Objective:To construct a decision tree model to predict the risk of breast cancer in patients with pathological nipple discharge.Methods:A total of 157 patients with pathological nipple discharge,who were diagnosed and treated at Weifang Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2019 to April 2024 and met the inclusion criteria,were selected.A risk prediction model for concurrent breast cancer in patients with pathological nipple discharge was developed using Logistic regression analysis.A decision tree was then constructed,and the predictive performance of the model was assessed based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC).Re-sults:The incidence of concurrent breast cancer among patients with pathological nipple discharge was 24.2%.Accord-ing to the results of binary Logistic regression analysis,elevated CEA and CA 153 levels in nipple discharge,as well as bloody discharge,emerged as independent risk factors for the development of breast cancer in such patients(P<0.05).Based on these findings,a decision tree model was constructed to predict the risk of concurrent breast cancer in patients with pathological nipple discharge.The validation results showed that the Logistic regression model had an AUC value of 0.800,while the decision tree model achieved an AUC value of 0.889.Conclusions:The decision tree model,built upon the identified influencing factors,exhibits strong predictive power for the risk of developing concurrent breast can-cer in patients with pathological nipple discharge,thus facilitating more precise preoperative diagnoses by clinicians for these patients.

A method for determination and targeted screening of diflorasone components in health products using ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)was established.Four representative diflorasone and esters(diflorasone,diflorasone diacetate,diflorasone-17-propionate,and diflorasone-21-propionate)were selected to optimize the pretreatment conditions,and 10 mL of extraction solvent dosage,15 min of extraction time and 5 g of salting-out agent as the optimal conditions were selected by response surface methodology.The results showed that the four analytes exhibited good linearity within the concentration range of 2.0?100 μg/L with the chromatographic peak area,and the correlation coefficients(R2)were all greater than 0.9990,while the results of recovery and relative standard deviation could satisfy the requirements of determination.The common characteristic ions of diflorasone and esters werem/z121 andm/z335,and their specific structures were obtained by analyzing the cleavage pathway based on the optimized determination conditions.A targeted screening method for other esters of diflorasone based on characteristic ions guidance strategy was established.This method had many advantages such as high efficiency,high sensitivity and good reproducibility,and could be used for targeted screening of diflorasone and esters in health products.The developed characteristic ion guided strategy could be employed to construct mass spectral databases for various glucocorticoids,enabling comprehensive targeted screening across a broad range of compounds.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective:To construct a decision tree model to predict the risk of breast cancer in patients with pathological nipple discharge.Methods:A total of 157 patients with pathological nipple discharge,who were diagnosed and treated at Weifang Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2019 to April 2024 and met the inclusion criteria,were selected.A risk prediction model for concurrent breast cancer in patients with pathological nipple discharge was developed using Logistic regression analysis.A decision tree was then constructed,and the predictive performance of the model was assessed based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC).Re-sults:The incidence of concurrent breast cancer among patients with pathological nipple discharge was 24.2%.Accord-ing to the results of binary Logistic regression analysis,elevated CEA and CA 153 levels in nipple discharge,as well as bloody discharge,emerged as independent risk factors for the development of breast cancer in such patients(P<0.05).Based on these findings,a decision tree model was constructed to predict the risk of concurrent breast cancer in patients with pathological nipple discharge.The validation results showed that the Logistic regression model had an AUC value of 0.800,while the decision tree model achieved an AUC value of 0.889.Conclusions:The decision tree model,built upon the identified influencing factors,exhibits strong predictive power for the risk of developing concurrent breast can-cer in patients with pathological nipple discharge,thus facilitating more precise preoperative diagnoses by clinicians for these patients.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) is a common disease in middle-aged and elderly men, with lower urinary tract symptoms as the main manifestation, severely affecting the quality of life of patients. The pathogenesis of BPH is not yet fully understood, and there are still some challenges and limitations in western medicine treatment for BPH. Therefore, finding new and more effective treatment strategies is urgent. In recent years, many basic and clinical studies have confirmed the important role of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of BPH. This article reviews the progress of basic and clinical research in the treatment of BPH with traditional Chinese medicine, and believes that basic research mainly focuses on the active ingredients of Chinese medicine [regulating pathways such as NF-E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/antioxidant response element(ARE), nuclear factor κB(NF-κB), epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3), phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK)/forkhead box O subtype(FOXO3a), etc.], single Chinese herbs(regulating inflammatory factors, oxidative stress-related proteins, cell cycle-related proteins, and apoptotic factors, etc.), and Chinese herbal compounds and patent medicines [regulating extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK1/2), transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)/Smad, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK), PI3K/Akt, Nrf2, trefoil factor 2(TFF2)/Wnt, interleukin-6(IL-6)/Janus kinase 2(JAK2)/STAT3, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR), etc.], and then play a therapeutic role by inhibiting BPH cell proliferation, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, promoting apoptosis, and inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Clinical studies mainly focus on internal treatment, external treatment, combined internal and external treatment, and integrated Chinese and western medicine treatment as the main methods, aiming to improve traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores, prostate symptom scores, residual urine volume, effective bladder volume, sexual quality of life, increase average urine flow rate, maximum urine flow rate, and promote balance of sex hormone secretion. Through this research, it is hoped to provide some reference ideas for clinical research and drug development for BPH.
Prostatic Hyperplasia/metabolism* ; Male ; Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Animals ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics*

The fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) is an RNA demethylase required for catalytic demethylation of N ⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A); it is highly expressed and functions as an oncogene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Currently, the overarching objective of targeting FTO is to precisely inhibit the catalytic activity. Meanwhile, whether FTO degradation also exerts antileukemic effects remains unknown. Herein, we designed the first FTO-targeting proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) degrader QP73 using our FTO inhibitor Dac85-which potently inhibits FTO demethylation in AML cell lines-as a warhead. Notably, QP73 significantly induced FTO degradation in a time-, dose-, and ubiquitin-proteasome system-dependent manner and had superior antiproliferative activities to the FTO inhibitor Dac85 in various AML cell lines. Moreover, QP73 treatment significantly increased m⁶A modification on mRNA, promoted myeloid differentiation, and induced apoptosis of AML cells. Quantitative proteomics analysis showed that QP73 induced complete FTO degradation, upregulating RARA and ASB2 abundance and downregulating CEBPA, MYC, PFKP, and LDHB levels in AML cells. Lastly, QP73 exhibited antileukemic activity by increasing m⁶A modification and decreasing FTO levels in xenograft AML tumors. This proof-of-concept study shows that FTO-targeting PROTAC degraders can regulate the FTO signaling pathway and have potential antileukemia applications.

Cerebroprotein hydrolysate oral liquid (COL) is a neuroprotective preparation composed of various amino acids and peptides, which has beneficial effects on diverse central system diseases. However, the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of oral COL on ischemic stroke (IS) still need to be explored. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of COL on IS in vivo and in vitro. An IS rat model was established through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery, and triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, behavioral scoring, Evans blue leakage, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence staining were performed to investigate the effects of COL on cerebral infarct size, neurological function, blood-brain barrier (BBB) and neuroinflammation in IS rats. An in vitro model of IS was established on hCMEC/D3 cells through oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R), and cell counting kit-8 assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, scratch test and Transwell test were conducted to examine the influence of COL on cell viability, oxidative stress and migration ability. Lipidomics technology, real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot experiments were used to investigate the regulation and mechanism of COL on lipid metabolism in the brain of IS rats. All the animal experiments were approved by Ethical Committee of Animal Experiments of China Pharmaceutical University (No.2022-02-23). Our results showed that intragastric administration of COL could significantly reduce the area of cerebral infarction, improve neurological deficits, lower the levels of inflammatory factors, and protect against the blood-brain barrier damage of rats with IS. OGD/R modeling resulted in a significant decrease in the viability, an elevation in intracellular ROS levels, and a weakened cell migration ability of hCMEC/D3 cells. COL treatment could effectively protect hCMEC/D3 cells from damage caused by OGD/R. More importantly, cerebral ischemia led to significant lipid metabolism disorders in the brain of rats, and significant accumulation of intracerebral triglycerides (TAG) and ceramides (Cer) was observed in IS rats. COL was proved to significantly reverse lipid metabolism disorders in the brain of IS rats and reduce the content of cytotoxic lipid Cer by upregulating the intracerebral levels of an acid ceramidase called N-acylsphingosine amidehydrolase 1 (ASAH1). In summary, COL was proved to be a promising and effective candidate for IS treatment, which could alleviate cerebral ischemic injury by regulating abnormal lipid metabolism.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacies of different surgical methods for elderly patients with lumbar tuberculosis.Methods The clinical data of 289 elderly patients with lumbar tuberculosis admitted to Hebei Chest Hospital from August 2018 to August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.According to surgical methods,the patients were divided into the posterior group(109 cases),the anterior and posterior combination group(81 cases),and the anterior group(99 cases).The time of bone graft and fusion,operation time,hospital stay,intraoperative blood loss,and complications of the three groups were collected and compared among the three groups.The spine Cobb angle was regularly determined,the correction degree was calculated;the levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),white blood cell count(WBC),and C-reactive protein(CRP)were collected and compared among the three groups;and the Frankel grading and visual analogue scale(VAS)scores of the three groups were compared.Results After a 2-year follow-up,there was no significant difference in the time of bone graft and fusion among the three groups(P>0.05),the anterior group had the shortest operation time,the posterior group had the shortest hospital stay,and the lowest intraoperative blood loss and incidence of complications,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The correction degree of the anterior and posterior combination group was better than that of the posterior group and the anterior group(P<0.05),and the Cobb angles after operation and at the last follow-up in the posterior group was better(P<0.05).The anterior and posterior combination group had better improvement effect on CRP and ESR at the last follow-up(P<0.05),the WBC level of the posterior group was lower(P<0.05).The proportions of patients in grade E of Frankel grading at the last follow-up in the three groups were higher than those after surgery(P<0.05);compared with the preoperative period,the VAS scores at the last follow-up of the three groups decreased(P<0.05),and the VAS score of the posterior group was lower(P<0.05).Conclusion The effects of anterior surgery,posterior surgery and anterior and posterior combined surgery in the treatment of elderly lumbar tuberculosis are good,and the approach method can be scientifically and reasonably formulated according to patients' physical condition to improve the clinical treatment effect.