Nanoparticle delivery systems have good application prospects in the field of precision therapy, but the preparation process of nanomaterial has problems such as short in vivo circulation time, easy recognition, and clearance by the immune system in the body. In recent years, biomimetic nanoparticle delivery systems mediated by natural cell membranes have become a research hotspot to address these issues. The natural membrane biomimetic nanoparticle delivery system cleverly integrates the advantages of natural biofilm "autologous" and "artificial" functional carriers by using endogenous cell membranes to modify the surface of nanocarriers, endowing them with characteristics such as tumor targeting, low immunogenicity, and long blood circulation. Currently, biomimetic nanoparticle delivery systems have been used in the treatment of malignant tumors, cardiovascular diseases, bacterial infections, and other diseases. This paper analyzes the development status and current research hotspots of natural cell membrane camouflaged biomimetic nanoparticle delivery systems mainly reviews the latest research progress of red blood cell membrane camouflaged biomimetic nanoparticle delivery systems in the field of disease treatment in recent years. It focuses on exploring the advantages, future development prospects, and limitations of biomimetic nanoparticle delivery systems based on red blood cell membrane camouflage in improving drug delivery, to provide a reference for the in-depth research and development of this system.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the improvement effects and mechanism of Xiangsha yiwei tang on gastric mucosal injury in rats with chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG）. METHODS Rats were randomly assigned into normal control group， model group， Xiangsha yiwei tang low-， medium- and high-dose groups （6， 12， 18 g/kg， calculated by crude drug）， and high-dose group of Xiangsha yiwei tang+740 Y-P [Xiangsha yiwei tang 18 g/kg+transforming growth factor β1/phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase/ protein kinase B（TGF-β1/PI3K/Akt） pathway activator group 740 Y-P 10 mg/kg]， with 18 rats in each group. Rats in each group were administered the corresponding drugs via oral gavage or injection， once daily， for 4 consecutive weeks. Gastric mucosal blood flow， the levels of serum gastrointestinal hormones [including motilin （MTL）， gastrin （GAS）， and pepsinogen （PP）]， as well as inflammatory cytokines [including tumor necrosis factor- α （TNF- α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， IL-6] in rats were measured. Pathological damage to gastric mucosal tissue was observed in rats； the apoptotic rate of gastric mucosal cells was detected. The expressions of TGF-β1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway-related proteins and apoptosis-related proteins [including B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2） and Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）] in the gastric mucosal tissues of rats were assessed. RESULTS Compared with normal control group， model group had abnormal gastric mucosal tissue structure， with shedding of gastric mucosal epithelial cells， and prominent infiltration of inflammatory cells. Gastric mucosal blood flow， the serum levels of MTL， GAS， PP， and Bcl-2 protein expression were lowered significantly， while serum levels of TNF-α， IL-1β and IL-6， apoptosis rate， protein expressions of Bax and TGF-β1， the phosphorylations of PI3K and Akt were increased significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with model group， Xiangsha yiwei decoction groups exhibited attenuated histopathological injuries in gastric mucosal tissues， reduced inflammatory cell infiltration， and significant improvements in the aforementioned quantitative parameters （P＜0.05）. Compared with high-dose group of Xiangsha yiwei tang， high-dose group of Xiangsha yiwei decoction combined with 740 Y-P exhibited significantly aggravated