Objective To analyze the distribution of occupational hazard factors (OHFs) in key enterprises in Foshan City. Methods A total of 373 enterprises from 11 key industries in Foshan City in 2022 were selected as the research subjects using the purposive sampling method. Monitoring data of OHFs in workplaces were obtained and analyzed from the "Workplace Occupational Hazards Monitoring Information System" under "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System". Results Among the 373 enterprises, small and micro-sized enterprises, and large and medium-sized enterprises accounted for 85.5% and 14.5% respectively. A total of 24 137 sampling points in the workplaces were monitored for OHFs, with the national standard compliance rate of 92.1%. Among different OHFs, the compliance rates ranked from highest to lowest were chemical agents, dust, and noise (98.0% vs 89.3% vs 52.0%, P<0.01). A total of 63 131 workers were employed in 373 enterprises, among whom 29 753 were exposed to OHFs, yielding an overall exposure rate of 47.1%. Exposure rates of OHFs by enterprise scale, from highest to lowest, were micro-sized, small-sized, medium-sized, and large-sized enterprises (69.2% vs 52.7% vs 47.3% vs 39.0%, P<0.01). The proportion of workers participated in occupational medical examination was 85.1%, with re-examination proportion of 62.5% and the abnormality detection rate of 2.1%. Conclusion In key enterprises in Foshan City, the risk of noise exposure is relatively high, and the exposure rate of OHFs is highest in micro-sized enterprises. The occupational health supervision and management department needs to strengthen the governance of noise hazards in a targeted manner and urge enterprises (especially micro-sized enterprises) to fulfill their primary responsibilities in occupational disease prevention and control.

OBJECTIVE: Emerging evidence suggests that exposure to ultrafine particulate matter (UPM, aerodynamic diameter < 0.1 µm) is associated with adverse cardiovascular events. Previous studies have found that Shenlian (SL) extract possesses anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties and has a promising protective effect at all stages of the atherosclerotic disease process. In this study, we aimed to investigated whether SL improves UPM-aggravated myocardial ischemic injury by inhibiting inflammation and cell apoptosis. METHODS: We established a mouse model of MI+UPM. Echocardiographic measurement, measurement of myocardialinfarct size, biochemical analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), histopathological analysis, Transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL), Western blotting (WB), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and so on were used to explore the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of SL in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS: SL treatment can attenuate UPM-induced cardiac dysfunction by improving left ventricular ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and decreasing cardiac infarction area. SL significantly reduced the levels of myocardial enzymes and attenuated UPM-induced morphological alterations. Moreover, SL significantly reduced expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1. UPM further increased the infiltration of macrophages in myocardial tissue, whereas SL intervention reversed this phenomenon. UPM also triggered myocardial apoptosis, which was markedly attenuated by SL treatment. The results of in vitro experiments revealed that SL prevented cell damage caused by exposure to UPM combined with hypoxia by reducing the expression of the inflammatory factor NF-κB and inhibiting apoptosis in H9c2 cells. CONCLUSION Overall, both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that SL attenuated UPM-aggravated myocardial ischemic injury by inhibiting inflammation and cell apoptosis. The mechanisms were related to the downregulation of macrophages infiltrating heart tissues.
Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Particulate Matter/adverse effects* ; Mice ; Male ; Inflammation/drug therapy* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Myocardial Ischemia/drug therapy* ; Cell Line

Objective:To explore the value of using computed tomography(CT)values to distinguish fresh and old fractures vertebral bodies in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures(OVCF).Methods:Retrospective analysis of clinical data of 101 OVCF patients in our hospital from September 2022 to September 2023.Kappa test for consistency between magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and vertebral CT values in distinguished fresh or old OVCF.The difference of CT values between fresh,old fractures and adjacent normal vertebral bodies were compared.The diagnostic efficiency was analyed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results:There was a high consistency between vertebral CT values and MRI in the diagnosis of OVCF in fresh and old fractures(Kappa value=0.934).There was a difference in difference of CT values between adjacent normal vertebral bodies and fresh fractures vertebral bodies(P＜0.05).There was a difference in difference of CT values of fresh fractures vertebral bodies and old fractures vertebral bodies(P＜0.05).The ROC curve analysis results showed that,the combined measurement of CT values of fresh and old fractured vertebral bodies has an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.723,which was higher than alone measurement of the CT values of fresh fractured vertebral bodies and old fractured vertebral bodies of 0.536 and 0.610(Z=2.548,2.605,2.841,P＜0.05).Conclusion:CT values of vertebral bodies show high consistency in distinguish fresh and old fractures of OVCF compared to MRI findings,and the diagnostic efficiency of combine detection is relatively high.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of conventional computed tomography(CT)combined with enhanced CT scan in bone metastases.Methods:This study was a retrospective observational study,84 suspected bone metastases patients admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to August 2024 were selected,All patients underwent conventional CT and enhanced CT scan and pathological examination,Using pathological examination results as the"gold standard"for diagnosis.The imaging manifestations of bone metastases using conventional CT combined with enhanced CT scan examination were observed;The detection rate and bone metastases types of conventional CT and enhanced CT scan were analyzed;The bone metastases location in different types of malignant tumors were analyzed;The detection results of bone metastases between conventional CT and enhanced CT scan were compared;the diagnostic efficacy of conventional CT and enhanced CT scan alone and in combination for bone metastases were analyzed by Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results:The detection rate of osteogenic,osteolytic,cystic and mixed bone metastases by conventional CT combined with enhanced CT scan was supered to that of conventional CT and enhanced CT scan alone(P＜0.05).Bone metastases from lung cancer,breast cancer and other tumors mainly occur in the spine,limbs and ribs,while esophageal cancer,gastric cancer,liver cancer,prostate cancer,thyroid cancer,renal cancer,and nasopharyngeal cancer had relatively fewer bone metastases.The positive detection cases of bone metastases used conventional CT combined with enhanced CT scan were supered to those used conventional CT and enhanced CT scan alone.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of conventional CT combined with enhanced CT scan for the diagnosis of bone metastases were 94.00％,94.11％and 94.04％,respectively,and the positive/negative predictive values were 95.91％and 91.42％,respectively.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of conventional CT scan were 84.00％,78.78％and 80.95％,respectively,and the positive/negative predictive values were 85.71％and 74.28％,respectively.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of enhanced CT were 89.79％,85.71％and 88.09％,respectively.and the positive and negative predictive values were 89.79％and 85.71％,respectively.The diagnostic efficacy of conventional CT combined with enhanced CT scan for bone metastases was significantly better than that of conventional CT and enhanced CT scan alone.Conclusions:Conventional CT combined with enhanced CT scan can significantly improve the diagnostic efficiency of bone metastases,and provide an important basis for clinical treatment.

Objective:To explore the value of using computed tomography(CT)values to distinguish fresh and old fractures vertebral bodies in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures(OVCF).Methods:Retrospective analysis of clinical data of 101 OVCF patients in our hospital from September 2022 to September 2023.Kappa test for consistency between magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and vertebral CT values in distinguished fresh or old OVCF.The difference of CT values between fresh,old fractures and adjacent normal vertebral bodies were compared.The diagnostic efficiency was analyed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results:There was a high consistency between vertebral CT values and MRI in the diagnosis of OVCF in fresh and old fractures(Kappa value=0.934).There was a difference in difference of CT values between adjacent normal vertebral bodies and fresh fractures vertebral bodies(P＜0.05).There was a difference in difference of CT values of fresh fractures vertebral bodies and old fractures vertebral bodies(P＜0.05).The ROC curve analysis results showed that,the combined measurement of CT values of fresh and old fractured vertebral bodies has an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.723,which was higher than alone measurement of the CT values of fresh fractured vertebral bodies and old fractured vertebral bodies of 0.536 and 0.610(Z=2.548,2.605,2.841,P＜0.05).Conclusion:CT values of vertebral bodies show high consistency in distinguish fresh and old fractures of OVCF compared to MRI findings,and the diagnostic efficiency of combine detection is relatively high.