Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of transradial approach(TRA)for carotid artery stenting(CAS)using single-layer braided carotid stents with a microporous dense mesh design.Methods A retrospective consecutive series of patients with carotid artery stenosis who underwent CAS via TRA using single-layer braided microporous dense mesh stents admitted to the Department of Neurology,Linyi People's Hospital,Shandong Second Medical University were included from December 2022 to April 2023.General and clinical data,lesion characteristics,procedural metrics,periprocedural conditions,and follow-up outcomes were collected from the patients.General and clinical data including sex,age,medical history(hypertension,diabetes,coronary artery disease),and preoperative modified Rankin scale(mRS)score.Lesion characteristics included stenosis location,normal lumen diameters distal and proximal to the stenosis,stenosis rate,lesion length,and aortic arch type.Procedural metrics included successfully guided catheter placement,stent deployment,retrieval of the embolic protection device and residual stenosis rate.Periprocedural conditions included periprocedural complications(within 72 hours included puncture site bleeding,symptomatic radial artery occlusion,new cerebral infarctions on diffusion-weighted imaging,and cardio-cerebrovascular events[angina,acute myocardial infarction,cerebral infarction,cerebral hemorrhage])and length of hospital stay.The mRS scores at 1 and 6 months after surgery were recorded via telephone follow-ups.At 12 months after surgery,outpatient carotid color Doppler ultrasound was performed to evaluate in-stent restenosis.Results(1)Ten patients(9 male,1 female)aged 57-72 years,with a median age of 70(62,71)years were included.Among them,9 had hypertension,2 had diabetes,and 1 had coronary artery disease.Four patients had symptomatic carotid stenosis:2 presented with hemiparesis,1 with mild dysarthria,and 1 with transient ischemic attack.Preoperative mRS scores among symptomatic patients were 0(1 patient),1(2 patients),and 2(1 patient).The remaining 6 patients had asymptomatic stenosis,all with preoperative mRS scores of 0.(2)Two patients had left internal carotid artery(ICA)stenosis,and 8 had right ICA stenosis.The mean stenosis degree was(79.9±7.1)％,and the mean lesion length was(16.8±5.7)mm.The mean normal distal and proximal lumen diameter of the stenosed blood vessel were(5.1±0.5)mm and(8.1±0.8)mm,respectively.One patient had a type Ⅰ aortic arch,8 patients had type Ⅱ,and 1 patient had type Ⅲ.Among the 8 patients with right ICA stenosis,4 underwent direct catheterization of the right common carotid artery using a glidewire,while the other 4 required exchange technique for guide catheter placement.Both left-sided lesions were treated using exchange technique.Guide catheter placement and stent deployment were successful in all cases.No difficulties were encountered in embolic protection device retrieval.The mean residual stenosis rate was(21.6±6.7)％.(3)The mean postoperative hospital stay was(1.8±0.9)days.No puncture site bleeding or symptomatic radial artery occlusion occurred.One patient experienced a cerebrovascular event due to a pontine perforator artery infarction,presenting with diplopia and impaired left eye adduction,likely caused by postoperative hypotension and hypoperfusion.This patient had an immediate postoperative mRS score of 2 at discharge,which improved to 0 at 6 months.The other 9 patients showed no change in mRS scores compared to preoperative assessments,and no new cerebral infarctions were detected within 72 hours after surgery.At 12-month follow-up,carotid color Doppler ultrasound revealed no in-stent restenosis in any patient.Conclusions CAS performed via TRA using single-layer braided microporous dense mesh stents appears to be feasible and safe.However,this study is a single-center,retrospective analysis with a small sample size.Larger prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to validate these findings.

Objective:This study employs a combination of single-cell sequencing and Mendelian randomization to explore the genetic associations and molecular mechanisms of Eomes in RCC.Methods:In this study,single-cell transcriptomic data from RCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were extracted from the GEO database.The data were analyzed using R language and various packages such as Seurat,limma,and CellChat for cell cluster annotation,intercellular communication analysis,and differential expression analysis.Additionally,eQTL data related to differentially expressed genes were retrieved from the GWAS database as exposure variables,with RCC used as the outcome variable in Mendelian randomization analysis to identify the role of Eomes in RCC.Finally,GO functional enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses were conducted to explore the potential molecular mechanisms of Eomes.Results:Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that B cells play a significant role in the heterogeneity of RCC.Mendelian randomization analysis indicated that Eomes is an important risk factor for RCC(P＜0.05).Furthermore,seven highly correlated specific SNPs were identified,including rs 17021298,rs2247056,rs2617170,rs3806624,rs55908509,rs6590334,and rs9420589.GO and KEGG enrichment analyses suggest that Eomes may be involved in early cell fate determination in renal cell carcinoma and participate in the regulation of Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation,HPV infection,and the Notch signaling pathway.Conclusions:This study is the first to combine single-cell sequencing and Mendelian randomization analysis in RCC,confirming a strong positive causal relationship between Eomes and RCC(OR＞1).Our findings offer new insights into the pathogenesis of RCC,suggesting that Eomes could serve as a novel target for early diagnosis and personalized treatment of RCC.