histopathological injuries in gastric mucosal tissues， and the aforementioned quantitative parameters were markedly reversed （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Xiangsha yiwei tang can alleviate gastric mucosal damage in CAG rats， and its mechanism of action is related to the inhibition of TGF-β1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Objective:To analyze the immune reconstitution after BTKi treatment in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL).Methods:The clinical and laboratorial data of 59 CLL patients admitted from January 2017 to March 2022 in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Results:The median age of 59 CLL patients was 60.5(36-78).After one year of BTKi treatment,the CLL clones(CD5+/CD19+)of 51 cases(86.4％)were significantly reduced,in which the number of cloned-B cells decreased significantly from(46±6.1)× 109/L to(2.3±0.4)× 109/L(P=0.0013).But there was no significant change in the number of non-cloned B cells(CD19+minus CD5+/CD19+).After BTKi treatment,IgA increased significantly from(0.75±0.09)g/L to(1.31±0.1)g/L(P＜0.001),while IgG and IgM decreased from(8.1±0.2)g/L and(0.52±0.6)g/L to(7.1±0.1)g/L and(0.47±0.1)g/L,respectively(P＜0.001,P=0.002).BTKi treatment resulted in a significant change in T cell subpopulation of CLL patients,which manifested as both a decrease in total number of T cells from(2.1±0.1)× 109/L to(1.6±0.4)× 109/L and NK/T cells from(0.11±0.1)× 109/L to(0.07±0.01)× 109/L(P=0.042,P=0.038),both an increase in number of CD4+cells from(0.15±6.1)× 109/L to(0.19±0.4)× 109/L and CD8+cells from(0.27±0.01)× 109/L to(0.41±0.08)× 109/L(both P＜0.001).BTKi treatment also up-regulated the expression of interleukin(IL)-2 while down-regulated IL-4 and interferon(IFN)-γ.However,the expression of IL-6,IL-10,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α did not change significantly.BTKi treatment could also restored the diversity of TCR and BCR in CLL patients,especially obviously in those patients with complete remission(CR)than those with partial remission(PR).Before and after BTKi treatment,Shannon index of TCR in patients with CR was 0.02±0.008 and 0.14±0.001(P＜0.001),while in patients with PR was 0.01±0.03 and 0.05±0.02(P＞0.05),respectively.Shannon index of BCR in patients with CR was 0.19±0.003 and 0.33±0.15(P＜0.001),while in patients with PR was 0.15±0.009 and 0.23±0.18(P＜0.05),respectively.Conclusions:BTKi treatment can shrink the clone size in CLL patients,promote the expression of IgA,increase the number of functional T cells,and regulate the secretion of cytokines such as IL-2,IL-4,and IFN-γ.BTKi also promote the recovery of diversity of TCR and BCR.BTKi treatment contributes to the reconstitution of immune function in CLL patients.

Objective:To retrospectively analyze the detection and diagnosis process of two cases with double rare thalassemia genotypes,explore the causes of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of rare thalassemia,and improve the diagnosis level of rare thalassemia.Methods:Base on the family history,hematological phenotype and hemoglobin electrophoretic analysis results,the common genotypes of α and β-thalassemia were detected by PCR+diversion hybridization.DNA sequencing technology was used for rare α and β protein genes sequencing.Results:Both subjects were combined with double rare thalassemia genotypes,and both rare thalassemia gene combinations were reported for the first time.One of them was αβ complex thalassemia with αα*53_55 del TCC/αα heterozygous merger βIVS Ⅱ2(-T)/βN heterozygous,the other was ααIVS-Ⅱ-55(T→G)in α1/αα4,2-Q double azygous heterozygous α-thalassemia,among whichαα*53_55 del TCC/αα genotype was also reported for the first time.Conclusion:The reported rare gene type αα*53_55 del TCC/αα and two cases of rare gene combinations enriches the spectrum of gene mutations in the Chinese population,and provides richer molecular information for thalassemia diagnosis and eugenics counseling.

