To explore the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and integrative TCM-Western medicine approaches in the treatment of diabetic microvascular complications （DMC）， refine key pathophysiological insights and treatment principles， and promote academic innovation and strategic research planning in the prevention and treatment of DMC. The 38th session of the Expert Salon on Diseases Responding Specifically to Traditional Chinese Medicine， hosted by the China Association of Chinese Medicine， was held in Beijing， 2024. Experts in TCM， Western medicine， and interdisciplinary fields convened to conduct a systematic discussion on the pathogenesis， diagnostic and treatment challenges， and mechanism research related to DMC， ultimately forming a consensus on key directions. Four major research recommendations were proposed. The first is addressing clinical bottlenecks in the prevention and control of DMC by optimizing TCM-based evidence evaluation systems. The second is refining TCM core pathogenesis across DMC stages and establishing corresponding "disease-pattern-time" framework. The third is innovating mechanism research strategies to facilitate a shift from holistic regulation to targeted intervention in TCM. The fourth is advancing interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance the role of TCM in new drug development， research prioritization， and guideline formulation. TCM and integrative approaches offer distinct advantages in managing DMC. With a focus on the diseases responding specifically to TCM， strengthening evidence-based support and mechanism interpretation and promoting the integration of clinical care and research innovation will provide strong momentum for the modernization of TCM and the advancement of national health strategies.

Objective To understand the pathogenic molecular characteristics of the latest prevalent Group A Streptococcus(GAS)in a suburban area of Beijing.Methods Throat swab specimens from children suspected of GAS infection in the outpatient setting of a sentinel surveillance hospital in a suburban area of Beijing from January 2023 to June 2025 were collected.GAS strains were detected and cultured.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing on 12 antimicrobial agents were performed,and molecular epidemiological characteristics of GAS strains was further ana-lyzed by whole genome sequencing technique.Results Data of 326 children suspected of GAS infection in outpatient setting were collected.A total of 41 GAS strains were detected and cultured,with a detection rate of 12.58％.The proportions of children with anterior cervical lymph node enlargement,tonsil congestion,and jaw congestion in the GAS positive group were all higher than those in the GAS negative group,and differences were all statistically sig-nificant(all P＜0.05).All 41 GAS strains carried both erm(B)and tet(M)resistance genes and exhibited a struc-tural type(cMLS)resistance phenotype.All of the emm12 strains were ST36,and emm1 strains were ST28.A to-tal of 6 emm12 subtypes and 1 emm1 subtype were detected,namely emm12.2,emm12.95,emm12.69,emm12.17,emm12.19,emm12.149,and emm1.12.Among them,emm12.149 was a newly discovered subtype.Nucleobase at the 175 100 locus in gene sequence had undergone an A→ T mutation.A total of 5 bacteriophages and 6 superanti-gens were detected.There were statistically significant differences in multi-nucleotide polymorphisms(MNPs)and insertion numbers in the genomes of emm12.0 and emm12 subtypes(both P＜0.05).The phylogenetic tree presen-ted a highly clonal group of 23 GAS strains in this area,accounting for 57.50％.Conclusion The prevalent GAS strain in this area is emm12.emm12.149 is a new subtype.The resistance genes and phenotypes are erm(B),tet(M),and structural type(cMLS).The genome has plenty genetic polymorphism,and the genome sequences of multiple GAS strains are highly cloned,indicating the possibility of clone transmission.This suggests that the sur-veillance of GAS in sentinel hospitals should continue to be strengthened,so as to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of GAS epidemics.

