ObjectiveTo analyze and assess the pollution levels of lead （Pb）， cadmium （Cd）， and chromium （Cr） in rural soils of Wanzhou District， Chongqing Municipality， and to provide data support for proposing relevant measures and suggestions. MethodsBased on the soil monitoring data from 2017 to 2021， the ecological risk assessment was conducted by applying the Soil Pollution Risk Control Standard for Agricultural Land of Soil Environmental Quality （for trial implementation） （GB 15168‒2018）， the pollution index method and the potential ecological risk method. ResultsA total of 100 soil samples were collected， with pH values ranged from 3.50 to 8.30， and a mean value of 6.10. The mean values of Pb， Cd， and Cr in the soil were 25.2 mg·kg^-1， 0.310 mg·kg^-1， and 68.6 mg·kg^-1， respectively. Except for Cr， the mean values of other elements exceeded the soil background values. Cd level had the largest coefficient of variation and uneven spatial distribution， with an overall exceedance rate of 30.0%. Pollution levels of Pb and Cr were generally at the alert level， while Cd was generally at a light pollution level. The proportion of Cd pollution levels was higher than that of Pb and Cr， and the difference was statistically significant（χ²=15.015， P=0.001）. The Nemerow comprehensive pollution index in different townships ranged from 0.70 to 2.07， with a median value of 1.10， and was generally at a light pollution level. The potential ecological hazard risk of Cd was relatively high， and was generally at a mild level of hazard. The highest contribution rate in the comprehensive potential ecological hazard index was Cd， accounting for 84.1%. ConclusionThere is a certain degree of Cd pollution and mild ecological risk in rural soils of Wanzhou District. Monitoring and management of Cd pollution in rural soils of Wanzhou District， Chongqing Municipality， should be strengthened.

AIM: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-concentrations atropine eye drops in controlling adolescent myopia.METHODS:A computer search was conducted on Wanfang Data, CNKI, VIP, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases from January 2010 to March 2024 on clinical studies on low-concentration atropine eye drops for controlling adolescent myopia. Two researchers independently screened trials, extracted data, evaluated risk of bias and quality, and used Review Manager5.4 software to perform Meta-analysis.RESULTS:A total of 17 articles, involving 3 764 cases and 3 952 eyes, were included. The Meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, low concentrations of atropine could effectively slow down the growth of axial length [MD=-0.15, 95% CI(-0.20, -0.10), P<0.00001], significantly controlled the changes in spherical equivalent [MD=0.39, 95% CI(0.29, 0.48), P<0.00001], and had a significant effect on pupil diameter [MD=0.80, 95% CI(0.33,1.28), P=0.0010] and amplitude of accommodation [MD=-2.54, 95%CI(-4.49, -0.60), P=0.01].CONCLUSION:Low-concentrations atropine are effective in controlling spherical equivalent and axial length of myopia in adolescents, significantly affecting pupil diameter and amplitude of accommodation, and effectively delaying the progression of myopia.