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of conventional computed tomography(CT)combined with enhanced CT scan in bone metastases.Methods:This study was a retrospective observational study,84 suspected bone metastases patients admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to August 2024 were selected,All patients underwent conventional CT and enhanced CT scan and pathological examination,Using pathological examination results as the"gold standard"for diagnosis.The imaging manifestations of bone metastases using conventional CT combined with enhanced CT scan examination were observed;The detection rate and bone metastases types of conventional CT and enhanced CT scan were analyzed;The bone metastases location in different types of malignant tumors were analyzed;The detection results of bone metastases between conventional CT and enhanced CT scan were compared;the diagnostic efficacy of conventional CT and enhanced CT scan alone and in combination for bone metastases were analyzed by Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results:The detection rate of osteogenic,osteolytic,cystic and mixed bone metastases by conventional CT combined with enhanced CT scan was supered to that of conventional CT and enhanced CT scan alone(P＜0.05).Bone metastases from lung cancer,breast cancer and other tumors mainly occur in the spine,limbs and ribs,while esophageal cancer,gastric cancer,liver cancer,prostate cancer,thyroid cancer,renal cancer,and nasopharyngeal cancer had relatively fewer bone metastases.The positive detection cases of bone metastases used conventional CT combined with enhanced CT scan were supered to those used conventional CT and enhanced CT scan alone.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of conventional CT combined with enhanced CT scan for the diagnosis of bone metastases were 94.00％,94.11％and 94.04％,respectively,and the positive/negative predictive values were 95.91％and 91.42％,respectively.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of conventional CT scan were 84.00％,78.78％and 80.95％,respectively,and the positive/negative predictive values were 85.71％and 74.28％,respectively.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of enhanced CT were 89.79％,85.71％and 88.09％,respectively.and the positive and negative predictive values were 89.79％and 85.71％,respectively.The diagnostic efficacy of conventional CT combined with enhanced CT scan for bone metastases was significantly better than that of conventional CT and enhanced CT scan alone.Conclusions:Conventional CT combined with enhanced CT scan can significantly improve the diagnostic efficiency of bone metastases,and provide an important basis for clinical treatment.

Objective To comprehensively analyze the reported preparation methods for animal models of perimenopausal syndrome (PS), to compare the advantages and disadvantages of various preparation elements and detection indexes, so as to provide useful references for the optimization of the relevant animal models as well as the standardization of their application in the efficacy evaluation of new drugs.MethodsIn this paper, literature research methods were applied using "perimenopausal syndrome" as the subject term. The publication period of the literature was limited to January 2016 to February 2023. Relevant literature on the preparation of PS animal models was retrieved from databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, and PubMed. After screening the experimental literature that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, detailed information on experimental animal strains, modeling methods, duration of drug administration, positive drugs, detection indexes and other relevant information were collected. After the above information was standardized, the PS animal model database was established using Excel 2010 software. The model preparation elements and evaluation indexes were summarized systematically, and the statistical results were processed and analyzed using Excel 2010 software.Results A total of 247 articles were screened. SD rats (164 times, 65.86%) and Wistar rats (35 times, 14.06%) were often used to prepare PS animal models. Bilateral ovariectomy (139 times, 53.87%) and natural aging (43 times, 16.80%) were chosen as modeling methods. The ages of rats used for modeling ranged from 7 weeks to 18 months, with 3-month-old rats (22 times, 21.78%) being the most common. The detection indexes were comprehensively evaluated from multiple perspectives, including serum biochemistry, vaginal exfoliated cell smear, histomorphology, general observation, behavioral observation, and organ tissue protein immunoblotting. Western medical evaluation indexes were commonly used to test the successful preparation of models, with vaginal exfoliated cell smears being the most frequently used method (125 times, 85.04%). A model was considered successfully prepared when estrous cycle disorder or irregularity was observed. Some literature also determined modeling success by detecting a significant decrease in serum estradiol levels (5 times, 3.04%). Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome evaluation often used a combination of Chinese and Western medical evaluation indexes for comprehensive evaluation, with researchers determining the TCM syndrome through vaginal exfoliated cell smears supplemented by general observation (3 times, 2.04%).Conclusion There are many methods for preparing PS animal models, but there are still significant differences in the selection of animal species, age, criteria for successful modeling, and TCM syndrome evaluation in the related literature.

OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical and genetic features of Joubert syndrome (JS) in children. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data, genetic data, and follow-up data of 20 children who were diagnosed with JS in the Department of Children's Rehabilitation, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, from January 2017 to July 2022. RESULTS: Among the 20 children with JS, there were 11 boys and 9 girls. The common clinical manifestations were developmental delay (20 children, 100%), abnormal eye movement (19 children, 95%), and hypotonia (16 children, 80%), followed by abnormal respiratory rhythm in 5 children (25%) and unusual facies (including prominent forehead, low-set ears, and triangular mouth) in 3 children (15%), and no limb deformity was observed. All 20 children (100%) had the typical "molar tooth sign" and "midline cleft syndrome" on head images, and 6 children (30%) had abnormal eye examination results. Genetic testing was performed on 7 children and revealed 6 pathogenic genes, i.e., the CPLANE1, RPGRIP1L, MKS1, CC2D2A, CEP120, and AHI1 genes. CONCLUSIONS For children with developmental delay, especially those with abnormal eye movement and hypotonia, it is recommended to perform a head imaging examination to determine the presence or absence of "molar tooth sign" and "midline cleft syndrome", so as to screen for JS to avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. There are many pathogenic genes for JS, and whole-exome sequencing can assist in the diagnosis of JS.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Child ; Cerebellum ; Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics* ; Kidney Diseases, Cystic/genetics* ; Eye Abnormalities/genetics* ; Retina ; Retrospective Studies ; Muscle Hypotonia/genetics*

Objective: To explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of children with dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) caused by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene variations. Methods: Clinical data of 9 children with DRD caused by TH gene variations diagnosed in the Department of Children Rehabilitation, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2017 to August 2022 were retrospectively collected and analyzed, including the general conditions, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, gene variations and follow-up data. Results: Of the 9 children with DRD caused by TH gene variations, 3 were males and 6 were females. The age at diagnosis was 12.0 (8.0, 15.0) months. The initial symptoms of the 8 severe patients were motor delay or degression. Clinical symptoms of the severe patients included motor delay (8 cases), truncal hypotonia (8 cases), limb muscle hypotonia (7 cases), hypokinesia (6 cases), decreased facial expression (4 cases), tremor (3 cases), limb dystonia (3 cases), diurnal fluctuation (2 cases), ptosis (2 cases), limb muscle hypertonia (1 case) and drooling (1 case). The initial symptom of the very severe patient was motor delay. Clinical symptoms of the very severe patient included motor delay, truncal hypotonia, oculogyric crises, status dystonicus, hypokinesia, decreased facial expression, and decreased sleep. Eleven TH gene variants were found, including 5 missense variants, 3 splice site variants, 2 nonsense variants, and 1 insertion variant, as well as 2 novel variants (c.941C>A (p.T314K), c.316_317insCGT (p.F106delinsSF)). Nine patients were followed up for 40 (29, 43) months, and no one was lost to follow-up. Seven of the 8 severe patients were treated by levodopa and benserazide hydrochloride tablets and 1 severe patient was treated by levodopa tablets. All the severe patients responded well to levodopa and benserazide hydrochloride tablets or levodopa tablets. Although the weight of the patients increased and the drug dosage was not increased, the curative effect remained stable and there was no obvious adverse reaction. One severe patient developed dyskinesia in the early stage of treatment with levodopa and benserazide hydrochloride tablets and it disappeared after oral administration of benzhexol hydrochloride tablets. Until the last follow-up, motor development of 7 severe patients returned to normal and 1 severe patient still had motor delay due to receiving levodopa and benserazide hydrochloride tablets for only 2 months. The very severe patient was extremely sensitive to levodopa and benserazide hydrochloride tablets and no improvement was observed in this patient. Conclusions: Most of the DRD caused by TH gene variations are severe form. The clinical manifestations are varied and easily misdiagnosed. Patients of the severe patients responded well to levodopa and benserazide hydrochloride tablets or levodopa tablets, and it takes a long time before full effects of treatment become established. Long-term effect is stable without increasing the drug dosage, and no obvious side effect is observed.
Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Benserazide/therapeutic use* ; Dystonia/genetics* ; Hypokinesia/drug therapy* ; Levodopa/pharmacology* ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Retrospective Studies ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/genetics*

Objective: To investigate the prognostic value of preoperative inflammatory and nutritional condition detection in the postoperative survival, and establish a prognostic model for predicting the survival of patients with gastric cancer. Methods: The clinicopathological data of 1123 patients with gastric cancer who had undergone radical gastrectomy in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital from January 2005 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with history of other malignancy, with history of gastrectomy, who had received preoperative treatment, who died during the initial hospital stay or first postoperative month, and missing clinical and pathological information were excluded. Cox univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify independent clinicopathological factors associated with the survival of these gastric cancer patients. Cox univariate analysis was used to identify preoperative inflammatory and nutritional indexes related to the survival of patients with gastric cancer after radical gastrectomy. Moreover, the Cox proportional regression model for multivariate survival analysis (forward stepwise regression method based on maximum likelihood estimation) was used. The independent clinicopathological factors that affect survival were incorporated into the following three new prognostic models: (1) an inflammatory model: significant preoperative inflammatory indexes identified through clinical and univariate analysis; (2) a nutritional model: significant preoperative nutritional indexes identified through clinical and univariate analysis; and (3) combined inflammatory/nutritional model: significant preoperative inflammatory and nutritional indexes identified through clinical and univariate analysis. A model that comprised only pT and pN stages in tumor TNM staging was used as a control model. The integrated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (iAUC) and C-index were used to evaluate the discrimination of the model. Model fitting was evaluated by Akaike information criterion analysis. Calibration curves were used to assess agreement between the predicted probabilities and actual probabilities at 3-year or 5-year overall survival (OS). Results: The study cohort comprised 1 123 patients with gastric cancer. The mean age was 58.9±11.6 years, and 783 were males. According to univariate analysis, age, surgical procedure, extent of lymph node dissection, tumor location, maximum tumor size, number of examined lymph nodes, pT stage, pN stage, and nerve invasion were associated with 5-year OS after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer (all P<0.050). Multivariate analysis further identified age (HR: 1.18, 95%CI: 1.03-1.36, P=0.019), maximum tumor size (HR: 1.19, 95%CI: 1.03-1.38, P=0.022), number of examined lymph nodes (HR: 0.79, 95%CI: 0.68-0.92, P=0.003), pT stage (HR: 1.40, 95%CI: 1.26-1.55, P<0.001) and pN stage (HR: 1.28, 95%CI: 1.21-1.35, P<0.001) as independent prognostic factors for OS of gastric cancer patients. Additionally, according to univariate survival analysis, the preoperative inflammatory markers of neutrophil count, percentage of neutrophils, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet/neutrophil ratio and preoperative nutritional indicators of serum albumin and body mass index were potential prognostic factors for gastric cancer (all P<0.05). On the basis of the above results, three models for prediction of prognosis were constructed. Variables included in the three models are as follows. (1) Inflammatory model: age, maximum tumor size, number of examined lymph nodes, pT stage, pN stage, percentage of neutrophils, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; (2) nutritional model: age, maximum tumor size, number of examined lymph nodes, pT stage, pN stage, and serum albumin; and (3) combined inflammatory/nutritional model: age, maximum tumor size, number of examined lymph nodes, pT stage, pN stage, percentage of neutrophils, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, and serum albumin. We found that the predictive accuracy of the combined inflammatory/nutritional model, which incorporates both inflammatory indicators and nutrition indicators (iAUC: 0.676, 95% CI: 0.650-0.719, C-index: 0.698),was superior to that of the inflammation model (iAUC: 0.662, 95% CI: 0.673-0.706;C-index: 0.675), nutritional model (iAUC: 0.666, 95% CI: 0.642-0.698, C-index: 0.672), and TNM staging control model (iAUC: 0.676, 95% CI: 0.650-0.719, C-index: 0.658). Furthermore, the combined inflammatory/nutritional model had better fitting performance (AIC: 10 762) than the inflammatory model (AIC: 10 834), nutritional model (AIC: 10 810), and TNM staging control model (AIC: 10 974). Conclusions: Preoperative percentage of neutrophils, NLR, and BMI have predictive value for the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. The inflammatory / nutritional model can be used to predict the survival and prognosis of gastric cancer patients on an individualized basis.
Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Female ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms/pathology* ; Neoplasm Staging ; Gastrectomy ; Serum Albumin