Intermittent exotropia(IXT)is the most prevalent form of childhood strabismus, with an estimated prevalence of approximately 3.26% in the Chinese population. Although patients can intermittently maintain orthotropia, the deviation angle often fluctuates markedly, and frank exotropia may become evident during fatigue or lapses in attention. Without intervention, roughly 75% of cases progress over time. Management comprises surgical and non-surgical approaches. Surgery remains the most definitive treatment, however, the optimal timing is controversial, and postoperative outcomes may include under- or over-correction, necessitating additional procedures. Non-surgical options include observation, refractive correction, over-minus lens therapy, prisms, orthoptic exercises, and botulinum toxin-A injections. These modalities are particularly suitable for young, or uncooperative children, patients with small-angle, well-controlled deviations, or those seeking to defer surgery, in such cases, non-surgical treatment can maintain binocular alignment and preserve monocular function, thereby delaying or avoiding surgery. Because the efficacy of each non-surgical strategy varies, this review summarizes the current evidence on non-surgical treatment of IXT.

Objective To develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven lung cancer database by structuring and standardizing clinical data, enabling advanced data mining for lung cancer research, and providing high-quality data for real-world studies. Methods Building on the extensive clinical data resources of the Department of Thoracic Surgery at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, this study utilized machine learning techniques, particularly natural language processing (NLP), to automatically process unstructured data from electronic medical records, examination reports, and pathology reports, converting them into structured formats. Data governance and automated cleaning methods were employed to ensure data integrity and consistency. Results As of September 2024, the database included comprehensive data from 18 811 patients, encompassing inpatient and outpatient records, examination and pathology reports, physician orders, and follow-up information, creating a well-structured, multi-dimensional dataset with rich variables. The database’s real-time querying and multi-layer filtering functions enabled researchers to efficiently retrieve study data that meet specific criteria, significantly enhancing data processing speed and advancing research progress. In a real-world application exploring the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer, the database facilitated the rapid analysis of prognostic factors. Research findings indicated that factors such as tumor staging and comorbidities had a significant impact on patient survival rates, further demonstrating the database’s value in clinical big data mining. Conclusion The AI-driven lung cancer database enhances data management and analysis efficiency, providing strong support for large-scale clinical research, retrospective studies, and disease management. With the ongoing integration of large language models and multi-modal data, the database’s precision and analytical capabilities are expected to improve further, providing stronger support for big data mining and real-world research of lung cancer.

Immobilized enzyme-based enzyme electrode biosensors, characterized by high sensitivity and efficiency, strong specificity, and compact size, demonstrate broad application prospects in life science research, disease diagnosis and monitoring, etc. Immobilization of enzyme is a critical step in determining the performance (stability, sensitivity, and reproducibility) of the biosensors. Random immobilization (physical adsorption, covalent cross-linking, etc.) can easily bring about problems, such as decreased enzyme activity and relatively unstable immobilization. Whereas, directional immobilization utilizing amino acid residue mutation, affinity peptide fusion, or nucleotide-specific binding to restrict the orientation of the enzymes provides new possibilities to solve the problems caused by random immobilization. In this paper, the principles, advantages and disadvantages and the application progress of enzyme electrode biosensors of different directional immobilization strategies for enzyme molecular sensing elements by specific amino acids (lysine, histidine, cysteine, unnatural amino acid) with functional groups introduced based on site-specific mutation, affinity peptides (gold binding peptides, carbon binding peptides, carbohydrate binding domains) fused through genetic engineering, and specific binding between nucleotides and target enzymes (proteins) were reviewed, and the application fields, advantages and limitations of various immobilized enzyme interface characterization techniques were discussed, hoping to provide theoretical and technical guidance for the creation of high-performance enzyme sensing elements and the manufacture of enzyme electrode sensors.

