Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the impact of solute carrier family 3 member 2 (SLC3A2) on the malignant phenotype of gliomas and its role in regulating ferroptosis sensitivity. Materials and Methods: The malignant phenotype of glioma was assessed by cell proliferation assay, colony formation assay, EdU assay, wound healing, and Transwell experiments. We further validated the impact of reduced SLC3A2 expression on the sensitivity to ferroptosis in glioma cells through Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, flow cytometry, western blotting, and transmission electron microscopy. Western blot was used to explore how SLC3A2 affects glioma sensitivity to ferroptosis through the AKT/NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) axis. By establishing a subcutaneous xenograft tumor model in BALB/c-nude mice, we investigated the growth of tumors following the knockout of SLC3A2 in glioma cells. Results: Downregulation of SLC3A2 suppressed the malignant phenotype of glioma by blocking the cell cycle and epithelial-mesenchymal transition processes. On the other hand, loss of SLC3A2 not only downregulated SLC7A11 but also prevented the activation of the AKT/NRF2/GPX4 axis. These lead to increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxides, ultimately enhancing the susceptibility of glioma to ferroptosis. Conclusion Our findings suggest that SLC3A2 is an oncogene in gliomas, promoting their occurrence and development. It plays a critical role in ferroptosis resistance through the AKT/NRF2/GPX4 axis.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor. The treatment of patients with advanced disease still faces severe challenges. Among patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), most of those with microsatellite stable (MSS)/proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) tumors are highly insensitive to monotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors. With in-depth investigations into the mechanisms of the tumor immune microenvironment in MSS/pMMR CRC, the combination strategies of immunotherapy and targeted therapy have become a key direction to break through the treatment bottleneck in this population. These strategies include combinations of immunotherapy with antiangiogenic agents, epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and MAPK pathway inhibitors. Although the current relevant evidence is mainly derived from early-phase clinical trials, a number of studies demonstrated that immunotherapy combined with targeted therapy can improve the objective response rate and survival benefit in patients with MSS/pMMR mCRC and shows remarkable efficacy advantages in specific subgroups. This article systematically reviews the biological basis and clinical research progress of relevant combination therapeutic strategies, discusses potential beneficiary subgroups, and prospects future research directions. It aims to provide theoretical evidence and clinical references for optimizing the individualized treatment paradigm for this large patient population.

Abstract Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC), the most prevalent type of lung cancer, has a poor prognosis in patients with advanced disease. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs) have demonstrated promising efficacy in this disease, while bringing a unique set of immune-related adverse events(irAEs). This article comprehensively explores the multi-systemic irAEs of programmed death protein-1(PD-1)/programmed death protein ligand-1(PD-L1) inhibitors in the treatment of NSCLC, including but not limited to dermatotoxicity, endocrine toxicity,hepatic toxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity. The occurrence of these adverse reactions not only poses a challenge for clinical treatment,but also correlates with treatment efficacy. In addition,the paper discusses biomarkers for predicting the risk of ir AEs,such as gut microbiota,blood biomarkers,etc.,with the aim of providing a potential risk assessment tool for the clinic.

Clinical trials of anti-cancer drugs are characterized by long cycles, high risks, large investments, complex efficacy evaluations, and numerous influencing factors. Traditional experimental design is slow in progress and high in cost, which to some extent increases the uncertainty of research. With the guidance of domestic and international policies and the development of clinical trial methodologies, adaptive design has emerged. Flexible adaptive designs can shorten the clinical trial time of anti-cancer drugs, which is conducive to the discovery of truly effective anti-cancer drugs and therapies, thereby increasing the efficiency and success rate of new drug research and development. Starting from the characteristics of clinical trials of anti-cancer drugs, this article reviews the adaptive designs adopted in current clinical trials, summarizes the characteristics and differences of various adaptive design methods by introducing specific research and development cases, and discusses the problems and challenges faced. This work aims to provide methodological references for clinical trials of anti-cancer drugs.

