OBJECTIVE To systematically review medication-related risk factors for falls in older adults， to provide references for ensuring medication safety among older adults. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in PubMed， Embase， Web of Science， and CNKI for relevant literature published from database inception to November 1， 2025. Relevant studies on medication-related falls in older adults， both domestic and international， were included. Drug factors influencing falls in older adults were summarized and analyzed. RESULTS A total of 22 studies were included. Four major classes of fall-risk-increasing drugs were identified： psychotropic medications [12 studies， odds ratio （OR） range 1.500-5.790]， cardiovascular system drugs （5 studies， OR range 1.236-4.784）， analgesics （3 studies， OR range 1.500-4.490）， and hypoglycemic agents （3 studies， OR range 2.070-2.751）. Additionally， anticholinergic burden （1 study， OR was 2.610） and polypharmacy （7 studies， OR range 2.902-25.897 for the use of ≥4 medications） were identified as significant risk factors for falls. CONCLUSIONS Falls in older adults are significantly associated with psychotropic medications， cardiovascular system drugs， analgesics， and hypoglycemic agents， among which psychotropic medications pose the highest risk. Anticholinergic burden and polypharmacy are also important risk factors. In clinical practice， interventions should be implemented through deprescribing and risk monitoring to effectively reduce the risk of falls in older adults.

ObjectiveThis paper aims to investigate the material basis of the anti-inflammatory efficacy and mechanism of action of Bushen Tongdu prescription （BSTDP）. MethodsThe chemical components of BSTDP and its blood-absorbed components in vivo were systematically identified by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap-electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC-LIT-Orbitrap-MS）. Network pharmacology was employed to screen blood-absorbed bioactive components and potential targets of this formula. A protein-protein interaction （PPI） network of core targets was constructed to conduct enrichment analysis. Molecular docking was further utilized to verify the binding affinity between key components and targets. The inflammatory model was established and verified in vivo by using a transgenic zebrafish Tg （mpx： GFP）. At three days post-fertilization （3 dpf）， larvae of zebrafish were randomly assigned to blank group， model group， positive drug dexamethasone acetate group （75 μmol·L^-1）， and BSTDP groups with low， medium， and high doses （500， 1 000， and 2 000 mg·L^-1）. The distribution and quantity of neutrophils in the yolk sac region were observed under a fluorescence microscope. The mRNA expression levels of key genes in the toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88）/nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB） signaling pathway and inflammatory factors including interleukin （IL）-1β， IL-6， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） were detected by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultsA total of 120 chemical components were identified in BSTDP， among which 26 original components were confirmed by using serum pharmacochemical methods. A total of 227 common targets linking rheumatoid arthritis （RA） and the blood-absorbed components were screened by network pharmacology. It is suggested that pseudobrucine， vomicine， sinapine， rehmannioside， cinnamyl alcohol glycoside， and methylephedrine exert anti-inflammatory effects by acting on core targets including protein kinase B1 （Akt1）， signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）， TLR4， mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 （MAPK14）， and phosphatidylinositol-4，5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit α （PIK3CA）， thereby modulating multiple signaling pathways such as TLR4 and NF-κB. In vivo verification in zebrafish demonstrates that the maximum tolerable concentration of Bushen Tongdu Formula is 2 000 mg·L^-1. Compared to those in the blank group， zebrafish in the model group showed a significantly higher number of neutrophils in the yolk sac region （P<0.01） and rising mRNA levels of TLR4， MyD88， NF-κB， TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β （P<0.01）. Compared to that in the model group， the number of neutrophils was significantly reduced in BSTDP groups with medium and high doses， as well as the dexamethasone acetate group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. There was no statistically significant difference in the low dose group. The mRNA expression levels of TLR4， MyD88， NF-κB， TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β were significantly down-regulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionThis paper identifies the material basis of the efficacy of BSTDP， demonstrating that the formula can exert an anti-inflammatory effect through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. The results provide scientific experimental evidence for its further clinical application.