Objective:To investigate the value of serum free light chain(sFLC)and serum calcium ion in the diagnosis and prognosis of multiple myeloma(MM).Methods:Forty patients with MM treated in Henan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2018 to January 2022 were selected as the observation group,and 40 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group.The differences of sFLC-κ,sFLC-λ,sFLC-κ/λ,serum calcium ions,etc between the two groups were compared.Meanwhile,the differences of sFLC-κ,sFLC-λ,sFLC-κ/λ,serum calcium ions,etc in different international staging systems(ISS),chemotherapy efficacy and prognosis patients were analyzed.Results:The levels of sFLC-κ[(98.39±21.19)vs(12.01±4.45)mg/L],sFLC-λ[(210.20±45.54)vs(14.10±5.11)mg/L]and proportions of hypocalcemia(65％vs 0)in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05),while sFLC-κ/λ ratio[(0.44±0.10)vs(0.87±0.12)]and serum calcium ions[(1.98±0.46)vs(2.42±0.40)mmol/L]were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The sFLC-κ,sFLC-λ,the proportion of hypocalcemia and the course of hypocalcemia in ISS stage Ⅲ patients in the observation group were significantly higher than those in stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ patients(P＜0.05),while sFLC-κ/λ ratio,and serum calcium ions were significantly lower than those in stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ patients(P＜0.05).The levels of sFLC-κ[(107.76±21.22)vs(94.67 ±20.11)mg/L],sFLC-λ[(245.54±41.12)vs(205.54±50.22)mg/L]of patients with hypocalcemia in the observation group was significantly higher than those without hypocalcemia(P＜0.05),while the sFLC-κ/λ ratio was significantly lower than those without hypocalcemia[(0.42±0.04)vs(0.47±0.06);P＜0.05].The levels of sFLC-κ[(107.29±20.14)vs(91.11±18.92)mg/L],sFLC-λ[(247.98±42.26)vs(179.29±39.32)mg/L]in patients with ineffective chemotherapy were significantly higher than those in patients with effective chemotherapy(P＜0.05),while the sFLC-κ/λ ratio was significantly lower than those in patients with effective chemotherapy[(0.43± 0.10)vs(0.50±0.09);P＜0.05)].The area under the ROC curve for sFLC-κ,sFLC-λ,sFLC-κ/λ predicting ineffective chemotherapy was 0.803,0.793 and 0.699 respectively,P＜0.05.There was no significant difference in sFLC-κ,sFLC-λ,sFLC-κ/λ ratio,serum calcium ion,hypocalcemia ratio and hypocalcemia course between survival and death patients(P＞0.05).Conclusion:sFLC and serum calcium are related to 1SS stage of MM patients.sFLC level has a certain value to predict the curative effect of chemotherapy in MM patients.However,the prognostic values of sFLC and serum calcium are not yet confirmed for MM patients.

This study explored the growth-promoting effect and mechanism of the endophytic bacterium Kocuria rosea on Rehmannia glutinosa, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the development of green bacterial fertilizer. R. glutinosa 'Jinjiu' was treated with K. rosea, and the shoot parameters including leaf length, leaf width, plant width, and stem diameter were measured every 15 days. After 120 days, the shoots and roots were harvested. The root indicators(root number, root length, root diameter, root fresh weight, root dry weight, root volume, and root vitality) and secondary metabolites(catalpol, rehmannioside A, rehmannioside D, verbascoside, and leonuride) were determined. The R. glutinosa growth-promoting mechanism of K. rosea was discussed from the effect of K. rosea on the nutrient element content in R. glutinosa and rhizosphere soil and the genome information of this plant. After application of K. rosea, the maximum increases in leaf length, leaf width, plant width, and stem diameter were 35.67%(60 d), 25.39%(45 d), 40.17%(60 d), and 113.85%(45 d), respectively. The root number, root length, root diameter, root volume, root fresh weight, root dry weight, and root viability increased by 41.71%, 45.10%, 48.61%, 94.34%, 101.55%, 147.61%, and 42.08%, respectively. In addition, the content of rehmannioside A and verbascoside in the root of R. glutinosa increased by 76.67% and 69.54%, respectively. K. rosea promoted the transformation of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and potassium(K) in the rhizosphere soil into the available state. Compared with that in the control, the content of available N(54.60 mg·kg~(-1)), available P(1.83 μmol·g~(-1)), and available K(83.75 mg·kg~(-1)) in the treatment with K. rosea increased by 138.78%, 44.89%, and 14.34%, respectively. The content of N, P, and K in the treatment group increased by 293.22%, 202.63%, and 23.80% in the roots and by 23.60%, 107.23%, and 134.53% in the leaves of R. glutinosa, respectively. K. rosea carried the genes related to colonization(rbsB, efp, bcsA, and gmhC), N, P, and K metabolism(narG, narH, narI, nasA, nasB, GDH2, pyk, aceB, ackA, CS, ppa, ppk, ppk2, pstS, pstA, pstB, and pstC), and indole-3-acetic acid and zeatin synthesis(iaaH and miaA). Further studies showed that K. rosea could colonize the roots of R. glutinosa and secrete indole-3-acetic acid(3.85 μg·mL~(-1)) and zeatin(0.10 μg·mL~(-1)). In summary, K. rosea promotes the growth of R.ehmannia glutinosa by enhancing the nutrient uptake, which provides a theoretical basis for the development of plant growth-promoting microbial products.
Rehmannia/metabolism* ; Endophytes/metabolism* ; Plant Roots/growth & development* ; Micrococcaceae/genetics* ; Data Mining ; Plant Leaves/metabolism* ; Genomics ; Rhizosphere