ObjectiveChemotherapy is one of the important therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. However, the emergence of multidrug resistance and side effects significantly limit its application. To address these challenges, chemotherapy is often combined with other drugs or therapies. Among the 13 human fucosyltransferases (FUTs) identified, FUT8 (alpha-(1,6)-fucosyltransferase) is the only enzyme responsible for core fucosylation. Core fucosylation plays an important role in cancer occurrence, metastasis and chemotherapy resistance, making the suppression of FUT8 a potential strategy for reversing multidrug resistance. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of combining the small molecule FUT8 inhibitor 2FF (2-deoxy-2-fluoro-L-fucose) with the clinical chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) for treating malignant tumors. MethodsThe human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 and mouse colon cancer cell line CT26 cells were treated with 2FF, DOX or their combination and core fucosylation levels were assessed using Lectin blot. HepG2 and CT26 cells were exposed to 50 μmol/L 2FF for 72 h, followed by treatment with a gradient concentration of DOX for 24 h. Cell viability and IC₅₀ values were determined via the CCK-8 assay. Transwell invasion assays were conducted to evaluate the combined effect of 2FF and DOX on the invasion ability of HepG2 cells. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the impact of 2FF, DOX and their combination on membrane PD-L1 expression of HepG2 cells. To assess the in vivo effect, 6- to 8-week-old female BALB/c mice (20-25 g), were subcutaneously injected with 1×10⁶ CT26 cells into the right axilla (four groups, six mice in each group). After the average tumor volume reached 100 mm³, mice were treated with DOX, 2FF, their combination, or saline (mock group) every other day. DOX was administrated intraperitoneally (2 mg/kg), 2FF intravenously (5 mg/kg), and the combination group, received the both treatment. Tumor size was measured every other day using a vernier caliper. ResultsThis study demonstrated that DOX upregulates the core fucosylation levels in HepG2 and CT26 cells,while 2FF effectively inhibits this DOX-induced effect. Furthermone, 2FF enhanced the sensitivity of HepG2 and CT26 cells to DOX. The combination of 2FF and DOX synergistically inhibited the invasion ability of HepG2 cells, and enhanced the anti-tumor efficacy of CT26 subcutaneous tumor model in BALB/c mice. However the combination treatment led to weight loss in mice. In addition, DOX increased the cell surface PD-L1 expression in HepG2 cells, which was effectively suppressed by 2FF. ConclusionThe FUT8 inhibitor 2FF effectively suppresses DOX-induced upregulation of core fucosylation and PD-L1 levels in tumor cells, and 2FF synergistically enhances the anticancer efficacy of DOX.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of a novel initiation model on initiating behavioral requests in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). MethodsFrom November to December, 2022, 44 children with ASD were selected from Jiaxing Sunlight Rehabilitation Kindergarten, and divided into prelinguistic group (n = 23) and linguistic group (n = 21) according to the language function. The initiation-requested skills, and types and frequency of initiation-requested behaviors were observed under the novel initiation model and the conventional initiation model. ResultsBoth the groups scored higher in the novel initiation model than in the conventional initiation model for initiation-requested skills (|t| > 2.794, P < 0.05) and types of initiation-requested behaviors (|t| > 3.697, P < 0.01), and it increased for the frequency of the use of two- and three-behavioral initiation of requests (χ² > 7.986, P < 0.05). ConclusionThe novel initiation model can improve initiation request skills in children with ASD.

BackgroundRumination can play a certain degree role of psychological adjustment in cancer patients. Previous studies have focused on studying the level of rumination in a single type of cancer patient， but there is a lack of comprehensive investigation and influencing factor research on rumination levels in different types of cancer patients. ObjectiveTo explore the level of rumination and its influencing factors among middle-advanced cancer inpatients， so as to provide certain guidance for targeted psychological care in clinical practice. MethodsFrom January 2021 to December 2022， a systematic sampling technique was used to recruit 346 patients with TNM stage III or above tumors hospitalized in Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital， Chengdu Sixth People's Hospital and the First People's Hospital of Yibin. All individuals were assessed using Perceived Social Support Scale （PSSS） and the Chinese version of Event-Related Ruminant Inventory （C-ERRI）， and Logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify the influencing factors of rumination. ResultsIn terms of C-ERRI， patients scored （15.59±5.61） on intrusive rumination and （14.59±5.43） on deliberate rumination. Education levels of junior high school/high school/vocational training school （OR=0.817， P<0.01） and junior college and above （OR=0.579， P<0.05） were the protective factors of intrusive rumination， whereas annual personal incomes of <10 000 yuan （OR=4.918， P<0.01） or 10 000~50 000 yuan （OR=2.076， P<0.01） and low （OR=6.882， P<0.01） or middle （OR=3.114， P<0.01） level of social support were the risk factors of intrusive rumination. For deliberate rumination， education levels of junior high school/high school/vocational training school （OR=0.574， P<0.01） and junior college and above （OR=0.449， P<0.05） were the protective factors， and low （OR=1.391， P<0.01） or middle （OR=1.161， P<0.05） levels of social support were the risk factors. ConclusionThe level of intrusive rumination of inpatients with middle-advanced cancer is related to education level， economic status and social support， furthermore， the level of deliberate rumination is related to the educational level and social support. ［Funded by Medical Research Project of Chengdu Health Commission （ number， 2020119）］

