Acute lung injury(ALI) is a critical clinical condition primarily characterized by refractory hypoxemia and infiltration of inflammatory cells in lung tissue, which can progress into a more severe form known as acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS). Immune cells and inflammatory cytokines play important roles in the progression of the disease. Due to its unclear pathogenesis and the lack of effective clinical treatments, ALI is associated with a high mortality rate and severely affects patients' quality of life, making the search for effective therapeutic agents particularly urgent. Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, the dried root of the perennial herb Panax ginseng from the Araliaceae family, contains active ingredients such as saponins and polysaccharides, which possess various pharmacological effects including anti-tumor activity, immune regulation, and metabolic modulation. In recent years, studies have shown that ginsenosides exhibit notable effects in reducing inflammation, ameliorating epithelial and endothelial cell injury, and providing anticoagulant action, indicating their comprehensive role in alleviating lung injury. This review summarizes the pathogenesis of ALI and the molecular mechanisms through which ginsenosides act at different stages of ALI development. The aim is to provide a scientific reference for the development of ginsenoside-based drugs targeting ALI, as well as a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma in the treatment of ALI.
Ginsenosides/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Acute Lung Injury/immunology* ; Animals ; Panax/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal

Objective: To evaluate the value of Hadad-Bassagasteguy flap (HBF) in endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEA) skull base reconstruction by radioanatomic measurements on CT of the skull base of Chinese adults. The following data in terms of anterior skull base defect and reconstruction, sphenoid platform area and middle skull base defect and reconstruction including sphenoid platform and sella area, clivus area defect and reconstruction, and HBF were collected and assessed. Methods: CT image data of 42 Chinese adults were selected to obtain radioanatomic measurement data related to HBF, anterior skull base defect and reconstruction, middle skull base defect and reconstruction, and defect and reconstruction of clivus area. SPSS 26.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results: The radioanatomic measurement data about HBF and skull base of 42 Chinese adults were obtained. The width of the leading edge of HBF [(37.49±2.86) mm] was 6 mm more than the anterior skull base width at the level of the anterior ethmoidal artery [(30.87±8.61) mm], and the width of the trailing edge of HBF [(42.61±3.95) mm] was also 6 mm more than the anterior skull base width at the level of the sphenoethmoidal junction [(26.79±2.79) mm]. The total length of HBF including the pedicle [(79.68±4.96) mm] was 6 mm more than the length of the anterior skull base reconstruction [(54.06±8.67) mm], and the length of HBF without pedicle [(46.27±3.14)] mm was 6 mm more than the length of anterior skull base defect [(30.87±8.61) mm]. The trailing edge width was 6 mm more than the planum sphenoidal width at the level of the optic strut [(30.87±8.61) mm]. The total length of HBF including the pedicle was 6 mm more than the length of the planum sphenoidal, and the sella reconstruction [(64.44±10.25) mm], also was 6 mm more than the length of the planum sphenoidal reconstruction [(73.61±8.28) mm]. The length of HBF without pedicle was 6 mm more than the length of the planum sphenoidal, and the sella defect [(27.88±3.74) mm], also was 6 mm more than the length of the planum sphenoidal defect [(15.50±3.38) mm]. The width of the leading edge of HBF and the width of the trailing edge were both 6 mm more than the width of clivus reconstruction at the level of the foramen lacerum [(21.68±2.30) mm]. The total length of HBF including pedicles was 6 mm more than the clivus reconstruction length [(67.09±5.44) mm], while the length of HBF without pedicles was also 6 mm more than the clivus defect length [(37.19±3.80) mm]. Conclusions: In this study, the radiosanatomic measurements ensured that HBF could provide sufficient tissue flap for the reconstruction of the anterior skull base and sphenoid plateau and extend the reconstruction area to sella and clivus. Preoperative radiosanatomic measurement can be used to predict the size of HBF required for skull base reconstruction, which provides important guidance for flap harvest.
Adult ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Nose/surgery* ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Skull Base/surgery* ; Skull Base Neoplasms/surgery* ; Sphenoid Bone ; Surgical Flaps