AIM To investigate the effects and mechanism of Shenxiao Jiedu Tongluo Recipe on renal AIM 2-mediated pyroptosis of a golden hamster model of diabetic nephropathy(DN).METHODS Fifty male golden hamsters of SPF grade were randomly divided into the control group and the model group.The golden hamsters of the model group successfully developed into DN models by feeding of high glucose and high fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of STZ were further randomly assigned into the model group,the enagliflozin group(10 mg/kg),and the low-dose and the high-dose Shenxiao Jiedu Tongluo Recipe groups(12.8,25.6 g/kg)for 8 weeks gavage of the corresponding administration.The golden hamsters had their levels of fasting blood glucose,24 h-UTP,serum TC,LDL-C,Scr,and Sur detected by automatic biochemical analyzer;their serum SOD activity and MDA level detected by biochemical method;their serum levels of IL-1β,IL-18,and TNF-α detected by ELISA method;their pathomorphological changes of kidney tissue observed by HE and PAS staining;their protein expressions of ROS and γH2AX detected by immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry;and their renal protein expressions of AIM 2,caspase-1 and GSDMD detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the model group showed atrophic glomeruli;enlarged glomerular capsule cavity;mesangial expansion;edema and necrosis in the dilated renal tubules;increased levels of fasting blood glucose,24 h-UTP,serum TC,LDL-C,Scr,Sur,IL-1β,IL-18,TNF-α,MDA and renal protein expressions of ROS,γH2AX,AIM2,caspase-1,GSDMD(P＜0.01);and decreased serum SOD activity(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the high-dose Shenxiao Jiedu Tongluo Recipe group and the enagliflozin group displayed improved renal histopathology,decreased levels of 24 h-UTP,serum TC,LDL-C,Scr,Sur,IL-1β,IL-18,TNF-α,MDA and renal protein expressions of ROS,γH2AX,AIM2,caspase-1,GSDMD(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);and increased serum SOD activity(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Shenxiao Jiedu Tongluo Recipe can inhibit AIM 2-mediated cell death and alleviate renal inflammatory damage in golden hamsters by inhibiting their expression of ROS-dsDNA-AIM 2 signal pathway to attain reduction of their renal ROS level,DNA damage of renal intrinsic cells,and synthesis of AIM 2 inflammatory corpuscles as well.

Objective To investigate the effect of rehabilitation instruction based on resourceful theory on the execution intention of exercise behaviour in patient with the first-episode stroke.Methods From September 2022 to February 2023,a total of 80 inpatients with first-episode stroke from a general hospital in Anhui Province participated in the study.Patients in Wards Ⅰ and Ⅱ were assigned to an intervention group,while those in Wards Ⅲ and Ⅳ were assigned to a control group,with 40 patients per group.The patients in control group received standard interventions,while those in the intervention group were offered with a rehabilitation instruction based on resourceful theory in addition to the standard interventions.Stroke patient rehabilitation exercise behaviour execution intention questionnaire,resourcefulness scale and modified Barthel were employed for assessments before and after the intervention.Results After the intervention,the intervention group showed significantly higher scores inexecutive intention of exercise behaviour,resourcefulness level and daily living activities compared to those in the control group(all P＜0.01).Conclusion Rehabilitation instruction based on the theory of resourcefulness can effectively increase the executive intention of exercise behaviour in the patients with first-episode stroke,improve the resourcefulness thinking levels and enhance the daily living activity of the patients.

Background: Immunochemotherapy has demonstrated a promising efficacy for a variety of B-cell lymphoma but has limited efficacy for Epstein–Barr virus-positive (EBV +) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that is refractory or relapsed to conventional chemotherapy regimens. Considering higher programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expres‑ sion in the subset of patients with DLBCL with positive EBV, we speculated that PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy may be an alternative regimen in patients with refractory/relapsed EBV + DLBCL. Methods: This retrospective study included six adult patients diagnosed with refractory EBV + DLBCL resistant to first-line immunochemotherapy regimens (R-CHOP). These patients received PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy as second-line treatment. Results: The final analysis included six patients (four men and two women (median age, 50 years; range, 39–83 years)). Four patients were diagnosed with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) + DLBCL, and two had DLBCL associated with chronic inflammation. Over a median follow-up of 20 months (range, 2–31 months), the objective response rate was 83% (5/6) and the complete remission rate was 67% (4/6). No severe immune-related adverse reactions occurred, and only a mild rash was reported, which did not necessitate the discontinuation of therapy. Conclusion The combination of PD-1 inhibitors and chemotherapy offers promising results as a second-line treat‑ ment for patients with refractory EBV + DLBCL that is resistant to first-line immunochemotherapy regimens. These preliminary findings warrant further investigation in larger clinical trials to validate the efficacy and safety of this therapeutic approach.

