Immunotherapy has become a pivotal treatment regimen for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, its efficacy is influenced by various factors. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the primary etiological factors leading to HCC. HBV DNA replication can alter the immune microenvironment through multiple mechanisms, notably by upregulating the expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), thereby facilitating tumor immune escape. Paradoxically, this upregulation of PD-1/PD-L1 may enhance the response rate to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and potentiate the antitumor effect. This review aims to summarize current research progress on the relationship between HBV DNA load and the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, explore the underlying mechanisms, and provide a scientific basis for promoting personalized treatment strategies for patients with HBV-related HCC.

Immunotherapy has become a pivotal treatment regimen for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, its efficacy is influenced by various factors. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the primary etiological factors leading to HCC. HBV DNA replication can alter the immune microenvironment through multiple mechanisms, notably by upregulating the expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), thereby facilitating tumor immune escape. Paradoxically, this upregulation of PD-1/PD-L1 may enhance the response rate to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and potentiate the antitumor effect. This review aims to summarize current research progress on the relationship between HBV DNA load and the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, explore the underlying mechanisms, and provide a scientific basis for promoting personalized treatment strategies for patients with HBV-related HCC.

Objective:To explore the chest drainage effect of use different diameter thoracic drainage tube after biportal thoracoscopic radical resection for lung cancer.Methods:300 patients with lung cancer who received biportal thoracoscopic radical resection were divided into group A and group B from January 2018 to September 2020. Group A: 150 patients with single 28# thoracic drainage tube after surgery. Group B: 150 patients with single 20# thoracic drainage tube and a negative pressure drainage ball after surgery. The postoperative drainage volume, drainage time, postoperative pain, postoperative thoracic puncture, hospital stay and total hospital expenses were compared.Results:No significant difference between the two groups in terms of sex, age, postoperative pathological type and resection range. There no significant difference between the two groups in total drainage volume [(1 010.31±525.29)ml vs.(985.35±403.93)ml] and total drainage time [(5.69±2.55)days vs.(5.42±1.94)days]. The difference of different diameter thoracic drainage tube used [(5.69±2.55)days vs.(2.88±0.64)days] was statistically significant. There were significant differences between two groups in terms of hospital stay[(12.64±2.89)days vs.(11.25±1.62)days] and total hospital expenses[(62 899.00±1 588.82) yuan vs.(64 327.00±3 587.04)yuan]. No significant differences on the postoperative first day, second day and third day in VAS pain scores. However, on the postoperative fifth day, the difference was statistically significant. In addition, the rate of group A postoperative thoracic puncture was 10%, group B was 0, the comparison was statistically significant.Conclusion:Using a single thin thoracic drainage tube and plus a negative pressure drainage ball after biportal thoracoscopic radical resection for lung cancer will not cause pain increase, shorten hospital stay days, control the rate of postoperative thoracic puncture and then reduce patients total hospital expenses.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of pterostilbene on apoptosis and glycolysis of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells. Methods SKOV3 cells were treated with 0,25,50,100 and 150 μmol/L of pterostilbene for 24,48 and 72 hours. The proliferation of SKOV3 cells was measured by CCK. The effect of pterostilbene on apoptosis of SKOV3 cells was determined by flow cytometry. The glucose consumption and lactate production were detected by glucose oxidase assay and chemical colorimetry. The expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 ( STAT3 ), phosphorylated STAT3 ( p -STAT3) and hexokinase 2 ( HK2) proteins was detected by Western blot. The expression of glucose transporter 1 ( GLUT1) and M2 pyruvate kinase(PKM2)mRNA was detected by qRT-PCR. Results Pterostilbene inhibited the proliferation of SKOV3 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. According to CCK-8 results,100 μmol/L of pterostilbene was selected as the follow-up ex-perimental group and 0 μmol/L as a control group. Pterostilbene could significantly promote the apoptosis of SKOV3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The higher the concentration,the more obvious apoptosis effect,the difference was statistically significant ( P <0. 05). In addition,the levels of glucose consumption and lactate production in the 100 μmol/L group were significantly lower than those in the 0 μmol/L group(P<0. 01). The expression of p-STAT3 and HK2 protein in the 100 μmol/L group was also significant-ly lower than those in the 0 μmol/L group(P<0. 001). The expression of GLUT1and PKM2 mRNA in the 100 μmol/L group was also significantly decreased than those in the 0 μmol/L group(P<0. 01). Conclusion Pterostilbene can inhibit the proliferation of SK-OV3 cells and promote apoptosis,and may inhibit the glycolysis of ovarian cancer through a STAT3/HK2 pathway.