Puji Xiaoduyin， a specialized formula for the swollen-head epidemic， was recorded in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Formula （the Second Batch）-Han Medicine， published in September 2023. It had been inherited and developed by medical experts of successive generations and passed down to this day. This paper sorted out the historical evolution of this formula using bibliometric methods. It also comprehensively analyzed key information on the formula name， historical origin， drug dosage， herb origin， processing methods， decocting methods， function， and clinical applications. Additionally， this paper analyzed the application of this formula in both modern and ancient times. Results showed that the formula was first recorded as "Puji Xiaodu Yinzi" in LI Dongyuan's Proven Formulas written by LI Gao from the Jin dynasty. The medicinal composition and dosage were： Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma （20.65 g each）， Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma 12.39 g， Scrophulariae Radix， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma （8.26 g each）， Forsythiae Fructus， Arctii Fructus， Isatidis Radix， and Lasiosphaera Calvatia （4.13 g each）， Bombyx Batryticatus and Cimicifugae Rhizoma （2.891 g each）， Bupleuri Radix and Platycodonis Radix （8.26 g each）. These medicines were grounded to fine powder. One dose， including 20.65 g of the powder， was mixed with 600 mL of water and decocted to 300 mL. After abandoning slag， the medicine should be taken warm frequently. In the formula， Bombyx Batryticatus is stir-fired. With the effect of dispersing wind and clearing heat， removing stagnation and dissipating mass， the formula is specialized in swollen-head epidemic， pestilence， red and swelling head， face， and neck， dry mouth and tongue， as well as other diseases resulting from toxic heat stagnated in the upper jiao. The formula is widely used in treating diseases involving the respiratory， dermal， ophthalmologic， otolaryngologic， and nervous systems. The formula is most frequently used for respiratory diseases， with a wide range of symptoms including parotitis/mumps （66 times）， followed by tonsillitis （28 times）. In conclusion， the broadly applied formula has accurate efficacy and great development value.

Objective To establish a highly efficient and sensitive technical system for the identification and analysis of platycodin-type saponins, systematically compare the differences in platycodin-type saponins among Platycodon grandiflorum from different producing areas, and provide scientific references for the screening of high-quality Platycodon grandiflorum resources, authenticity evaluation, and construction of standardized quality control systems. Methods A total of 45 batches of P. grandiflorum medicinal materials from 3 producing areas （Anhui, Henan, and Jilin, with 15 batches per area） were selected as research objects. Qualitative identification and semi-quantitative analysis of saponin components were performed based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry （UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS） technology. Meanwhile, two multivariate statistical methods, principal component analysis （PCA） and partial least squares-discriminant analysis （PLS-DA）, were combined to analyze the differences in platycodin-type saponins of Platycodon grandiflorus from different producing areas. Results A total of 28 saponin components were identified from Platycodon grandiflorus of the three producing areas. PCA results showed that there were minor differences in platycodin-type saponins between Henan Platycodon grandiflorus and Jilin Platycodon grandiflorus, while Anhui P. grandiflorum exhibited significant differences from both. PLS-DA further screened 15 major differential compounds. Among them, the contents of 6 components including 3''-O-acetylpolygalacin D2 and platycodin H in Anhui Platycodon grandiflorus were higher than those in Henan and Jilin Platycodon grandiflorus; platycodigenic acid A had the highest content in Jilin Platycodon grandiflorus; the contents of platycodin D3, polygalacin J, and polygalacin D were relatively higher in Henan Platycodon grandiflorus. Conclusion This study clarified the characteristic differences in core components of Platycodon grandiflorus from the three major producing areas, which provided an important theoretical basis for the screening of high-quality Platycodon grandiflorus resources, elucidation of the mechanism underlying its authenticity, and construction of a standardized quality control system.

