High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to determine the content of three major components in Citri Reticulatae Semen(CRS), including limonin, nomilin, and obacunone. The chromaticity of the CRS sample during salt processing and stir-frying was measured using a color difference meter. Next, the relationship between the color and content of the salt-processed CRS sample was investigated through correlation analysis. By integrating the oil bath technique for processing simulation with HPLC, the changes in the relative content of nomilin and its transformation products were analyzed, with its structural transformation pattern during processing identified. Additionally, RAW264.7 cells were induced with lipopolysaccharides(LPSs) to establish an inflammatory model, and the anti-inflammatory activity of nomilin and its transformation product, namely obacunone was evaluated. The results indicated that as processing progressed, E~*ab and L~* values showed a downward trend; a~* values exhibited a slow increase over a certain period, followed by no significant changes, and b~* values remained stable with no significant changes over a certain period and then started to decrease. The limonin content remained barely unchanged; the nomilin content decreased, and the obacunone increased significantly. The changing trends in content and color parameters during salt-processing and stir-frying were basically consistent. The content of nomilin and obacunone was significantly correlated with the colorimetric values(L~*, a~*, b~*, and E~*ab), while limonin content showed no significant correlation with these values. By analyzing HPLC patterns of nomylin at different heating temperatures and time, it was found that under conditions of 200-250 ℃ for heating of 5-60 min, the content of nomilin significantly decreased, while the obacunone content increased pronouncedly. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity results indicated that compared to the model group, the group with a high concentration of nomilin and the groups with varying concentrations of obacunone showed significantly reduced release of nitric oxide(NO)(P<0.01). When both were at the same concentration, obacunone showed better performance in inhibiting NO release. In this study, the obvious correlation between the color and content of major components during the processing of CRS samples was identified, and the dynamic patterns of quality change in CRS samples during processing were revealed. Additionally, the study revealed and confirmed the transformation of nomilin into obacunone during processing, with the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of obacunone significantly greater than that of nomilin. These findings provided a scientific basis for CRS processing optimization, tablet quality control, and its clinical application.
Mice ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Limonins/chemistry* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Citrus/chemistry* ; Color ; Benzoxepins/chemistry* ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry*

This study aims to explore the pharmacodynamic material basis of Jinbei Oral Liquid(JBOL) against idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF) based on serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology. The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) technology was employed to analyze and identify the components absorbed into rat blood after oral administration of JBOL. Combined with network pharmacology, the study explored the pharmacodynamic material basis and potential mechanism of JBOL against IPF through protein-protein interaction(PPI) network construction, "component-target-pathway" analysis, Gene Ontology(GO) functional enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. First, a total of 114 compounds were rapidly identified in JBOL extract according to the exact relative molecular mass, fragment ions, and other information of the compounds with the use of reference substances and a self-built compound database. Second, on this basis, 70 prototype components in blood were recognized by comparing blank serum with drug-containing serum samples, including 28 flavonoids, 25 organic acids, 4 saponins, 4 alkaloids, and 9 others. Finally, using these components absorbed into blood as candidates, the study obtained 212 potential targets of JBOL against IPF. The anti-IPF mechanism might involve the action of active ingredients such as glycyrrhetinic acid, cryptotanshinone, salvianolic acid B, and forsythoside A on core targets like AKT1, TNF, and ALB and thereby the regulation of multiple signaling pathways including PI3K/AKT, HIF-1, and TNF. In conclusion, JBOL exerts the anti-IPF effect through multiple components, targets, and pathways. The results would provide a reference for further study on pharmacodynamic material basis and pharmacological mechanism of JBOL.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacokinetics* ; Animals ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Network Pharmacology ; Rats ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Male ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/metabolism* ; Humans ; Administration, Oral ; Protein Interaction Maps/drug effects* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects*

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the common chronic complications in diabetic patients. Its course is complex and the therapeutic effect is limited, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the research on the mechanism of DFU wound repair. Studies have found that dysregulation of the inflammatory microenvironment, vascular dysfunction, obstruction of re-epithelialization, insufficient collagen deposition, and formation of wound biofilms are the core factors affecting healing. Intervention strategies targeting these mechanisms have become research hotspots. For instance, hydrogel scaffolds could provide an appropriate healing microenvironment, immune regulation strategies could promote inflammation resolution and tissue remodeling, and stem cell exosomes and growth factors have shown good potential in cell migration, angiogenesis, and matrix remodeling. Various natural compounds, such as components from Chinese herbal medicines, are also applied in diabetic foot ulcers. And it demonstrates excellent anti-inflammatory and restorative capabilities. However, existing research still faces obstacles in clinical translation, such as the immaturity of individualized treatment strategies and the difficulty of animal models in simulating complex clinical situations. By systematically summarizing the latest research progress on the repair mechanism of DFU, it is expected to provide theoretical support for precise treatment.
Humans ; Diabetic Foot/drug therapy* ; Wound Healing ; Animals