Yttrium-90 microsphere selective internal radiation therapy (⁹⁰Y-SIRT) has been widely used in the treatment of malignant liver cancers, and its safety and efficacy have been fully validated. As an important local therapeutic method, ⁹⁰Y-SIRT has been utilized for the treatment of multiple metastatic liver cancers in many cancer diagnosis and treatment centers at home and abroad, demonstrating significant therapeutic potential. This article reviews the basic principle, development history, indications and contraindications of ⁹⁰Y microsphere, as well as the specific applications in treatment of different types of metastatic liver cancers, aiming to provide references for further research and optimization of treatment strategies.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by the destruction of pancreatic islet β cells. Pancreatic islet transplantation provides a treatment method for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus to restore endogenous insulin secretion. However, some problems limit the widespread application of islet transplantation, such as the shortage of donors and post-transplantation rejection damage. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome (MSC-Exo) has become a potential tool for islet transplantation therapy due to their immunomodulatory and tissue repair capabilities. MSC-Exo shows great promise for application, because of low immunogenicity, easily being stored and transported, and the potential as drug delivery vehicles. However, challenges such as preparation, purification, standardization and safety verification need to be overcome before converting MSC-Exo into clinical practice. Therefore, this article reviews the application and potential advantages of MSC-Exo in islet transplantation, aiming to providing more effective and safer treatment options for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Objective To determine the prognostic biomarkers and new therapeutic targets of the lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), based on which to establish a prediction model for the survival of LUAD patients. Methods An integrative analysis was conducted on gene expression and clinicopathologic data of LUAD, which were obtained from the UCSC database. Subsequently, various methods, including screening of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), were employed to analyze the data. Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression were used to establish an assessment model. Based on this model, we constructed a nomogram to predict the probable survival of LUAD patients at different time points (1-year, 2-year, 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year). Finally, we evaluated the predictive ability of our model using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and time-dependent ROC curves. The validation group further verified the prognostic value of the model. Results The different-grade pathological subtypes' DEGs were mainly enriched in biological processes such as metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, antigen processing and presentation, and regulation of enzyme activity, which were closely related to tumor development. Through Cox regression and LASSO regression, we constructed a reliable prediction model consisting of a five-gene panel (MELTF, MAGEA1, FGF19, DKK4, C14ORF105). The model demonstrated excellent specificity and sensitivity in ROC curves, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.675. The time-dependent ROC analysis revealed AUC values of 0.893, 0.713, and 0.632 for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival, respectively. The advantage of the model was also verified in the validation group. Additionally, we developed a nomogram that accurately predicted survival, as demonstrated by calibration curves and C-index. Conclusion We have developed a prognostic prediction model for LUAD consisting of five genes. This novel approach offers clinical practitioners a personalized tool for making informed decisions regarding the prognosis of their patients.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of neuro-Beh?et′s syndrome (NBS) in children.Method:The clinical, brain magnetic resonance imaging and laboratory data of 5 children with NBS diagnosed in the Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University and Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from April 2014 to April 2024 were analyzed retrospectively. The follow-up method was retrospective outpatient or inpatient visit to evaluate the treatment effect of NBS.Result:Among the 5 NBS cases, 2 were male and 3 were female. The age of admission ranged from 8 to 17 years, the time from onset to diagnosis was 2 days to 4 years. Two patients had dizziness, headache and convulsions during the treatment of NBS, 1 patient had disturbance of consciousness, 1 patient gradually developed aphasia, limb movement disorder, dysphagia and muscle weakness after 4 years of Behcet's syndrome, and 1 patient had no clinical symptoms. C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were increased in 4 cases, and cerebrospinal fluid white blood cells and immunoglobulin G were increased in 1 case. Brain magnetic resonance imaging of 4 children showed multiple lesions, including bilateral frontal lobe, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, periventricular and corpus callosum lesions. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple demyelinating diseases in 1 case, and cervical and thoracic magnetic resonance imaging showed slender cervical and thoracic spinal cord. All patients were treated with corticosteroids combined with immunosuppressants or biological agents. The children were followed up for 6 months to 4 years, and 4 cases had good treatment results, and 1 case finally gave up treatment.Conclusions:The clinical manifestations of NBS are not specific, and brain magnetic resonance imaging shows that the lesion location and morphology are not specific. NBS children treated with corticosteroids combined with immunosuppressive agents or biological agents have a good prognosis.