ObjectiveThis paper aims to investigate the material basis of the anti-inflammatory efficacy and mechanism of action of Bushen Tongdu prescription （BSTDP）. MethodsThe chemical components of BSTDP and its blood-absorbed components in vivo were systematically identified by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap-electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC-LIT-Orbitrap-MS）. Network pharmacology was employed to screen blood-absorbed bioactive components and potential targets of this formula. A protein-protein interaction （PPI） network of core targets was constructed to conduct enrichment analysis. Molecular docking was further utilized to verify the binding affinity between key components and targets. The inflammatory model was established and verified in vivo by using a transgenic zebrafish Tg （mpx： GFP）. At three days post-fertilization （3 dpf）， larvae of zebrafish were randomly assigned to blank group， model group， positive drug dexamethasone acetate group （75 μmol·L^-1）， and BSTDP groups with low， medium， and high doses （500， 1 000， and 2 000 mg·L^-1）. The distribution and quantity of neutrophils in the yolk sac region were observed under a fluorescence microscope. The mRNA expression levels of key genes in the toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88）/nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB） signaling pathway and inflammatory factors including interleukin （IL）-1β， IL-6， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） were detected by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultsA total of 120 chemical components were identified in BSTDP， among which 26 original components were confirmed by using serum pharmacochemical methods. A total of 227 common targets linking rheumatoid arthritis （RA） and the blood-absorbed components were screened by network pharmacology. It is suggested that pseudobrucine， vomicine， sinapine， rehmannioside， cinnamyl alcohol glycoside， and methylephedrine exert anti-inflammatory effects by acting on core targets including protein kinase B1 （Akt1）， signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）， TLR4， mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 （MAPK14）， and phosphatidylinositol-4，5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit α （PIK3CA）， thereby modulating multiple signaling pathways such as TLR4 and NF-κB. In vivo verification in zebrafish demonstrates that the maximum tolerable concentration of Bushen Tongdu Formula is 2 000 mg·L^-1. Compared to those in the blank group， zebrafish in the model group showed a significantly higher number of neutrophils in the yolk sac region （P<0.01） and rising mRNA levels of TLR4， MyD88， NF-κB， TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β （P<0.01）. Compared to that in the model group， the number of neutrophils was significantly reduced in BSTDP groups with medium and high doses， as well as the dexamethasone acetate group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. There was no statistically significant difference in the low dose group. The mRNA expression levels of TLR4， MyD88， NF-κB， TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β were significantly down-regulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionThis paper identifies the material basis of the efficacy of BSTDP， demonstrating that the formula can exert an anti-inflammatory effect through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. The results provide scientific experimental evidence for its further clinical application.

Puji Xiaoduyin， a specialized formula for the swollen-head epidemic， was recorded in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Formula （the Second Batch）-Han Medicine， published in September 2023. It had been inherited and developed by medical experts of successive generations and passed down to this day. This paper sorted out the historical evolution of this formula using bibliometric methods. It also comprehensively analyzed key information on the formula name， historical origin， drug dosage， herb origin， processing methods， decocting methods， function， and clinical applications. Additionally， this paper analyzed the application of this formula in both modern and ancient times. Results showed that the formula was first recorded as "Puji Xiaodu Yinzi" in LI Dongyuan's Proven Formulas written by LI Gao from the Jin dynasty. The medicinal composition and dosage were： Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma （20.65 g each）， Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma 12.39 g， Scrophulariae Radix， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma （8.26 g each）， Forsythiae Fructus， Arctii Fructus， Isatidis Radix， and Lasiosphaera Calvatia （4.13 g each）， Bombyx Batryticatus and Cimicifugae Rhizoma （2.891 g each）， Bupleuri Radix and Platycodonis Radix （8.26 g each）. These medicines were grounded to fine powder. One dose， including 20.65 g of the powder， was mixed with 600 mL of water and decocted to 300 mL. After abandoning slag， the medicine should be taken warm frequently. In the formula， Bombyx Batryticatus is stir-fired. With the effect of dispersing wind and clearing heat， removing stagnation and dissipating mass， the formula is specialized in swollen-head epidemic， pestilence， red and swelling head， face， and neck， dry mouth and tongue， as well as other diseases resulting from toxic heat stagnated in the upper jiao. The formula is widely used in treating diseases involving the respiratory， dermal， ophthalmologic， otolaryngologic， and nervous systems. The formula is most frequently used for respiratory diseases， with a wide range of symptoms including parotitis/mumps （66 times）， followed by tonsillitis （28 times）. In conclusion， the broadly applied formula has accurate efficacy and great development value.