PURPOSE: The rate of complications among patients undergoing surgery has increased due to infection with SARS-CoV-2 and other variants of concern. However, Omicron has shown decreased pathogenicity, raising questions about the risk of postoperative complications among patients who are infected with this variant. This study aimed to investigate complications and related factors among patients with recent Omicron infection prior to undergoing orthopedic surgery. METHODS: A historical control study was conducted. Data were collected from all patients who underwent surgery during 2 distinct periods: (1) between Dec 12, 2022 and Jan 31, 2023 (COVID-19 positive group), (2) between Dec 12, 2021 and Jan 31, 2022 (COVID-19 negative control group). The patients were at least 18 years old. Patients who received conservative treatment after admission or had high-risk diseases or special circumstances (use of anticoagulants before surgery) were excluded from the study. The study outcomes were the total complication rate and related factors. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify related factors, and odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess the impact of COVID-19 infection on complications. RESULTS: In the analysis, a total of 847 patients who underwent surgery were included, with 275 of these patients testing positive for COVID-19 and 572 testing negative. The COVID-19-positive group had a significantly higher rate of total complications (11.27%) than the control group (4.90%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for relevant factors, the OR was 3.08 (95% CI: 1.45-6.53). Patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 at 3-4 weeks (OR = 0.20 (95% CI: 0.06-0.59), p = 0.005), 5-6 weeks (OR = 0.16 (95% CI: 0.04-0.59), p = 0.010), or ≥7 weeks (OR = 0.26 (95% CI: 0.06-1.02), p = 0.069) prior to surgery had a lower risk of complications than those who were diagnosed at 0-2 weeks prior to surgery. Seven factors (age, indications for surgery, time of operation, time of COVID-19 diagnosis prior to surgery, C-reactive protein levels, alanine transaminase levels, and aspartate aminotransferase levels) were found to be associated with complications; thus, these factors were used to create a nomogram. CONCLUSION Omicron continues to be a significant factor in the incidence of postoperative complications among patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. By identifying the factors associated with these complications, we can determine the optimal surgical timing, provide more accurate prognostic information, and offer appropriate consultation for orthopedic surgery patients who have been infected with Omicron.
Humans ; COVID-19/complications* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology* ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Orthopedic Procedures/adverse effects* ; Aged ; Nomograms ; Adult ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) is one of the most commonly occurring pathogens associated with genital tract infections in infertile males, but the impact of seminal UU infection in semen on intrauterine insemination (IUI) outcomes is poorly understood. We collected data from 245 infertile couples who underwent IUI at The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Hefei, China) between January 2021 and January 2023. The subjects were classified into two groups according to their UU infection status: the UU-positive group and the UU-negative group. We compared semen parameters, pregnancy outcomes, and neonatal birth outcomes to investigate the impact of UU infection on IUI outcomes. There were no significantly statistical differences in various semen parameters, including semen volume, sperm concentration, total and progressive motility, sperm morphology, leukocyte count, the presence of anti-sperm antibody, and sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI), between the UU-positive and UU-negative groups of male infertile patients (all P > 0.05). However, the high DNA stainability (HDS) status of sperm differed between the UU-positive and UU-negative groups, suggesting that seminal UU infection may affect sperm nuclear maturation ( P = 0.04). Additionally, there were no significant differences in pregnancy or neonatal birth outcomes between the two groups (all P > 0.05). These results suggest that IUI remains a viable and cost-effective option for infertile couples with UU infection who are facing infertility issues.
Humans ; Male ; Ureaplasma Infections/complications* ; Female ; Infertility, Male/therapy* ; Ureaplasma urealyticum/isolation & purification* ; Pregnancy ; Adult ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Semen Analysis ; Insemination, Artificial ; Semen/microbiology* ; China

OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical characteristics of rashes induced by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) in children treated for pertussis and to inform safe medication practices. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 238 children diagnosed with pertussis and treated with TMP-SMZ at Wuhu First People's Hospital from January to August 2024. The incidence and clinical features of rashes were summarized. RESULTS: Of 238 children, 34 (14.3%) developed rashes; 19 (55.9%) were boys, and the 5 to <10-year age group accounted for the highest proportion (70.6%, 24/34). A history of allergic disease was present in 50.0% (17/34). Rashes typically appeared on or after day 7 of therapy (82%, 28/34) and were predominantly erythematous or maculopapular eruptions (97%, 33/34); 71% (24/34) were pruritic. Fever occurred in 56% (19/34); among those who were tested for respiratory viruses, 77% (10/13) were positive for viruses such as rhinovirus and adenovirus. After discontinuation of TMP-SMZ, rashes resolved within 3 days in 97% (33/34) of patients (41% within 1 day; 56% within more than 1 but within 3 days). There was no significant difference in rash incidence between photoprotection and non-photoprotection groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS TMP-SMZ for pertussis can induce rashes, particularly in children aged 5 to <10 years. The eruption is usually a pruritic erythematous or maculopapular rash, with over half of cases accompanied by fever and frequent concomitant viral infections. Most rashes resolve within 3 days after drug withdrawal. The potential association between the rash and sun exposure warrants further investigation.
Humans ; Male ; Child, Preschool ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/therapeutic use* ; Child ; Female ; Exanthema/chemically induced* ; Retrospective Studies ; Infant ; Whooping Cough/drug therapy* ; Adolescent

