Objective To reveal the characteristics of Tibetan human body composition in Gannan.Methods The body composition of 410 Tibetan adults(221 males and 189 females)in Gannan was measured by bioelectrical impedance method.The data were processed by SPSS 20.0 statistical software.Results Related analysis results showed that the total body muscle mass,estimated fat level and trunk muscle mass of the male decreased with age,while the percent body water,visceral fat level and percent trunk fat increased with age.The stature and left lower limb muscle mass of the female decreased with age,while body weight,percent body fat,body mass index,visceral fat level,percent right upper limb fat,right upper limb muscle mass,percent left upper limb,left upper limb muscle mass,percent right lower limb fat,percent left lower limb fat,left lower limb muscle mass and percent trunk fat increased with age.Analysis of single factor variance showed that there were statistically significant differences in the four indexes of male percent body water,visceral fat level,percent trunk fat and trunk muscle mass,while there were no statistically significant differences in the other 14 indexes among age groups.Females weight,stature,percent body fat,total body muscle mass,estimated fat level,body mass index,visceral fat level,percent right upper limb fat,right upper limb muscle mass,percent left upper limb fat,left upper limb muscle mass,percent right lower limb fat,percent left lower limb fat,left lower limb muscle mass,percent trunk fat,trunk muscle mass 16 index values were statistically significant differences between age groups,the remaining two index values were not statistically significant differences between age groups.The results of u test showed that the body weight,total body muscle mass,estimated fat level,percent body water,limb muscle mass and trunk muscle mass of males were higher than those of females,and percent body fat,limb fat rate,visceral fat rate and trunk fat rate of females were higher than those of males.According to the body mass index,Gannan Tibetan male and female were overweight;according to the percent body fat,Gannan Tibetan males were non-obesity and females were obesity.Conclusion The body mass index and overall fat content of Tibetan males and females in Gannan are relatively high among the 13 ethnic groups.

Objective To explore the common features of Chinese ethnic groups.Methods Eight body indexes of 62 ethnic groups in China were analyzed.Results The cluster analysis showed that 52 males and 59 females ethnic groups were grouped into the mixed group dominated by the northern ethnic group and the mixed group dominated by the southern ethnic group.Eight Han ethnic groups were grouped into each group,but no Han group was aggregated.The result of body index classification showed that the main body types of Chinese male population were long trunk,middle chest,wide shoulder,wide pelvis and middle leg.Middle body,wide chest,wide shoulder,wide pelvis and middle leg were the main body types of Chinese female population.This showed that the characteristics of Chinese ethnic groups had obvious consistency.The consistency of Chinese group features was related to its close origin.It should be said that Han nationality played an important role in the process of communication and integration of various ethnic groups in China.In the history of the Han nationality,there had been many large-scale population migration.The southern movement of the northern ethnic minorities into the northern Han and the southward movement of the northern Han into the south promoted the formation of the Southern Han,which made the southern Han and the northern Han had similar body features,and also promoted the southern ethnic minorities into the southern Han.In addition,the Han nationality who moved into minority areas also gradually integrated into minority areas.Conclusion There are obvious commonalities in Chinese ethnic groups.

Objective To explore the commonalities and differences of the body characteristics of different language groups in China.Methods The body index data of 65 343 adults(29 667 males and 35 676 females)from 8 language groups in China were measured.Principal component analysis was used to explore the characteristics of human body development in China.Results Among the eight language groups in China,the three ethnic groups of the Altai languages have the largest body weight,large trunk circumference,high stature,long lower limbs,and long trunk.The body height,length,weight and trunk circumference of the Han ethnic group were slightly inferior to those of the Altaic ethnic group.The Tibetan-Burmese ethnic group belongs to the group with higher body height,length,weight and trunk circumference in the southern ethnic group.In contrast,the Zhuang-Dong ethnic group,the Miao-Yao ethnic group and the South Asian ethnic group in the south had smaller trunk circumference,lighter weight,shorter stature,shorter lower limbs and shorter trunk.Conclusion The body characteristics of the northern(or southern)language groups are relatively close,which reflects the commonality of the characteristics of the Chinese language groups.The differences in the characteristics of Chinese language groups are mainly reflected in the fact that the index values of the three language groups in the north are significantly larger than those of the four language groups in the south.Genetic factors,geographical environment factors and social development factors all affect the body characteristics of Chinese language ethnic group.