Background: Immunochemotherapy has demonstrated a promising efficacy for a variety of B-cell lymphoma but has limited efficacy for Epstein–Barr virus-positive (EBV +) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that is refractory or relapsed to conventional chemotherapy regimens. Considering higher programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expres‑ sion in the subset of patients with DLBCL with positive EBV, we speculated that PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy may be an alternative regimen in patients with refractory/relapsed EBV + DLBCL. Methods: This retrospective study included six adult patients diagnosed with refractory EBV + DLBCL resistant to first-line immunochemotherapy regimens (R-CHOP). These patients received PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy as second-line treatment. Results: The final analysis included six patients (four men and two women (median age, 50 years; range, 39–83 years)). Four patients were diagnosed with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) + DLBCL, and two had DLBCL associated with chronic inflammation. Over a median follow-up of 20 months (range, 2–31 months), the objective response rate was 83% (5/6) and the complete remission rate was 67% (4/6). No severe immune-related adverse reactions occurred, and only a mild rash was reported, which did not necessitate the discontinuation of therapy. Conclusion The combination of PD-1 inhibitors and chemotherapy offers promising results as a second-line treat‑ ment for patients with refractory EBV + DLBCL that is resistant to first-line immunochemotherapy regimens. These preliminary findings warrant further investigation in larger clinical trials to validate the efficacy and safety of this therapeutic approach.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)in twin preterm infants with a gestational age of<34 weeks,and to provide a basis for early identification of BPD in twin preterm infants in clinical practice.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the twin preterm infants with a gestational age of<34 weeks who were admitted to 22 hospitals nationwide from January 2018 to December 2020.According to their conditions,they were divided into group A(both twins had BPD),group B(only one twin had BPD),and group C(neither twin had BPD).The risk factors for BPD in twin preterm infants were analyzed.Further analysis was conducted on group B to investigate the postnatal risk factors for BPD within twins.Results A total of 904 pairs of twins with a gestational age of<34 weeks were included in this study.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with group C,birth weight discordance of>25%between the twins was an independent risk factor for BPD in one of the twins(OR=3.370,95%CI:1.500-7.568,P<0.05),and high gestational age at birth was a protective factor against BPD(P<0.05).The conditional logistic regression analysis of group B showed that small-for-gestational-age(SGA)birth was an independent risk factor for BPD in individual twins(OR=5.017,95%CI:1.040-24.190,P<0.05).Conclusions The development of BPD in twin preterm infants is associated with gestational age,birth weight discordance between the twins,and SGA birth.

Objective To observe the correlation between apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)of sacroiliac joint and spondyloarthritis research consortium of Canada(SPARCC)score in ankylosing spondylitis(AS)patients with different grade sacroiliac joint inflammation.Methods MR examinations of sacroiliac joint were prospectively performed in 35 AS patients(AS group)and 30 healthy controls(HC group).The grade of sacroiliac joint inflammation and SPARCC score in AS group were evaluated according to MRI findings,and the patients were then further divided into bone marrow oedema(BMO)subgroup(n=19)and non-BMO subgroup(n=16)according to whether BMO presented under articular surface or not,and ADC of sacroiliac joint(ADCsacroiliac)were measured.Receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn,the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated to evaluate the efficacy of ADCsacroiliac for assessing AS sacroiliac joint inflammation grade.Pearson correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between ADCsacroiliac and SPARCC score in AS patients with different grade sacroiliac joint inflammation.Results ADCsacroiliac in BMO subgroup and non-BMO subgroup was(4.85±1.44)×10-4 and(4.30±0.64)×10-4 mm2/s,respectively,being not significantly different(P＞0.05)but both higher than that in HC group([3.32±1.36]×10-4 mm2/s,both P＜0.05).The sensitivity of ADCsacroiliac for assessing grade of sacroiliac joint inflammation in AS patients was 49.44％,51.94％,73.06％and 60.50％,with specificity of 75.00％,78.92％,83.33％and 66.67％,respectively,and AUC of 0.613,0.712,0.837 and 0.645,respectively.ADCsacroiliac was moderately-highly positively correlated with SPARCC score of AS patients with Ⅱ and Ⅲgrade sacroiliac joint inflammation(r=0.580,0.933,both P＜0.05),but no obvious correlation was detected between ADCsacroiliac and SPARCC score of AS patients with Ⅰ or Ⅳ grade sacroiliac joint inflammation(both P＞0.05).Conclusion ADCsacroiliac was positively correlated with SPARCC scores of AS patients with Ⅱ and Ⅲ grade sacroiliac joint inflammation,which could be regarded as a reliable quantitative parameter for monitoring sacroiliac joint BMO.