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and mortality of lymphoma and their changing trends in cancer registration areas of Liaoning Province from 2016 to 2020,and to provide data support for lymphoma prevention and treatment.Methods The data of tumor registration areas in Liaoning province from 2016 to 2020 were collected and sorted out,and the crude incidence,mortality,China standardized incidence and mortality,world standardized incidence and mortality,and cumulative rate of lymphoma were calculated;Joinpoint 5.0.2 software was used to analyze the changing trends of the above indicators from 2016 to 2020.Results From 2016 to 2020,the crude incidence of lymphoma in tumor registration areas of Liaoning Province was 7.43/100,000,age-standardized incidence by Chinese standard population(ASIRC)was 4.07/100,000,and age-standardized incidence by world standard population(ASIRW)was 3.95/100,000;the crude mortality was 4.29/100,000,age-standardized mortality by Chi-nese standard population(ASMRC)was 2.07/100,000,and age-standardized mortality by world standard population(ASMRW)was 2.02/100,000.The ASIRC and ASMRC were higher in males(4.62/100,000 and 2.53/100,000,respectively)than in females(3.56/100,000 and 1.61/100,000,respectively),also higher in urban areas(4.65/100,000 and 2.32/100,000,respectively)than in rural areas(2.46/100,000 and 1.65/100,000,respectively).The incidence and mortality of lymphoma increased with age.The in-cidence reached its peak in the 70-79 age group,and the mortality reached its peak in the 80+age group.From 2016 to 2020,the crude incidence of lymphoma increased from 6.86/100,000 to 8.22/100,000,with a statistically significant trend(APC=5.06％,95％CI;1.13％-9.14％,P=0.026).ASIRC increased from 4.01/100,000 to 4.45/100,000,with no statistical significance(P＞0.05).The crude mortality increased from 3.85/100,000 to 4.53/100,000,while ASMRC decreased from 2.02/100,000 to 2.01/100,000,with no statistically significant trend in the two changes(P＞0.05).Conclusions The incidence and mortality of lymphoma in cancer registration areas of Liaoning Province are higher in men than those of women,and higher in cities than those in rural areas,and reach the peak in the elderly group.The prevention and control of key populations and health management should be strength-ened,especially pay attention to the health needs of the elderly population,and explore possible directions for multidisciplinary collab-orative diagnosis and treatment to reduce the disease burden.

Objective Exploring the components of complex scenarios of healthcare surges triggered by major epidemics to provide a theorical basis for building resilience in healthcare organizations.Methods A hybrid analysis method is used to summarize macro-meso-micro multi-level and multi-source heterogeneous information,extract the elements of complex scenarios of medical surge and evaluate the rationality.Fault Tree Analysis method is used to clarify the logical relationship between various scenario elements and construct scenario reasoning paths.Results 10 scenario states,11 disaster-bearing,24 emergency management and 23 scenario results are summarized and extracted to form the key elements of complex surge scenarios.Among them,M4 expansion and coordinated scheduling of key positions,B2 conventional drug inventory emergency/insufficient core treatment drugs,B emergency medical material transportation breakage,S3 disease symptom spectrum shift to severe disease,R13 prevention and control awareness laxity,and M5 media information dissemination management are the key driving factors that promote a major turning point in the scenario.The most positive scenario result is the orderly operation of the medical service system,and the most negative scenario result is the paralysis of the medical service system.Conclusion Medical institutions need to improve emergency plans based on the complex evolution scenarios of medical surges and agile governance capabilities targeting key turning points,focus on dynamically expanding and scheduling personnel in key positions,strengthen material rotation and reserve mechanisms,maintain smooth emergency logistics channels,and improve efficient management of media and public opinion,so as to comprehensively improve overall resilience.

Objective To explore the coupling mechanism between medical surge response resources and the spread of secondary risks during public health emergencies,as well as the effectiveness of relevant interventions.Methods Based on complex network theory,a dual-layer network model of medical resources and secondary events was constructed.The interactive feedback between medical resource status and secondary event risk,as well as the effects of network structure,were analyzed through MATLAB simulations,REPAST agent-based modeling,and mean-field analysis.Results Simulation and prediction results show that an increase in first-layer resource-deficient nodes significantly raises the activation rate and transmission speed of secondary events,while the clustering and spread of secondary events in the second layer,in turn,intensify resource depletion,creating a negative feedback loop.Mean-field analysis indicates a nonlinear positive correlation between the adequacy of medical resources and the likelihood of secondary events.Network structure analysis reveals that when the average node degree exceeds 8,resource allocation efficiency improves markedly.Conclusion There exists a dynamic coupling and bidirectional feedback relationship between medical resource status and secondary event risks.Enhancing the flexible allocation and responsiveness of medical resources,improving multi-sectoral collaborative monitoring and coordinated regulation,optimizing network connectivity and coordination mechanisms for resource distribution,and establishing dynamic monitoring and tiered early warning systems are key strategies for strengthening the resilience of healthcare systems and effectively containing the spread of secondary events.