Objective To compare the efficacy of uniform multi-drug therapy (UMDT) versus routine multi-drug therapy (RMDT) for the treatment of multi-bacillary (MB) leprosy patients based on bacterial index changes and frequencies of leprosy reaction.Methods This study recruited newly diagnosed leprosy patients after taking informed consent in three districts of Guizhou province as well as in one district of Yunnan province from November 2003 to June 2005.The patients received 6-month UMDT or 2-year RMDT.Clinical follow up and bacterial reexamination were carried out once a year.Changes of bacterial index (BI) and frequencies of leprosy reaction were compared between the patients receiving RMDT and UMDT.Results A total of 166 patients received UMDT and 170 received RMDT in this study.Among the UMDT-treated patients,114 were skin smear positive,and 83 had been followed up for 42 months; of the RMDT-treated patients,149 underwent all the bacterial examinations during a 48-month follow up.The mean bacterial index decreased from 2.84 before treatment to 0.33 at the end of the 42-month follow up in the 83 patients,and from 2.55 to 0.26 at the end of the 48-month follow up in the 149 patients,with no significant difference in the changes of bacterial index between the two groups (t =0.77,P ＞ 0.05).Bacterial index became negative in 73.5％ (61/83) of the UMDT-treated patients and in 77.2％ (115/149) of the RMDT-treated patients (x2 =0.40,P＞ 0.05)at the end of follow up.During the follow up peroid,the incidence of type Ⅰ leprosy reaction was 14.6％ (13/89) in the UMDT group,significantly higher than that in the RMDT group (3.4％ (5/149),x2 =10.08,P＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions There is no significant difference in mean bacterial index changes and bacterial clearance rate during the follow up peroid between UMDT- and RMDT-treated patients.The incidence of type Ⅰ leprosy reaction is higher in the UMDT group than in the RMDT group,and further investigation is needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying the phenomenon.

Objective To know prevalence of depression, its coping strategies and risk factors among infertile women with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Methods Infertile women with IVF-ET were interviewed with center for epidemiologic studies short depression scale (CES-D10) and an abbreviated version of the COPE inventory (brief COPE), and their basal sex hormone values and estradiol ( E2 ) on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) administration were monitored, as well as the number of oocytes yielded was counted. Results Prevalence of depression was 20.6% in infertile women, higher in those with more than eight years of marriage, infertility for more than six years, and receiving treatment for at least three years. Risk of depression among the women of infertility with monthly family income less than 3000 yuan was 14 times as those with more than 3000 yuan and risk of depression among them due to the factors of their husbands was 2/5 as those not due to men's. Depressive symptoms in the women increased with increasing of their basal follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) level, counted egg number and scores of denial items. Occurrence of their depressive symptoms decreased with higher basal E2 levels, and scores of substance use and humor. Conclusions Some infertile women with IVF-ET do have depression and preventive intervention should be aimed at related factors for depression to improve their psychological health.