Objective:To investigate the influence of perioperative oral nutritional supple-mentation on short-term efficacy of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) for obesity patients.Methods:The prospective study was conducted. The clinical data of 218 obesity patients who underwent LSG in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January 2018 to December 2021 were selected. Patients receiving perioperative oral nutritional supplementation were allocated into the experiment group, and patients receiving perioperative conventional treatment were allo-cated into the control group, respectively. Observation indicators: (1) grouping situations of the enrolled patients; (2) postoperative situations and follow-up; (3) nutrition related indicators; (4) dietary compliance; (5) weight loss related indicators. Follow-up was conducted using telephone interview, WeChat communication and outpatient examination to detect albumin (ALB), hemoglobin (HB), dietary compliance and weight loss related indicators of patients up to February 2022. Patients were followed up once every 30 days after discharge. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the indepen-dent sample t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range), and comparison between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was performed using the chi-square test. Repeated measurement data were analyzed using the repeated ANOVA. Comparison of ordinal data was analyzed using the rank sum test. Results:(1) Grouping situations of the enrolled patients. A total of 218 patients were selected for eligibility. There were 42 males and 176 females, aged (32±9)years with body mass index (BMI) as (39±7)kg/m 2. Of the 218 patients, there were 109 patients in the experiment group and 109 patients in the control group. Gender(male, female), age, BMI, preoperative albumin (Alb), preoperative hemoglobin (Hb) were 17, 92, (33±9)years, (39±7)kg/m 2, (40.6±4.8)g/L, (141.7±13.9)g/L in the experiment group, versus 25, 84, (31±8)years, (39±8)kg/m 2, (40.9±4.2)g/L, (142.9±9.7)g/L in the control group, showing no signifi-cant difference in the above indicators between the two groups ( χ2=1.89, t=?1.52, 0.51, 0.40, 0.71, P>0.05). (2) Postoperative situations and follow-up. The duration of initial hospital stay, the cost of initial hospital stay were (9.1±2.9)days, (3.6±0.5)ten thousand yuan in the experiment group, versus(11.6±3.7)days, (4.9±1.0)ten thousand yuan in the control group,showing significant differences in the above indicators between the two groups ( t=5.58, 12.38, P<0.05). Of the 218 patients,119 patients were followed up,including 62 patients in the experiment group and 57 patients in the control group,with the follow up time as 31.0(range, 25.0?38.0)days. Of the 218 patients, 14 cases were read-mitted for postoperative complications. There were 2 cases in the experiment group including 1 case with nausea and vomiting and 1 case with ileus, and there were 12 cases in the control group including 10 cases with nausea and vomiting and 2 cases with gastric fistula. There was a significant difference in the readmission between the two groups ( χ2=7.63, P<0.05). The interval between readmission and initial discharge of the 14 patients was(22.0±6.7)days. (3) Nutrition related indica-tors. The Alb and Hb of the 62 patients being followed up in the experiment group were (40.4±5.5)g/L, (35.9±3.8)g/L, (45.4±2.9)g/L and (140.8±13.9)g/L, (130.5±16.9)g/L, (147.8±17.2)g/L before