Strengthening the cultivation of innovation ability is the new requirement put forward by the state for higher educa-tion.High-quality curriculum design is the primary means of achieving high-quality talent cultivation.By constructing the"disease case library"and"problem graph"of immune system and related diseases,and adopting the teaching method of"combining large and small cases and integrating online and offline",this study not only consolidates students'basic knowledge,but also builds a bridge for students from theory to practice,from knowledge accumulation to creation and application.It further exercises students'ability to dis-cover,analyze and solve problems,and enhances students'innovation awareness and ability.

Objective To compare the success rate and stability of rat models of comorbid chronic pain and depression induced by different doses of complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA).Methods Sixty SD rats were divided randomly into a control group,low-dose CFA group(CFA-L),and high-dose CFA group(CFA-H)(n=20 rats per group).Rats in the CFA-L and CFA-H groups were injected with 50 and 100 μL CFA,respectively,and rats in the control group were injected with 0.9％sodium chloride solution.The general state,body weight,mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT),and thermal withdrawal latency(TWL)were observed at 0,7,14,21,and 28 days after modeling.Depressive behavior was evaluated using the open field test(OFT),forced swim test(FST),and tail suspension test(TST).Glutamate(Glu)and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)levels in the anterior cingulate cortex were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)expression in the anterior cingulate cortex was detected by immunohistochemistry,and pathological changes in the anterior cingulate cortex were observed by HE staining.Results(1)Regarding the general condition of the rats,the left ankle joint and toes were obviously red and swollen in the CFA-L and CFA-H groups on the 7th day after modeling,and the swelling was more severe in the CFA-H group.The redness and swelling of the left hind foot and ankle joint and toes gradually recovered in the CFA-L group on days 14,21,and 28 after modeling,but were still obvious in the CFA-H group,and the water and food intake decreased.(2)The body mass was significantly lower in rats in the CFA-H group compared with those in the blank and CFA-L groups on days 14,21,and 28 after modeling(P＜0.05,P＜0.05).(3)Regarding pain-related behavior,the MWT and TWL were significantly decreased in the CFA-L and CFA-H groups on the 7th and 14th days after modeling,compared with the control group(P＜0.05,P＜0.05).On day 21 after modeling,MWT was significantly lower in the CFA-H group than in the blank and CFA-L groups(P＜0.05,P＜0.05),and TWL was significantly lower in the CFA-L and CFA-H groups than in the blank group(P＜0.05,P＜0.05).On day 28 after modeling,MWT and TWL were significantly lower in the CFA-H group than in the blank and CFA-L groups(P＜0.05,P＜0.05).(4)In terms of depression-related behaviors,the total OFT movement distance was significantly lower in the CFA-H group than in the blank and CFA-L groups on day 7 after modeling(P＜0.05,P＜0.05).The total OFT distance and central dwell time were significantly lower in the CFA-H group than in the blank and CFA-L groups on days 14,21,and 28 after modeling(P＜0.05,P＜0.05),and the result in the FST and TST were significantly higher than in the blank and CFA-L groups(P＜0.05,P＜0.05).(5)Glu,GABA,and BDNF expression levels were significantly higher in the CFA-H group than in the blank and CFA-L groups(P＜0.05,P＜0.05),while GABA,Glu/GABA,and BDNF levels were significantly lower in the CFA-H group than in the blank and CFA-L groups(P＜0.05,P＜0.05,P＜0.05).(6)The CFA-L group showed less damage in the anterior cingulate cortex,more pyramidal cells,more arranged cells,clear nucleoli,and a small number of cells with karyokynesis and deep staining.Compared with the CFA-L group,rats in the CFA-H group showed a disordered cell arrangement in the injured area of the anterior cingulate cortex,a large number of pyknotic and hyperchromatic neurons,significantly fewer or absent pyramidal cells,and vacuoles,red blood cells,and neurofibrillary tangles in the interstitial space.Conclusions Injection of CFA 100 μL can be used to establish a rat model of chronic inflammatory pain and depression,showing hyperalgesia,depression-like behavioral changes,changes in levels of Glu,GABA,and BDNF in the anterior cingulate cortex,and pathological changes in the anterior cingulate cortex,consistent with the pathophysiological characteristics of chronic pain and depression.