Objective To identify and verify five strains of human embryonic lung diploid cells independently isolated and cultured, and to explore their sensitivity to encephalomyocarditis virus(EMCV), so as to screen for promising human embryonic lung diploid cells with application prospects.MethodsFive human embryonic lung cell strains were successfully isolated from artificially aborted embryos using the trypsin digestion method and named MU-L6, MU-L9, MU-L10, MU-L11 and MUL12. The five cell strains were identified by growth curve analysis, chromosomal karyotype analysis, immunofluorescence,nucleic acid electrophoresis, and short tandem repeat(STR) profiling. Their safety was assessed through sterility testing,mycoplasma detection, examination for endogenous and exogenous viral agents, and tumorigenicity testing. The sensitivity of the five cell strains to EMCV was determined by the 50% tissue culture infective dose(TCID_(50)) assay.ResultsAfter continuous subculturing, the MU-L10 cell strain could be passaged up to 81 generations, while the other four strains reached between 30 and 45 generations. The maximum proliferation density of MU-L10 cells was(44. 07 ± 2. 57) × 10~4 cells/mL, with a population doubling time of(25. 77 ± 1. 00) hours. All five human embryonic lung diploid cell strains exhibited fibroblast-like morphology and diploid karyotypes. No interspecies cross-contamination was detected. MU-L9, MU-L10, MU-L11 and MUL12 possessed unique cellular identities, indicating they are novel cell lines. Safety evaluations revealed no contamination with exogenous bacteria or viruses in any of the five cell strains. MU-L6, MU-L9, MU-L10 and MU-L11 were free of mycoplasma contamination. No colony formation was observed in the in vitro tumorigenicity assay. All five cell strains demonstrated sensitivity to EMCV infection. At 48 hours post-infection, the TCID_(50)of MU-L10 cells was 10~((-8.22 ± 0.14))/0.1 mL,showing no significant difference compared to the control MRC-5 cells(P = 0. 317 7).ConclusionThe independently isolated and cultured MU-L10 cell strain exhibits high passage longevity, excellent biosafety and genetic stability, making it a promising candidate for research on viral vaccines.

[摘 要] 目的：探讨异位表达血红蛋白亚基（HBA/HBB）对缺氧条件下嵌合抗原受体T细胞（CAR-T细胞）功能障碍的改善作用及其对肿瘤细胞的杀伤效应。方法：全基因合成技术合成靶向HER2的CAR序列，构建共表达HBA或HBB的CAR慢病毒载体，包装慢病毒后感染人原代T淋巴细胞，制备异位表达HBA/HBB的CAR-T细胞，命名为HBA CAR-T和HBB CAR-T。采用缺氧探针检测小鼠实体瘤缺氧状态。通过流式细胞术检测瘤内CAR-T细胞占比、异位表达血红蛋白亚基的CAR-T细胞阳性率及CAR-T细胞的活性氧、凋亡水平。WB法检测HBA CAR-T和HBB CAR-T内相关血红蛋白亚基表达情况，采用细胞计数板计数检测细胞增殖水平，通过萤光素酶报告基因法检测CAR-T细胞对肿瘤细胞的杀伤能力，qPCR检测CAR-T细胞中缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）表达水平，利用MitoXpress Intra试剂盒检测CAR-T细胞内氧气含量。结果：不同细胞构建的实体瘤模型均存在明显缺氧情况，且CAR-T细胞浸润水平与缺氧程度呈显著负相关（P < 0.000 1）。HBA CAR-T与HBB CAR-T构建成功（阳性率 > 60%），相应血红蛋白亚基可稳定表达。缺氧环境下HBA CAR-T和HBB CAR-T的ROS水平、凋亡水平显著下降，增殖、对肿瘤细胞的体外杀伤能力显著强于传统CAR-T细胞（均P < 0.05）。HBA CAR-T与HBB CAR-T内HIF-1α表达降低（均P < 0.001），且缺氧程度显著降低（均P < 0.001）。结论：异位表达血红蛋白亚基可改善缺氧条件下CAR-T细胞功能障碍并增强其对肿瘤细胞的体外杀伤作用。