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of P53 expression on prognosis of patients with double expressor lymphoma(DEL) and the interaction between the expression of MYC, BCL2 and P53 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL). METHODS: Eighty-eight patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL from 1st September 2012 to 31th May 2018 in Shanxi Dayi Hospital affiliated to Shanxi Medical University were selected. The expressions of MYC、BCL2、P53、CD10、BCL6、MUM and Ki-67 were tested by immunohistochemistry method. The overall survival of patients was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. The prognostic effect of MYC, BCL2 and P53 expression was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Compared with patients without P53 expression, the patients with P53 expression had higher LDH level, higher NCCN-IPI scores, lower response to chemotherapy，poorer overall survival(OS) and a higher rate of death(P<0.05). In patients who had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma associated with MYC, BCL2 expression or MYC/BCL2 double expression， compared with the patients whom without P53 expression, P53 expression associated with a significant worse OS (P<0.05). The patients with concurrent MYC and P53 expression had a worse OS, compared with patients with either P53 or MYC expression(P<0.05). In patients with MYC/P53 co-expression, BCL2 expression did not correlate with poorer survival significantly(P>0.05). Among lymphoma patients with MYC/P53, MYC/BCL2 and BCL2/P53 co-expression, the patients with MYC/P53 co-expression had the worse OS (3 year OS rate：31.6%), followed by the subgroup of patients with MYC/BCL2/P53(3 year OS rate：46.2%), patients with MYC/BCL2/P53 expression(3 year OS rate： 636%) showed a longer OS compared with the other two subgroups（P<0.05）. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that P53 expression and NCCN-IPI were independent prognostic factors in this patient cohort. CONCLUSION P53 and MYC expressions have a synergistically negative prognostic effect in DLBCL patients. P53 expression augments the negative prognostic effect of MYC/BCL2 double expression. Patients with MYC/P53 co-expression have a worse prognosis in comparison with the patients with MYC/BCL2 double expression.
Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; genetics ; Prognosis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of prenatal cold stress on the behavior and mood of offspring in pregnant rats. METHODS: Six SPF-class Wister pregnant rats were randomly divided into normal temperature control group and cold stress group with 3 rats in each group. The pregnant female rats in the normal temperature control group were kept in the environment of (22 ±2)℃, and the pregnant female rats in the cold stress group were placed in the artificial intelligence climate chamber at(4 ±0.1)℃ for 7 days before the birth, and the young rats were divided into normal temperature after the young rats were born. After the young rats were born, they were divided into normal temperature control group of male rats (MR, 22), normal temperature control group of mother rats (FR, 15), cold stress group of male rats (MC, 15), and cold stress group of female rats (FC, 15) .In the fourth generation of the offspring, the open field experiment and the elevated cross maze test were carried out. RESULTS: In the open field experiment, there was no significant difference in spontaneous activity and exploration behavior between the normal temperature control group and the cold stress group (P＞0.05). In the elevated plus maze experiment, the retention time of the open arms, the number of open arms and the distance of the male and female rats in the cold stress group were significantly higher than those in the normal temperature control group (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION Prenatal maternal cold stress has no significant effect on spontaneous activity, exploration behavior and activity level of offspring, but the offspring have obvious abnormal behaviors with reduced anxiety behavior.
Animals ; Anxiety ; Behavior, Animal ; Cold-Shock Response ; Exploratory Behavior ; Female ; Male ; Maze Learning ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Stress, Psychological

OBJECTIVETo analyze the risk factors of patients with relapsed leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and to explore the therapeutic strategies for recurrence.

METHODSThe Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis of transplantation-related index, a single center retrospective study of clinical data of 202 cases of leukemia received allo-HSCT from March 2004 to October 2014 had been conducted to screen the risk factors for recurrence after transplantation.