In traditional Chinese medicine,jaundice is a liver and gallbladder disorder,primarily characterized by yellowing of the eyes,skin,and urine,with ocular yellowing being the most prominent feature.The understanding of jaundice pathogenesis in traditional Chinese medicine can be traced back to the Inner Canon of Huangdi.Despite the continuous development and improvement of successive generations of medical practitioners and a rich theoretical understanding of its pathogenesis being formed by the end of the Qing Dynasty,no unified view exists on whether the core pathological factor was dampness or blood stasis,nor on whether the primary disease location lay in the spleen and stomach or the liver and gallbladder.This article re-examines historical perspectives on jaundice pathogenesis within the context of traditional Chinese medicine theory,focusing on two key issues:pathological factors and the location of Zang and Fu.By integrating modern research approaches based on compound pathogenesis theory,and considering pathological factors,disease location according to Zang and Fu,and disease progression,a theoretical model is reconstructed,centered on the intermingling of dampness and blood stasis and integration of liver and spleen.Additionally,the insights and therapeutic strategies of multiple renowned clinical hepatology experts are incorporated to enrich the theoretical framework for jaundice treatment in traditional Chinese medicine and to enhance clinical efficacy.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of transradial approach(TRA)for carotid artery stenting(CAS)using single-layer braided carotid stents with a microporous dense mesh design.Methods A retrospective consecutive series of patients with carotid artery stenosis who underwent CAS via TRA using single-layer braided microporous dense mesh stents admitted to the Department of Neurology,Linyi People's Hospital,Shandong Second Medical University were included from December 2022 to April 2023.General and clinical data,lesion characteristics,procedural metrics,periprocedural conditions,and follow-up outcomes were collected from the patients.General and clinical data including sex,age,medical history(hypertension,diabetes,coronary artery disease),and preoperative modified Rankin scale(mRS)score.Lesion characteristics included stenosis location,normal lumen diameters distal and proximal to the stenosis,stenosis rate,lesion length,and aortic arch type.Procedural metrics included successfully guided catheter placement,stent deployment,retrieval of the embolic protection device and residual stenosis rate.Periprocedural conditions included periprocedural complications(within 72 hours included puncture site bleeding,symptomatic radial artery occlusion,new cerebral infarctions on diffusion-weighted imaging,and cardio-cerebrovascular events[angina,acute myocardial infarction,cerebral infarction,cerebral hemorrhage])and length of hospital stay.The mRS scores at 1 and 6 months after surgery were recorded via telephone follow-ups.At 12 months after surgery,outpatient carotid color Doppler ultrasound was performed to evaluate in-stent restenosis.Results(1)Ten patients(9 male,1 female)aged 57-72 years,with a median age of 70(62,71)years were included.Among them,9 had hypertension,2 had diabetes,and 1 had coronary artery disease.Four patients had symptomatic carotid stenosis:2 presented with hemiparesis,1 with mild dysarthria,and 1 with transient ischemic attack.Preoperative mRS scores among symptomatic patients were 0(1 patient),1(2 patients),and 2(1 patient).The remaining 6 patients had asymptomatic stenosis,all with preoperative mRS scores of 0.(2)Two patients had left internal carotid artery(ICA)stenosis,and 8 had right ICA stenosis.The mean stenosis degree was(79.9±7.1)％,and the mean lesion length was(16.8±5.7)mm.The mean normal distal and proximal lumen diameter of the stenosed blood vessel were(5.1±0.5)mm and(8.1±0.8)mm,respectively.One patient had a type Ⅰ aortic arch,8 patients had type Ⅱ,and 1 patient had type Ⅲ.Among the 8 patients with right ICA stenosis,4 underwent direct catheterization of the right common carotid artery using a glidewire,while the other 4 required exchange technique for guide catheter placement.Both left-sided lesions were treated using exchange technique.Guide catheter placement and stent deployment were successful in all cases.No difficulties were encountered in embolic protection device retrieval.The mean residual stenosis rate was(21.6±6.7)％.(3)The mean postoperative hospital stay was(1.8±0.9)days.No puncture site bleeding or symptomatic radial artery occlusion occurred.One patient experienced a cerebrovascular event due to a pontine perforator artery infarction,presenting with diplopia and impaired left eye adduction,likely caused by postoperative hypotension and hypoperfusion.This patient had an immediate postoperative mRS score of 2 at discharge,which improved to 0 at 6 months.The other 9 patients showed no change in mRS scores compared to preoperative assessments,and no new cerebral infarctions were detected within 72 hours after surgery.At 12-month follow-up,carotid color Doppler ultrasound revealed no in-stent restenosis in any patient.Conclusions CAS performed via TRA using single-layer braided microporous dense mesh stents appears to be feasible and safe.However,this study is a single-center,retrospective analysis with a small sample size.Larger prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to validate these findings.