[摘 要] 目的：探究重楼皂苷Ⅱ（PPⅡ）抑制甲状腺癌（TC）恶性生物学行为的分子机制。方法：常规培养甲状腺癌细胞TPC1，实验分为sh-NC、sh-可溶性半乳糖凝集素3（sh-LGALS3）、OE-NC、OE-LGALS3和 OE-LGALS3 + PPⅡ组，用转染试剂将应用质粒转染至各组TPC1细胞中。qPCR法检测TPC1细胞中LGALS3 mRNA的表达，WB法检测各组TPC1细胞中LGALS3、PI3K/AKT信号通路相关蛋白的表达，CCK-8法、Transwell实验、划痕愈合实验和流式细胞术分别检测各组TPC1细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力，以及细胞凋亡情况。结果：PPⅡ抑制TPC1细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭，并诱导其凋亡（均P < 0.000 1）。数据库数据分析显示LGALS3在甲状腺癌组织中高表达（P < 0.001）且是PPⅡ的靶基因。LGALS1在TPC1细胞中呈高表达（P < 0.000 1），敲减LGALS3抑制TPC1细胞的恶性生物学行为，并促进其凋亡（均P < 0.000 1），PPⅡ通过抑制LGALS3 mRNA和蛋白的表达（P < 0.01或P < 0.001）从而抑制TPC1细胞的恶性生物学行为（P < 0.01或P < 0.000 1），PPⅡ抑制LGALS3表达抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路的激活水平（P <0.001或P <0.000 1），LGALS3通过PI3K/AKT信号通路促进TPC1细胞的恶性生物行为（P < 0.000 1）。结论：PPⅡ通过抑制TPC1细胞中LGALS3的表达，缓解PI3K/AKT信号通路的过度激活从而发挥抑癌作用。

[摘 要] 目的：探讨IL-22通过STAT3信号轴损害NK细胞功能并促进膀胱癌细胞耐药的机制。方法：常规培养T24细胞，用梯度递增法构建耐药T24/顺铂（DDP）细胞。将细胞分为对照组（不处理）、DDP组、IL-22组、IL-22 + DDP组、IL-22 + anti-IL-22组、IL-22 + DDP + Stattic（STAT3抑制剂）组。qPCR法检测各组T24细胞中IL-22、cyclin D1、Bcl-2 mRNA的表达，WB法检测各组细胞中BAX、BCL2和p-STAT3的表达，CCK-8法检测各组细胞的增殖活性，流式细胞术检测各组细胞的凋亡，ELISA检测各组细胞上清液中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、TNF-α、IFN-γ、颗粒酶B（GzmB）和穿孔素（PRF）蛋白的水平。结果：T24/DDP细胞对DDP敏感性降低（P < 0.05）；其耐药相关基因P-糖蛋白（P-gp）、肺耐药蛋白（LRP)、多药耐药相关蛋白1（MRP1）和IL-22及其受体表达水平均明显升高（均P < 0.05），说明T24/DDP细胞构建成功。与对照组比较，DDP组T24细胞的增殖活力明显降低、凋亡率升高、BAX蛋白表达升高、BCL2表达下降（均P < 0.05）；与DDP组比较，IL-22 + DDP组T24细胞的增殖活明显升高、凋亡率明显下降、BAX蛋白表达降低、BCL2表达升高（均P < 0.05），表明IL-22通过调节BAX/Bcl-2的表达促进T24细胞对DDP耐药性。与对照组比较，IL-22组T24细胞总细胞和核中p-STAT3表达水平均明显升高（均P < 0.05）；与IL-22组比较，IL-22 + anti IL-22组T24细胞中 p-STAT3水平明显降低（P < 0.05），说明IL-22激活T24细胞中STAT3的磷酸化过程，并促进其转核。与对照组比较，DDP组T24与NK92细胞共培养上清液中LDH、TNF-α、IFN-γ、GzmB及PRF蛋白水平均明显升高（均P < 0.05），与DDP组比较，IL-22 + DDP组共培养上清液中上述蛋白水平均明显降低（均P < 0.05）；与对照组比较，IL-22组共培养上清液中LDH、TNF-α、IFN-γ、GzmB及PRF蛋白水平明显降低（均P < 0.05）；与IL-22组比较，IL-22 + Stattic组共培养上清液中上述蛋白水平均明显升高（均P < 0.05），说明IL-22可降低NK92细胞对T24细胞的毒性，STAT3抑制剂可逆转此作用。与DDP组比较，IL-22 + DDP组T24细胞增殖活力明显升高（P < 0.05）；与IL-22 + DDP组比较，IL-22 + DDP + Stattic组T24细胞增殖活力明显降低（P < 0.05）；与DDP组比较，IL-22 + DDP组T24细胞的凋亡率明显升高（P < 0.05）；与IL-22 + DDP组比较，IL-22 + DDP + Stattic组T24细胞的凋亡率明显升高（P < 0.05），说明IL-22调控STAT3影响T24细胞DDP耐药性及NK细胞免疫功能。结论： IL-22通过激活STAT3信号轴促进T24细胞的DDP耐药性，抑制NK细胞功能。