG-box5,SOX5,Bone"in Chinese and English,respectively.After screening,analysis and summarization,105 articles were included in the final review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Role of SOX5 in bone development:SOX5 is an important member of the SOX family,which plays a central role in the regulation of skeletal development,bone metabolism and cartilage formation.In synergy with SOX6 and SOX9,SOX5 activates gene expression in osteoblasts and chondrocytes by binding to specific DNA sequences to regulate bone formation and bone remodeling.(2)Abnormal expression of SOX5 is closely related to bone and joint diseases such as chondrodysplasia,osteoporosis and osteoarthritis,suggesting that it may be a key regulator of these diseases.Currently,a variety of drugs may be used to treat bone metabolism-related diseases by regulating SOX5 and its family,and upregulation of SOX5 in mesenchymal stem cells may be effective in improving the symptoms of bone metabolism disease patients in bone tissue engineering.(3)Exercise may effectively prevent osteoporosis and related bone diseases by enhancing bone metabolism and promoting osteoblast differentiation and bone density increase.This mechanism of action may be related to the specific regulatory mechanism of SOX5,especially in different types,intensities and durations of exercise need to be further explored and studied.In conclusion,SOX5 has an important regulatory role in bone development,chondrogenesis,and prevention of bone diseases,and its activity is regulated by a variety of factors,while exercise intervention provides a new scientific basis for the treatment of bone diseases.

[Purpose]To analyze the trends in pancreatic cancer mortality and disease burden among residents in Shanghai Pudong New Area from 2002 to 2022,and to investigate the effects of age,period,and birth cohort on mortality risk.[Methods]Data on pancreatic cancer deaths among residents of Pudong New Area from 2002 to 2022 were collected through the Shanghai Population Cause of Death Registration System.The crude mortality rate,age-standardized mortality rate by Chinese standard population(ASMRC),potential years of life lost(PYLL),potential years of life lost rate(PYLLR),and average years of life lost(AYLL)were calculated.Joinpoint regression was applied to calculate the average annual percentage change(AAPC)for analyzing the changing trend of the mortality rate of pancreatic cancer.The age-period-cohort model was applied with R 4.4.1 to analyze the age,period,and cohort effects on the mortality risk of pancreatic cancer.[Results]The crude mortality rate of pancreatic cancer among residents in Pudong New Area increased from 10.42/105 in 2002 to 18.73/105 in 2022,showing a significant upward trend(AAPC=2.90％,P＜0.001);the ASMRC was generally stable(AAPC=-0.05％,P=0.775).The crude mortality rate of males(17.09/105)was higher than that of females(13.75/105),and both showed an upward trend(AAPC=3.05％and 2.75％respectively,both P＜0.001).After the age of 40,the mortality rate of pancreatic cancer increased significantly with the growth of age in both sexes.The PYLL was 31 347 person-years,showing an upward trend(AAPC=1.83％,P＜0.001),and the AYLL was 3.59 years,showing a downward trend(AAPC=-2.45％,P＜0.001).The age effect showed that the mortality risk of pan-creatic cancer was increased with age;the period effect showed that the mortality risk decreased from 2002 to 2016 and then increased;the cohort effect showed that the mortality risk increased with the advancement of the birth cohort.[Conclusion]From 2002 to 2022,the crude mortality rate of pancreatic cancer in Pudong New Area showed an upward trend,and the mortality rate of males was higher than that of females.The mortality risk of pancreatic cancer increases with age,and the later the birth year of the residents,the higher the mortality risk.Early screening should be strengthened for men and the elderly,environmental and lifestyle risk factors should be paid attention to in combination with the characteristics of cohort effect,and the prevention and control strategy for the whole population should be optimized.

【Objective】 To understand the prevalence of overweight/obesity among school-age children in Pudong New Area of Shanghai, and to explore the influence of gestational weight gain and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) on weight status of school-age children. 【Methods】 From November to December 2020,a stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to select first-grade students from 13 primary schools in Pudong New Area of Shanghai.After matching with the birth monitoring database, 755 students with complete birth information were selected as the study subjects.The relevant information of mothers before and during pregnancy was retrospectively collected, and the effects of pregnancy weight gain combined with pre-pregnancy BMI on overweight/obesity in school-age children were analyzed. 【Results】 1) The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity of first-grade children were 15.89% and 18.41%, respectively.2) Maternal excessive weight gain during pregnancy (OR=1.678) and overweight/obesity before pregnancy (OR=2.315,2.412) were risk factors for overweight/obesity of the offspring at school age(P<0.05).3) For mothers who were underweight before pregnancy, excessive weight gain during pregnancy was associated with overweight/obesity in school-age children in their offspring (OR=7.436, 95%CI: 1.489 - 37.143,P<0.05).4) Excessive weight gain during pregnancy combined with overweight/obesity before pregnancy significantly increased the risk of overweight/obesity in offspring (OR=3.606, 95%CI: 2.030 - 6.405, P<0.05). Mothers who gained a moderate amount of weight during pregnancy and were emaciated before pregnancy had a significantly lower risk of overweight/obesity in their school-age children (OR=0.217, 95%CI: 0.049 - 0.967, P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Excessive weight gain during pregnancy increases the risk of overweight/obesity in school-age children in their offspring, strengthening pregnancy health education and perinatal care to help pregnant women maintain appropriate weight gain during pregnancy may be an important and novel strategy to prevent childhood obesity.

The data of pediatric patients who underwent scoliosis surgery from July 2016 to July 2019 were collected retrospectively.The pediatric patients were divided into traditional ventilation group (T group) and lung-protective ventilation group (P group) based on the ventilator settings.Standardized tidal volume(V T)was obtained by V T/ideal body weight (IBW). Patients with standardized V T ≥ 8 ml/kg and without positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) were included in group T, and patients with V T <8 ml/kg and PEEP 4-8 cmH 2O were included in group P. The propensity score was used to match the baseline information and intraoperative variables in the two groups.A total of 415 pediatric patients accepted screening, and 171 cases were successfully matched, including 92 cases in group T and 79 cases in group P. Compared with group T, the incidence and grade of pulmonary complications were significantly decreased at day 30 after operation, postanesthesia care unit stay time was shortened, body temperature was decreased at 24 h after operation, V T, standardized V T and oxygenation index were decreased, P ETCO 2, PEEP, ventilation frequency and I∶ E were increased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in IBW, PaCO 2, incidence of postoperative surgical complications and anesthesia-related complications, plasma C-reactive protein concentration and white blood cell count at 24 h after operation, hospitalization time and hospitalization cost in group P ( P>0.05). In conclusion, the lung-protective ventilation strategy low V T combined with PEEP can decrease the risk of postoperation lung complications and is helpful in improving prognosis in the pediatric patients undergoing scoliosis surgery as compared with traditional mechanical ventilation strategy.