Objective To sequence follicle stimulating hormone receptro (FSHR) promoter of the ovarian granulocyte and initially research the molecular mechanism of the poor ovarian response. Methods To study the relationship between FSHR promoter mutation of ovarian granulocyte and ovarian respone. The 263 bp DNA fragments before FSHR 5'initiation site in 70 cases of patients with poor ovarian respone and 88 cases of patients with ovarian normal respone who were in the cycle of IVF-ET were sequenced, Results There were 63 cases which occurred 29th site G → A point mutation in 158 women and the mutation rate was 40. 0%. Mutation rate [ 60. 0% ( 42/70 ) ] of 29th site G → A in group of poor ovarian respone was significantly higher(χ2 = 21. 450,P < 0. 01 ) than normal response group [ 23.9% ( 21/88 ) ]. There was no obviously variability ( t = 0. 457, P 0. 05 ) of basic FSH values between two groups [ G/G group was (7.2 ± 2. 3) U/L, G/A & A/A group was (7. 1±2. 0) U/L];there was obviously variability (t = 35. 81 ,P < 0. 05 ) in the number of follicles sinus between two groups ( G/G group was 14. 2±1.3, G/A & A/A group was 4. 5±0. 8 ) ;there was obviously variability ( t = 40. 35, P < 0. 05 ) in the number of ovum pick-up between two groups ( G/G group was 14. 0±1.2, G/A & A/A group was 4. 5±1.1 ) ;there was obviously variability (t =25. 80,P <0.05) of FE2-peak value between two groups [G/G group was (2 865±557) pmol/L, G/A & A/A group was (880±211 ) pmol/L] ;there was obviously variability (t =40. 22 ,P <0. 05) in the number of mature eggs ( G/G group was 13.6±1.2, G/A&A/Agroupwas4.3±0. 9).Conclusion The 29th site of FSHR promoter significantly affect the activity of FSHR promoter. Mutation of G→A can weaken promoter activity, so that ovarian granulocyte poor respone to FSH.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of the combination of hysterescope and laparoecope in the treatment of tubal obstruction infertility.Methods Two hundred and sixty-slx infertile women managed by the combination of hysteroscope and laparoecope from August 2003 to December 2006 were enrolled.The postoperation tubal recapalization extent and pregnancy rate were analyzed.Results The recanalization rate of the umbrella and ampulla portion was higher (86.9%) than that of other sites (interstitial portion was 33.8%,isthmic portion was 35.5% ),and the pregnancy rote of patients with one tubal recavalization was signifieenfly higher than that of patients with bilateral tubal obstruction.The pregnancy rate was 48.0% in 12 months,little higher than 41.0% in 6 months after operation.Conclusion The combination of hysterecope and laparescope in treatment of tubal obstruction infertility has ideal effect and clinical application value.

Four hundred and five pregnant women whose husbands had positive HBeAg,HBsAg and anti HBc were recruited in the study.Among them.218 women with positive HBsAb were completely randomized into group A and group B,while 187 cases with negative HBsAb formed group C.Women in group A and group C were injected with hepatitis B immunoglobulin(HBIG)before delivery.All newborn babies in 3 groups received routine HCV vaccination.in addition babies in group A and group C also received HBIG iniection within 24 h after birth.The HBV infeetion rate of newborns was 12.1%in group A,12.8%in group B and 23.0%in group C respectively.

This study was to investigate the role of urethral catheter balloon dilatation(F16)in the treatment of intrauterine adhesion after hysteroscopic surgery.A total of 523 patients with severe intrauterine adhesion(IUA)following hysteroscopic surgery underwent urethral catheter balloon dilatation during April 2000 and December 2005.During 3～15 months'follow-up,normal menses were seen in 340 patients (65.0％),nearly normal menses in 165 patients(31.5％),and menoschesis in 18 patients(3.4％).302 patients showed normal uterine cavity with no recurrent endometrial adhesion,203 patients(38.8％)were found slight IUA,and only 18 patients(3.4％)still presented with severe adhesion.No operative complication was reposed.and the pregnant rate was 47.6％.In summary.urethral catheter balloon dilatation.based therapeutic strategies is safe.effective and beneficial.