To characterize human antibodies against low-calcium response V(LcrV)antigen of Yersinia pestis,the mono-clonal antibodies were screened and assayed.Antibody gene was derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the vaccin-ees immunized by plague subunit vaccine in phase Ⅱb clinical trial.Human ScFv antibody library was constructed by phage dis-play.After panning library by using recombinant LcrV antigen,antibody variable genes were sequenced and converted into IgG1 format to evaluate its binding specificity and relevant parameters.An anti-plague human ScFv antibody library was estab-lished contained 7.54× 108 independent clones.After panning by LcrV antigen,3 human antibodies named as RV-B4,RV-D1 and RV-E8,respectively,were identified.Using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and Western blot(WB),the specific bindings of the mAbs to LcrV antigen were confirmed.The dissociation constant(KD)of them to LcrV is 2.1 nmol/L,1.24 nmol/L and 42 nmol/L,respectively.Minor protective efficacy was found among 3 human antibodies in Y.pestis 141-infected mice.Three anti-LcrV monoclonal antibodies generated from immunized vaccinees were binding specific antibod-ies and could not block plague infection in mice.These antibodies are the potential candidate reagents for basic research of plague immunity and the application of plague diagnosis.

Osteoporosis is an important cause of internal fixation loosening after spinal surgery.Cement-augmented pedicle screw instru-mentation(CAPSI)technique is the most widely used technique in clinical practice to improve the stability of pedicle screw,mainly applied in osteoporosis and revision surgery,which included conventional solid pedicles crews and fenestrated/cannulated pedicle screws technique.CAPSI technique may cause cement leakage and pulmonary embolism,and there is no consensus on its indications or technical points.Therefore,this article reviews the research progress of CAPSI,in order to provide relevant reference for clinical practice.

AIM To evaluate the quality of Yanyangke Mixture.METHODS The HPLC fingerprints were established,after which cluster analysis,principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were performed.The contents of liquiritin,rosmarinic acid,sheganoside,irisgenin,honokiol,monoammonium glycyrrhizinate,irisflorentin,isoliquiritin and magnolol were determined,the analysis was performed on a 35 ℃ thermostatic Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column(5 μm,250 mmx4.6 mm),with the mobile phase comprising of 0.1％phosphoric acid-acetonitrile flowing at 1 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and multi-wavelength detection was adopted.RESULTS There were ten common peaks in the fingerprints for twelve batches of samples with the similarities of more than 0.9.Various batches of samples were clustered into three types,three principal components displayed the acumulative variance contribution rate of 87.448％,peaks 5、14(honokiol),3(liquiritin),11(monoammonium glycyrrhizinate)and 15(asarinin)were quality markers.Nine constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(r＞0.999 0),whose average recoveries were 98.5％-103.6％with the RSDs of 0.92％-1.7％.CONCLUSION This stable and reliable method can provide a basis for the quality control of Yanyangke Mixture.

Objective To analyze the nutritional level, obesity status and the prevalence of frypertension in Blang, Deang and Va ethnic groups in Yunnan, to explore the relationship among nutritional physical index, obesity indicators and blood pressure, and use the cutoff value of related indicators to warn frypertension. Methods This paper was based on a statistical analysis of the 7 nutritional pfrysical indexes, 5 types of obesity status and frypertension status of 766 Blang, 570 Deang and 565 Va. Results We found that the nutritional pfrysique index of man)' items (4 items for men and 4 items for women) of Blang was significantly higher than that of Deang and Va (P<0. 05), the Erismann' s index and Pelidisi' s index of Deang female were significantly higher than those of Blang female and Va female (P<0. 05). The differences in the obesity rates determined by the three obesity determination indexes of waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and percent of bod)' fat (PBF) were statistically significant among the three ethnic groups (P < 0. 05), and the obesity rates determined by the three indexes of bod)' mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI) and PBF were all the highest in the Blang, and the central obesity rates determined by the two indexes of WC and WHR were all the highest in Va. The rank of the prevalence of hypertension was Va > Blang > Deang and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). Conclusion Pelidisi' s index, WHR, and PBF all have good early warning effects on frypertension in all three ethnic groups.