Objective:This study employs a combination of single-cell sequencing and Mendelian randomization to explore the genetic associations and molecular mechanisms of Eomes in RCC.Methods:In this study,single-cell transcriptomic data from RCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were extracted from the GEO database.The data were analyzed using R language and various packages such as Seurat,limma,and CellChat for cell cluster annotation,intercellular communication analysis,and differential expression analysis.Additionally,eQTL data related to differentially expressed genes were retrieved from the GWAS database as exposure variables,with RCC used as the outcome variable in Mendelian randomization analysis to identify the role of Eomes in RCC.Finally,GO functional enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses were conducted to explore the potential molecular mechanisms of Eomes.Results:Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that B cells play a significant role in the heterogeneity of RCC.Mendelian randomization analysis indicated that Eomes is an important risk factor for RCC(P＜0.05).Furthermore,seven highly correlated specific SNPs were identified,including rs 17021298,rs2247056,rs2617170,rs3806624,rs55908509,rs6590334,and rs9420589.GO and KEGG enrichment analyses suggest that Eomes may be involved in early cell fate determination in renal cell carcinoma and participate in the regulation of Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation,HPV infection,and the Notch signaling pathway.Conclusions:This study is the first to combine single-cell sequencing and Mendelian randomization analysis in RCC,confirming a strong positive causal relationship between Eomes and RCC(OR＞1).Our findings offer new insights into the pathogenesis of RCC,suggesting that Eomes could serve as a novel target for early diagnosis and personalized treatment of RCC.

In traditional Chinese medicine,jaundice is a liver and gallbladder disorder,primarily characterized by yellowing of the eyes,skin,and urine,with ocular yellowing being the most prominent feature.The understanding of jaundice pathogenesis in traditional Chinese medicine can be traced back to the Inner Canon of Huangdi.Despite the continuous development and improvement of successive generations of medical practitioners and a rich theoretical understanding of its pathogenesis being formed by the end of the Qing Dynasty,no unified view exists on whether the core pathological factor was dampness or blood stasis,nor on whether the primary disease location lay in the spleen and stomach or the liver and gallbladder.This article re-examines historical perspectives on jaundice pathogenesis within the context of traditional Chinese medicine theory,focusing on two key issues:pathological factors and the location of Zang and Fu.By integrating modern research approaches based on compound pathogenesis theory,and considering pathological factors,disease location according to Zang and Fu,and disease progression,a theoretical model is reconstructed,centered on the intermingling of dampness and blood stasis and integration of liver and spleen.Additionally,the insights and therapeutic strategies of multiple renowned clinical hepatology experts are incorporated to enrich the theoretical framework for jaundice treatment in traditional Chinese medicine and to enhance clinical efficacy.

In 2025, the American Cancer Society published "Cancer statistics, 2025", which projected cancer data for the upcoming year based on incidence data collected by central cancer registries (through 2021) and mortality data obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics (through 2022). Similarly, the National Cancer Center of China released "Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2022" in December 2024, analyzing data from 22 cancer registries across the country. This study provides a comparative analysis of cancer incidence and mortality trends in China and the United States during the same period, with a focus on sex- and age-specific distributions and long-term changes in cancer patterns. Long-term trends indicate that lung and liver cancer mortality rates in China have declined, primarily due to tobacco control measures and hepatitis B vaccination programs. However, the burden of gastric and esophageal cancers remains substantial. In the United States, mortality rates for colorectal and lung cancers have continued to decline, largely attributed to widespread screening programs and advances in immunotherapy. As economic growth and social development, China’s cancer profile is gradually shifting towards patterns observed in countries with high human development index. However, the prevention and control of upper gastrointestinal cancers remains a critical public health challenge that requires further attention.