RESULTSIn the leukemia patients received allo-HSCT, 68 cases relapsed. The relapse rate was 33.6%. The median time of relapse was 4(1.5-26 ) months. Univariate analysis indicated that there were 5 risk factors related with the disease relapse(P<0.05), including the type of disease, extramedullary disease prior to transplant, the course of induced remission, the status of disease at HSCT and chronic graft versus host disease(cGVHD). Multivariate analysis showed that extramedullary disease prior to transplant(RR=2.622, 95%CI 1.139-6.037), the course of induced remission(RR=1.156, 95%CI 0.682-1.957), cGVHD (RR=1.728,95%CI 0.999-2.991) were independent risk factors for relapse of the patients received transplantation. Treatment strategies for the relapsed patients included withdraw immunosuppressant, donor lymphocyte infusion, systemic chemotherapy and local radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and second transplantation. Individualized choice was needed according to the relapsed site. The relapse-related mortality was 25.2%.

CONCLUSIONThe relapsed patients with leukemia after allo-HSCT have poor prognosis, early interference has good effect. The evaluation and prevention of risk factors before transplantation is even more important.

Graft vs Host Disease ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Leukemia ; Multivariate Analysis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Recurrence ; Remission Induction ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Transplantation, Homologous

BACKGROUNDThe postremission therapies for adult patients generally contain consolidation chemotherapy, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT). Because of the various results from different centers, the optimal therapy for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients is still uncertain. This study aimed to better understand predictive factors and role of auto-HSCT in the postremission therapy for adult ALL patients.

METHODSThe outcomes of 135 adult patients with ALL, who received the first auto-HSCT in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 1, 1994 to February 28, 2014, were retrospectively analyzed. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and simultaneous effects of multiple covariates were estimated with the Cox model.

RESULTSOverall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) at 5 years for the whole cohort were 59.1 ± 4.5% and 59.0 ± 4.4%, respectively. The cumulative nonrelapse mortality and relapse rate at 5 years were 4.5 ± 0.03% and 36.6 ± 0.19%. For both OS and DFS, acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia, high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) at diagnosis, blast cell proportion ≥5% on the 15 th day of induction therapy, and extramedullary infiltration before HSCT were the poor prognosis factors. In addition, age ≥35 years predicted poor DFS. Only T-ALL and high LDH were the independent undesirable factors associated with OS and DFS in Cox regression model. For 44 patients who had results of pretransplantation minimal residual disease (MRD), positive MRD (MRD ≥0.01%) indicated poor OS (P = 0.044) and DFS (P = 0.008). Furthermore, for the standard risk group, the patients with negative MRD (MRD <0.01%) had better results (OS at 18 months was 90.0 ± 9.5%, while for the patients with positive MRD OS was 50.0 ± 35.4%, P = 0.003; DFS at 18 months was 90.0 ± 9.5%, while for the positive MRD group DFS was 0%, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSThis study confirmed that auto-HSCT combined with posttransplantation maintenance chemotherapy could be an option for adult ALL patients and pretransplantation MRD may play a significant role in the direction of therapy for adult ALL patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm, Residual ; mortality ; therapy ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; mortality ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Young Adult

Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Calcium ; blood ; Female ; Herpes Zoster ; blood ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuralgia, Postherpetic ; blood ; epidemiology

Objective To study the effect of myocardial bridge oppression on blood flow, positive pressure, circumferential stress and shear stress of the coronary artery. Methods The original myocardial bridge simulative device was greatly improved to be able to measure multi-hemodynamic parameters, such as normal stress, circumferential stress and shear stress, so as to exactly simulate real blood dynamics environment with the common effect of several stresses, and comprehensively investigate the relationship between hemodynamics and atherosclerosis of mural coronary artery under the combined effects of several stresses. Results The results from the myocardial bridge simulative device indicated that the hemodynamic abnormalities were mainly located in the proximal end of mural coronary artery, and the mean and oscillation values of normal stress at the proximal end were increased by 27.8% and 139%, respectively, showing a significant increase with the intensification of myocardial bridge oppression. Conclusions It is myocardial oppression that causes the hemodynamic abnormity of proximal coronary artery, which is quite important for understanding the hemodynamic mechanism of coronary atherosclerotic diseases and valuable for studying pathological effects and treatments of the myocardial bridge in clinic.