Objective:To optimize the anticoagulation monitoring process for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) patients by constructing an informatization module and evaluate its application effect.Methods:An informatization team was established, and based on literature review, an anticoagulation monitoring information sheet for ECMO patients was developed. Using a data-sharing architecture, existing hospital information management system, laboratory information management system, picture archiving and communication system, and ICU monitoring system were integrated to construct an ECMO anticoagulation monitoring informatization module with data sharing, real-time alerts, and information support functions. Clinical applications were observed for effect. A convenience sampling method was employed to select 60 ECMO patients treated in the ICU of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from October 2022 to September 2023. The patients admitted from October 2022 to March 2023 were designated as the control group ( n=30), using the conventional anticoagulation monitoring method; those admitted from April to September 2023 were designated as the experimental group ( n=30), using the anticoagulation monitoring informatization module. The anticoagulation monitoring timeliness rate, anticoagulant drug adjustment timeliness rate, and the incidence rates of thrombosis and bleeding were compared between the two groups. Results:The timeliness rate of anticoagulation monitoring and the timeliness rate of anticoagulant drug adjustment in the experimental group were (93.38±6.31) % and (91.90±4.71) %, respectively, which were higher than those in the control group (83.01±9.94) % and (83.49±12.83) %, with statistically significant differences (both P<0.01). The incidence rates of thrombosis and bleeding in the experimental group were 16.67% (5/30) and 26.67% (8/30), respectively, which were lower than those in the control group 40.00% (12/30) and 53.33% (16/30), with statistically significant differences (both P<0.05) . Conclusions:The optimized anticoagulation monitoring informatization process based on the anticoagulation monitoring informatization module demonstrates a good clinical application effect and can reduce the incidence of bleeding and thrombosis in ECMO patients.

Objective:To investigate feedback on teaching effectiveness and optimization strategies for flipped classrooms in pediatric probation of eight-year clinical medicine programs, and to provide insights for enhancing the educational quality of pediatric probation.Methods:From June to September 2022, eight-year clinical medicine students from the class of 2018 undergoing pediatric probation were included in the study using purposive sampling. The subjects participated in one-on-one, offline, semi-structured, in-depth interviews to provide feedback on traditional lectures and flipped classroom teaching. The sample size was determined based on the principle of data saturation, with nine students participating in-depth interviews. NVivo 12 software was used for coding and classifying the interview data, which were then analyzed using thematic framework analysis to identify key themes.Results:Analysis of the interview data revealed three themes and ten sub-themes. Specifically, theme 1: The flipped classroom enhanced learning effectiveness but increased students' workload; theme 2: The current pediatric probation was scientifically designed but could be improved; theme 3: Several strategies exist for optimizing the flipped classroom teaching in pediatric probation.Conclusions:The flipped classroom in pediatric probation is in its early stages. While offering some benefits, further exploration and optimization are needed in curriculum design, student motivation, and supervision and evaluation methods.

To rapidly detect and differentiate Mycoplasma gallisepticum(MG)and Mycoplasma synovialis(MS),two sets of specific primers and TaqMan probes were designed in this study based on the conserved regions of the 16S rRNA gene of two pathogens in NCBI.A dual TaqMan fluorescence quantitative PCR method for simultaneous detection of MG and MS was established by optimizing the reaction conditions,and the specificity,sensitivity,repeatability,and reliability of the method were verified.The results showed that this method could specifically amplify MG and MS without cross reactivity with 21 pathogens.The sensitivity experiment results showed that the detection limits of this method for MG and MS were 5.40×10 1 copies/μL and 6.60 × 10 1 copies/μL,and the sensitivity was 10 to 100 times higher than that of known methods.In addition,the re-sults of repetitive experiments showed that the coefficient of variation within and between groups was less than 1％.Compared with the single PCR amplification method in NY/T 553-2015,the positive sample detection coincidence rate,negative sample detection coincidence rate,and total sample detection coincidence rate were all 100.00％,indicating the strong reliability of this method.Using this method to detect 84 suspected Mycoplasma infected chicken samples,the results showed that the MG positivity rate was 32.14％(27/84),the MS positivity rate was 22.62％(19/84),and the positivity rate of samples infected with MG and MS was 16.67％(14/84).Concurrent-ly,182 healthy chicken cloacal swab samples,118 healthy chicken nasal swab samples,and 74 chicken farm environmental samples were detected,and the results showed that all samples were positive for Mycoplasma.The above results indicate that this method can be applied to the detec-tion of various clinical samples.In summary,the method established in this study had the advanta-ges of high specificity,high sensitivity,and good reproducibility.It could be used for clinical differ-ential diagnosis,epidemiological investigation,and pathogen purification of MG and MS infections.