opera-tion, before the first discharge and one month after operation, respectively. The above indicators of the 57 patients being followed up in the control group were (41.2±3.9)g/L, (34.2±3.9)g/L, (42.7±5.3)g/L and (143.0±9.7)g/L, (122.9±12.8)g/L, (139.0±11.4)g/L before operation, before the first discharge and one month after operation, respectively. There were significant differences in change trends of Alb and Hb before operation to one month after operation between the two groups ( Fgroup=4.27, 5.72, P<0.05). There were significant differences in Alb and Hb before operation to one month after operation between the two groups ( Ftime=187.46, 85.13, P<0.05). There were interaction effects in change trends of Alb and Hb before operation to one month after operation between the two groups ( Finteraction=7.25, 9.13, P<0.05). Results of individual effect shown that there was no significant difference in the intervention effect of Alb and Hb before operation between the two groups ( t=?0.90, ?0.99, P>0.05), and there were significant differences in the intervention effect of Alb and Hb before the first discharge and one month after operation ( t=2.45, 3.34, 2.75, 3.34, P<0.05). (4) Dietary compliance. Cases with dietary complete compliance, partial compliance, non-compliance of the 62 patients being followed up in the experiment group were 28, 19, 15, respectively. The above indicators of the 57 patients being followed up in the control group were 17, 16, 24, respectively. There was a signifi-cant difference in the dietary compliance between the two groups ( Z=?2.14, P<0.05). (5) Weight loss related indicators. The body mass, body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, body fat ratio, waist hip fat ratio, visceral fat area of the 62 patients being followed up in the experiment group were (111.0±23.0)kg, (50.0±15.0)kg, (34.0±7.0)kg, 45%±6%, 0.99±0.08, (178±53)cm 2, respectively, before opera-tion. The above indicators of the 57 patients being followed up in the control group were (108.0±22.0)kg, (49.0±13.0)kg, (33.0±7.0)kg, 45%±5%, 0.98±0.09, (174±51)cm 2, respectively, before opera-tion. There was no significant difference in the above indicators between the two groups ( t=?0.71, ?0.48, ?1.04, 0.70, ?0.80, ?0.46, P>0.05). The body mass loss, body fat mass loss, skeletal muscle mass loss, body fat ratio loss, waist hip fat ratio loss, visceral fat area loss of the 62 patients being followed up in the experiment group were 13.8(range, 11.8?16.5)kg, 7.5(range, 6.3?10.1)kg, 3.4(range, 2.5?4.6)kg, 2.05%(range, 1.19%?3.21%), 0.04(range, 0.03?0.06), 31.5(range, 24.4?41.0)cm 2, respectively, one month after operation. The above indicators of the 57 patients being followed up in the control group were 10.8(range, 8.5?13.1)kg, 5.9(range, 4.8?8.0)kg, 4.0(range, 3.0?5.2)kg, 2.0%(range, 0.75%?3.20%), 0.04(range, 0.03?0.05), 29.1(range, 21.8?37.9)cm 2, respectively, one month after operation. There were significant differences in the body mass loss and body fat mass loss between the two groups ( Z=?4.99, ?3.54, P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in skeletal muscle mass loss, body fat ratio loss, waist hip fat ratio loss, visceral fat area loss between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Perioperative supplement of oral nutritional can reduce the incidence of post-operative complications and readmission and enhance the postoperative nutritional status and short-term efficacy of obesity patients undergoing LSG.