OBJECTIVETo understand the clinical features of death from hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and to explore the early warning index of HFMD death.

METHODSA total of 41 HFMD death cases were collected as case group in Shandong province between 2009 and 2011, and another 123 serious HFMD cases were selected as control group according to the similar gender, place of origin and hospital level, with the ratio at 1:3. We investigated the general situation, clinical treatment, past medical history, clinical symptoms and signs of the ill children, and applied the conditional logistic regression to explore early warning index of HFMD death.

RESULTSThe rate of patients who had symptoms in nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system and respiratory system were separately 90.2% (37/41), 58.5% (24/41), 53.7% (22/41) and 90.2% (37/41) in case group; and the proportions were 44.7% (55/123), 13.8% (17/123), 10.6% (13/123) and 12.2% (15/123) respectively in control group. The difference between the two groups showed statistical significance (χ(2) = 25.881, 32.791, 34.011, 86.505, P < 0.05). In case group, 37 patients had neurogenic pulmonary edema, 26 patients got encephalitis, 15 patients had respiratory and circulatory failure, 7 patients got pulmonary hemorrhage, 4 patients had multiple organ failure, 4 patients got myocarditis and 1 patient had cerebral hernia. According to multi-factor logistic regression analysis, the early warning indicators of HFMD death included neck resistance (case group: 34.1% (14/41), control group: 4.1% (5/123); OR = 7.145, 95%CI: 1.748 - 29.204), vomiting (case group: 58.5% (24/41), control group: 13.8% (17/123); OR = 5.632, 95%CI: 1.793 - 17.685) and increase of heart rate (case group: 53.7% (22/41), control group: 10.6% (14/123), OR = 6.370, 95%CI: 1.517 - 26.743).

CONCLUSIONIn the process of clinical treatment and care, we should interfere the serious HFMD patients with neck resistance, vomiting and increase of heart rate, and thereby reduce the death from HFMD.

China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo construct lentivector carrying Tie2-Small interfering RNA (SiRNA), so as to study its influence on malignant melanoma cells.

METHODSRecombinant plasmid pSilencer 1.0-U6-Tie2-siRNA and plasmid pNL-EGFP were digested with XbaI, ligated a target lentiviral transfer plasmid of pNL-EGFP-U6-Tie2-I or pNL-EGFP-U6-Tie2-II, and then the electrophoresis clones was sequenced. Plasmids of pNL-EGFP-U6-Tie2-I and pNL-EGFP-U6-Tie2-II were constructed and combined with pVSVG and pHelper, respectively, to constitute lentiviral vector system of three plasmids. The Lentiviral vector system was transfected into 293T cell to produce pNL-EGFP-U6-Tie2- I and pNL-EGFP-U6-Tie2-II lentivirus. Then the supernatant was collected to determine the titer. Malignant melanoma cells were infected by both lentiviruses and identified by Realtime RT-PCR to assess inhibitory efficiency.

RESULTSThe recombinant lentiviral vectors of Tie2-RNAi were constructed successfully which were analyzed with restriction enzyme digestion and identified by sequencing. And the titer of lentiviral vector was 8.8 x 10(3)/ml, which was determined by 293T cell. The results of Realtime RT-PCR demonstrated that the lentiviral vectors of Tie2-RNAi could infect malignant melanoma cells and inhibit the expression of Tie2 genes in malignant melanoma cells (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the expression level (P>0.05) between the two lentiviral vectors of Tie2-RNAi.

CONCLUSIONSLentivector carrying Tie2-SiRNA can be constructed successfully and inhibit the expression of Tie2 gene in vitro significantly. The study will supply the theory basis for the further research on the inhibition of tumor growth in vivo.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Lentivirus ; genetics ; Melanoma ; genetics ; Plasmids ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Receptor, TIE-2 ; genetics ; Transfection