Objective To understand the body characteristics of adults from the Tibeto-Burman language group. Methods Totally 14 837 adults (6578 males and 8259 females) from 17 minorities were selected for investigation during 2015 to 2019 and these surveys were carried out in regions including Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan and Tibet Autonomous Region. Eight physical parameters (stature, sitting height, etc.) along with 4 corresponding indexes (stature-sitting index and the like) were carefully analyzed. The body characteristics of the Tibeto-Burman language group were then compared to those of certain minorities as well as Han in both northern and southern part of China based on our collected data. Results Among 17 minorities of the Tibeto-Burman language group, people from Pumi and Tibet were relatively tall and have longer trunk and limbs. The presence of wider trunk and thicker limbs appeared to be common in Tibetan individuals. Subjects from Lahu, Jino and Derung were in possession of shorter stature and limbs while the trunk of Naxi, Lisu and Achang people seemed wider. Compared with other ethnic groups in China, individuals from the Tibeto-Burman language group tended to own shorter stature accompanied by medium trunk width, probably sharing similar physical characteristics with those minorities in southern China, especially She and Li. Conclusion Among ethnic groups dotting in southern China, individuals from the Tibeto-Burman language group generally have medium stature, medium trunk height, and wide trunk whereas those from 3 Mon-Khmer groups, Va, Khmus and Blang, are shorter and smaller in width and height of the trunk.

A survey was conduct to analyze the usage situation of post-exposure prophylaxis(PEP) and related factors among men who have sex with men(MSM) in 6 cities of Shandong Province. Total of 2 620 subjects, the use ratio was 2.98% (78/2 620). Compared with age≤24 years,monthly income<5 000 yuan,non-commercial sex, non-DU,non-STD,role for being insert in the anal intercourse,MSM was more likely to use PEP with age≥45 years(OR=3.87, 95%CI:1.12-13.36),monthly income≥5 000 yuan(OR=1.87, 95%CI:1.07-3.28),commercial sex (OR=3.13, 95%CI:1.56-6.28), drug users (DUs) (OR=4.63, 95%CI:2.51-8.52),STD patient (OR=2.35,95%CI:1.05-5.27),the mixed sex role group(OR=2.25,95%CI:1.10-4.62).
Male ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Homosexuality, Male ; HIV Infections/prevention & control* ; Post-Exposure Prophylaxis ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; Sexual Behavior

Objective To explore the law of changes in the appearance of Chinese Mongolians with age. Methods Totally 24 human indexes of head and face from 4410 cases (1916 males and 2494 females) and 13 Mongolian ethnic groups were measured, and 12 craniofacial indexes were calculated. Correlation analysis was used to study the changes of craniofacial indexes and indexes with age. The method of analysis of variance was used to study whether the differences between the index values and index values of the three age groups were statistically significant. Results With the increase of age, the distance between the two mandibular angles became wider, the mouth widened, the width, height and length of the nose increased, the skin of the upper lip increased, the length and width of the ear increased, the width of the head, forehead, face, mastoid and tragus narrowed, the width of the eyes narrowed, the upper and lower lips thinned, the circumference of the head and the height of the head decreased, and the length of the head did not change significantly. With the increase of age, the Mongolian face becomes narrower and longer, the proportion of the height of the face in the whole head high school increases, the nose becomes wider, and the head appears to be relatively longer, lower and wider. The distance between the left and right frontotemporal points is relatively closer, the mouth cleft appears more slender, and the ratio of length to width of the ear does not change much. Conclusion With the increase of age, the facial features of Mongolian have changed.