Objective: Whether elevation in plasma levels of amyloid and tau protein biomarkers are better indicators of cognitive decline than higher baseline levels in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains understudied. Methods: We included 67 participants with twice testing for AD-related plasma biomarkers via immunomagnetic reduction (IMR) assays (amyloid beta [Aβ]1-40, Aβ1-42, total tau [t-Tau], phosphorylated tau [p-Tau] 181, and alpha-synuclein [α-Syn]) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) over a 1-year interval. We examined the correlation between biomarker levels (baseline vs. longitudinal change) and annual changes in the MMSE scores. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted to compare the biomarkers. Results: After adjustment, faster cognitive decline was correlated with lower baseline levels of t-Tau (β=0.332, p=0.030) and p-Tau 181 (β=0.369, p=0.015) and rapid elevation of t-Tau (β=-0.330, p=0.030) and p-Tau 181 levels (β=-0.431, p=0.004). However, the levels (baseline and longitudinal changes) of Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42, and α-Syn were not correlated with cognitive decline. aMCI converters had lower baseline levels of p-Tau 181 (p=0.002) but larger annual changes (p=0.001) than aMCI non-converters. The change in p-Tau 181 levels showed better discriminatory capacity than the change in t-Tau levels in terms of identifying AD conversion in patients with aMCI, with an area under curve of 86.7% versus 72.2%. Conclusion We found changes in p-Tau 181 levels may be a suitable biomarker for identifying AD conversion.

Objective: Whether elevation in plasma levels of amyloid and tau protein biomarkers are better indicators of cognitive decline than higher baseline levels in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains understudied. Methods: We included 67 participants with twice testing for AD-related plasma biomarkers via immunomagnetic reduction (IMR) assays (amyloid beta [Aβ]1-40, Aβ1-42, total tau [t-Tau], phosphorylated tau [p-Tau] 181, and alpha-synuclein [α-Syn]) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) over a 1-year interval. We examined the correlation between biomarker levels (baseline vs. longitudinal change) and annual changes in the MMSE scores. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted to compare the biomarkers. Results: After adjustment, faster cognitive decline was correlated with lower baseline levels of t-Tau (β=0.332, p=0.030) and p-Tau 181 (β=0.369, p=0.015) and rapid elevation of t-Tau (β=-0.330, p=0.030) and p-Tau 181 levels (β=-0.431, p=0.004). However, the levels (baseline and longitudinal changes) of Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42, and α-Syn were not correlated with cognitive decline. aMCI converters had lower baseline levels of p-Tau 181 (p=0.002) but larger annual changes (p=0.001) than aMCI non-converters. The change in p-Tau 181 levels showed better discriminatory capacity than the change in t-Tau levels in terms of identifying AD conversion in patients with aMCI, with an area under curve of 86.7% versus 72.2%. Conclusion We found changes in p-Tau 181 levels may be a suitable biomarker for identifying AD conversion.

Objective To describe the significance of the pretreatment inflammatory indicators in predicting the prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after undergoing radical radiotherapy. Methods The data of 246 ESCC patients who underwent radical radiotherapy were retrospectively collected. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to determine the optimal cutoff values for platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. We conducted univariate and multivariate analyses by using the Cox proportional risk regression model. Software R (version 4.2.0) was used to create the nomogram of prognostic factors. Results The results of the ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cutoff values of PLR, NLR, and SII were 146.06, 2.67, and 493.97, respectively. The overall response rates were 77.6% and 64.5% in the low and high NLR groups, respectively (P<0.05). The results of the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the prognosis of patients in the low PLR, NLR, and SII group was better than that of patients in the high PLR, NLR, and SII group (all P<0.05). The results of the multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that gender, treatment modalities, T stage, and NLR were independent factors affecting the overall survival (OS). In addition, T stage and NLR were independent factors affecting the progression-free survival (PFS) (all P<0.05). The nomogram models of OS and PFS prediction were established based on multivariate analysis. The C-index values were 0.703 and 0.668. The calibration curves showed excellent consistency between the predicted and observed OS and PFS. Conclusion The pretreatment values of PLR, NLR, and SII are correlated with the prognosis of patients with ESCC who underwent radical radiotherapy. Moreover, NLR is an independent factor affecting the OS and PFS of ESCC patients. The NLR-based nomogram model has a good predictive ability.