Medicinal plants are beneficial to human health. However,most of the major producing regions of medicinal plants suffer from rust disease,which threatens the yield and quality of Chinese medicinal materials,thus causes huge economic loss,and hinders the sustainable development of the Chinese medicine industry. By the end of 2020,rust disease had been reported in medicinal plants of 76 species and 33 families. In the 76 species,79 rust pathogens were detected. The majority of these pathogens belonged to Puccinia( 33,39. 24%),Coleosporium( 14,15. 19%),and Aecidium( 11,13. 92%). Of these 79 rust pathogens,10 were autoecious and 13 were heteroecious. Through literature research,this study reviewed the symptoms,pathogen species,severity and distribution,prevalence and occurrence conditions,and control measures of rust disease in medicinal plants,and thereby summarized the research status of rust disease in medicinal plants and the gap with other plants,which is expected to serve as a reference for further research on rust disease in medicinal plants.
Basidiomycota/genetics* ; Humans ; Plant Diseases ; Plants, Medicinal

Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) has been used to control cancers in clinical treatment. However, an increasing number of reports have suggested that in some cases effectiveness declines after a long treatment period, the reason being unclear. We have reported previously that long-term IFN-γ treatment induces malignant transformation of healthy lactating bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) in vitro. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the malignant proliferation of BMECs under IFN-γ treatment. The primary BMECs used in this study were stimulated by IFN-γ (10 ng/mL) for a long term to promote malignancy. We observed that IFN-γ could promote malignant cell proliferation, increase the expression of cyclin D1/cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), decrease the expression of p21, and upregulate the expression of cellular-abelsongene (c-Abl) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2). The HDAC2 inhibitor, valproate (VPA) and the c-Abl inhibitor, imatinib, lowered the expression level of cyclin D1/CDK4, and increased the expression level of p21, leading to an inhibitory effect on IFN-γ-induced malignant cell growth. When c-Abl was downregulated, the HDAC2 level was also decreased by promoted proteasome degradation. These data suggest that IFN-γ promotes the growth of malignant BMECs through the c-Abl/HDAC2 signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that long-term application of IFN-γ may be closely associated with the promotion of cell growth and even the carcinogenesis of breast cancer.
Animals ; Carcinogenesis/pathology* ; Cattle ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism* ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology* ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells/pathology* ; Female ; Histone Deacetylase 2/metabolism* ; Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology* ; Interferon-gamma/pharmacology* ; Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology* ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction ; Valproic Acid/pharmacology*

Bupleuri Radix is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in clinical practice, which has the effects of relieving fever, relieving liver and depression, and promoting Yangqi. At present, the varieties of Bupleuri Radix are relatively chaotic, and the processing in the production areas is relatively extensive. In the processing of Bupleuri Radix, the processed products contained in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia are raw products and vinegar-processed products. In addition, the specifications on Chinese medicine processing in various provinces and cities contain many processing methods, such as stir-frying with wine, stir-frying with honey, processed with turtle blood, etc. However, there are great differences in processing specifications among provinces and cities, and the processing methods lack clear process parameters, so the quality of Bupleuri Radix decoction pieces produced on these basis is uneven, which affects the clinical application of the decoction pieces. By consulting ancient books and relevant literature, the authors conduct textual research on the varieties of Bupleuri Radix, and systematically summarized the processing methods and processing methods in the producing area, so as to provide reference for the establishment of processing technology specifications and quality standards of Bupleuri Radix decoction pieces.

Objective To observe the normal anatomy and variation of cystic duct by MRCP, and to explore the correlation between anatomic variation and gallbladder stones. Methods To have a retrospective analysis of 371 MRCP patients which meet the requirement of imaging, and to compare the differences between anatomic variation and gallbladder stones with normal cystic duct. Results Among 371 patients, 63 had anatomic variations, A among which,22 had compound variations with 85 variation points in total.The percentage of mutation rate was 16.98%. 53 patients with variation of cystic duct had gallbladder stones, and 182 patients without variation of cystic duct had gallbladder stones. Conclusions MRCP can clearly display different variations of cystic duct, and the patients with variation of cystic duct have higher risks in gallbladder stones than the patients without variations.

Recent studies have shown that diet can affect the body's immunity. Roughage of dairy cows consists of a variety of plant materials which make different contributions to health. This study investigated the effect of different roughages on the immunity of dairy cows. Serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and milk samples were collected from 20 multiparous mid-lactation cows fed mixed forage (MF)- or corn straw (CS)-based diets. Expression profile analysis was used to detect the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from PBMCs. The results showed that milk protein in the MF group increased to 3.22 g/100 ml, while that of the CS group milk was 2.96 g/100 ml; by RNA sequencing, it was found that 1615 genes were differentially expressed between the CS group and the MF group among the 24 027 analyzed probes. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis of DEGs suggested that these genes (especially genes coding cytokines, chemokine and its receptors) are involved in the immune response. Results were confirmed at the protein level via detecting the levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, leptin (LEP), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in peripheral blood by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay analysis. Our data supported the conclusions that the protein content in milk of the MF group was higher than that of the CS group, the CS-based diets induced more release of cytokines than the MF-based diets in dairy cows' PBMCs, and milk protein content may be affected by cytokines.
Animals ; Cattle/immunology* ; Cytokines/physiology* ; Diet ; Female ; Gene Ontology ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology* ; Milk/chemistry* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/physiology* ; Zea mays