Objective To analyze the circuit-qi patterns during early embryonic period and at conception in congenital heart disease(CHD)patients based on the five-circuit and six-qi theory,and to explore the pathogenesis and etiology of CHD from a circuit-qi perspective.Methods With 16 400 non-CHD individuals as the healthy control group,a statistical analysis was performed for the circuit-qi patterns during early embryogenesis and at conception in 4 100 CHD patients(CHD group).Results The following factors were identified as significant predisposing factors for CHD:yearly circuit being excessive fire circuit during early embryogenesis,yearly qi being taiyang cold water of celestial qi combined with taiyin damp earth of terrestrial qi during early embryogenesis,yearly circuit being concurrent excessive fire circuit and earth circuit deficiency at conception,and yearly qi being taiyin damp earth of terrestrial qi paired with jueyin wind wood of celestial qi at conception(all P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion There is a certain correlation between circuit-qi endowment during embryonic development and the prevalence of CHD.The core pathogenesis of CHD is rooted in heart-spleen insufficiency,with hyperactive heart-fire and cold kidney-water as its manifestations,and spleen deficiency failing in transportation serves as an important contributing factor in the development and progression of CHD.

Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)is the most common type of lung cancer,accounting for more than 80%of all cases.Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC,the prognosis of patients remains poor,with a five-year survival rate of only 15%.Currently,immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have been approved for lung cancer treatment.Although they exhibit advantages such as high efficacy,durability,and low toxicity,only a small subset of NSCLC patients derives sustained benefits from immunotherapy.With the grow-ing attention to the prognostic role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)in NSCLC,the search for more effective prognostic biomarkers has become a research priority.This review systematically analyzes the mechanisms,clinical evidence,and evaluation methods of TILs in pre-dicting immunotherapy responses in NSCLC,aiming to provide references for future research and clinical applications.

Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)is the most common type of lung cancer,accounting for more than 80%of all cases.Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC,the prognosis of patients remains poor,with a five-year survival rate of only 15%.Currently,immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have been approved for lung cancer treatment.Although they exhibit advantages such as high efficacy,durability,and low toxicity,only a small subset of NSCLC patients derives sustained benefits from immunotherapy.With the grow-ing attention to the prognostic role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)in NSCLC,the search for more effective prognostic biomarkers has become a research priority.This review systematically analyzes the mechanisms,clinical evidence,and evaluation methods of TILs in pre-dicting immunotherapy responses in NSCLC,aiming to provide references for future research and clinical applications.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) seriously threatens people's health and safety, with high incidence and mortality rates. Surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the main treatment method for CRC at present, but the results are unsatisfactory. The emergence of tumor immunotherapy has brought hope to patients with CRC. Immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors provides benefits to some patients. In addition, emerging tumor vaccines and adoptive cell therapy have achieved significant results. This paper reviews the current status and progress of immunotherapy for CRC.

Traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome (TSOFS) is a symptom complex caused by nerve entrapment in the supraorbital fissure after skull base trauma. If the compressed cranial nerve in the supraorbital fissure is not decompressed surgically, ptosis, diplopia and eye movement disorder may exist for a long time and seriously affect the patients′ quality of life. Since its overall incidence is not high, it is not familiarized with the majority of neurosurgeons and some TSOFS may be complicated with skull base vascular injury. If the supraorbital fissure surgery is performed without treatment of vascular injury, it may cause massive hemorrhage, and disability and even life-threatening in severe cases. At present, there is no consensus or guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS that can be referred to both domestically and internationally. To improve the understanding of TSOFS among clinical physicians and establish standardized diagnosis and treatment plans, the Skull Base Trauma Group of the Neurorepair Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Neurosurgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Traumatology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome ( version 2024) based on evidence of evidence-based medicine and clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment. This consensus puts forward 12 recommendations on the diagnosis, classification, treatment, efficacy evaluation and follow-up of TSOFS, aiming to provide references for neurosurgeons from hospitals of all levels to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS.

The condition of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) complicated by corona virus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is complex. sTBI can significantly increase the probability of COVID-19 developing into severe or critical stage, while COVID-19 can also increase the surgical risk of sTBI and the severity of postoperative lung lesions. There are many contradictions in the treatment process, which brings difficulties to the clinical treatment of such patients. Up to now, there are few clinical studies and therapeutic norms relevant to sTBI complicated by COVID-19. In order to standardize the clinical treatment of such patients, Critical Care Medicine Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Healthcare and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate the Chinese expert consensus on clinical treatment of adult patients with severe traumatic brain injury complicated by corona virus infection 2019 ( version 2023) based on the joint prevention and control mechanism scheme of the State Council and domestic and foreign literatures on sTBI and COVID-19 in the past 3 years of the international epidemic. Fifteen recommendations focused on emergency treatment, emergency surgery and comprehensive management were put forward to provide a guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of sTBI complicated by COVID-19.