This study aims to establish a convenient,new and visual detection method for the field diagnosis of Pasteurella multocida(Pm).With reference to the Pm kmt1 gene conserved sequence published in GenBank,PCR amplification primers were designed,the amplified kmt1 gene was cloned into pMD19-T vector,and the recombinant plasmid standard pMD19-T-kmt 1 was estab-lished and identified by PCR and sequencing.Using pMD1 9-T-kmt 1 plasmid as template and kmt1 gene as target gene,basic primers were designed and synthesized.According to the requirements of LFD,a probe(Pm-P)was designed,and the RPA-LFD method for Pm detection was established by optimizing the reaction conditions.Specificity and sensitivity tests were carried out,and 64 clini-cal samples were tested by the method.The results showed that the established Pm RPA-LFD method could be amplified at 37 ℃ for 15 min.Escherichia coli(E.coli),Salmonella enteriditis(SE),Riemerella anatipestifer(RA),Staphylococcus,goose parvovirus(GPV),duck plague virus(DPV),Muscovy duck parvovirus(MDPV)DNA was extracted as the template,and plasmid standard pMD19-T-kmt 1 was used as the positive control.All the positive controls were negative,indicating that the method had good specificity.The plasmid standard pMD1 9-T-kmt 1 was diluted with a 10-fold ratio,and the plasmid standard with a concentration of 107-100 copies/μL was used as the template.The sensitivity was 1.50×101 copies/μ,,which was 100 times higher than that of PCR.A total of 64 clinical samples with suspected RA were subjected to testing using PCR,RPA and LAMP-LFD,with a 100％compliance rate for all three detection tests.The results show that the established RPA-LFD method has the characteristics of strong specificity,high sensitivity,fast speed and visualization,and can be applied to the field detection of Pm.

Purpose To investigate the role of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine(SPARC)expression in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of mesothelioma.Methods Immunohistochemical EnVision two-step method was used to detect SPARC expression in 40 cases of mesothelioma,4 cases of well-differentiated mesothelial tumour(WDPMT),40 cases of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the lung,40 cases of poorly differentiated ad-enocarcinoma of the lung,20 cases each of low-grade and high-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary.The sensitivity and specificity of SPARC,Calretinin,D2-40,and WT-1 expression in mesothelioma were compared and analyzed.Results SPARC showed diffuse strong positive expression in mesothelioma(37/40 cases),medium positive expression in WDPMT(3/4 cases),and focal weak positive expression in a few cases of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcino-ma of the lung(1/40 cases),poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung(2/40 cases),low-grade serous carci-noma of the ovary(0/20 cases),and high-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary(1/20 cases).In 40 mesotheliomas,the sensitivity of SPARC was 92.5％,and the specificity of SPARC in control tumors(squamous carcinoma of the lung,adenocarcinoma of the lung,and serous carcinoma of the ovary)was 96.7％.Conclusion SPARC is widely expressed in mesotheliomas,with a sensitivity similar to that of Calretinin,D2-40,and WT-1,but with a much higher specificity than other mesothelial markers.It is of great significance in distinguishing between mesothelioma and pulmo-nary poorly differentiated carcinoma and ovarian serous carcinoma.

Objective To evaluate the effects of transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)on left ventricular reverse remodeling(LVRR)and outcomes in patients with mixed aortic valve disease(MAVD)and predominant aortic stenosis(AS).Methods Patients undergoing TAVR at our center between January 2020 and December 2022 were enrolled consecutively.Propensity score matching(PSM)(1∶1 ratio)was used to reduce selection bias.Transthoracic echocardiography(TTE)was used to monitor left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and other structural parameters over time.The study outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death and rehospitalization due to cardiovascular causes.Linear mixed-effects models and logistic regression were utilized for comparing echocardiographic changes across groups and identifying independent risk factors for no-LVRR,respectively.Results After PSM,126 patients were included.MAVD group exhibited larger structural parameters(left ventricular end-systolic/end-diastolic diameter and volume,left ventricular mass index)and a lower left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)(all P＜0.05).However,more pronounced improvements in left ventricular structure and hemodynamics were observed during follow-up.Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the left ventricular mass index(LVMI)was an independent predictor of left ventricular reverse remodeling(LVRR)after TAVR,whereas persistent moderate or greater mitral regurgitation(MR)and paravalvular leak(PVL)significantly reduced the incidence of LVRR.During a median follow-up period of 23 months,a total of 31 endpoint events occurred,and there was no statistically significant difference in long-term prognosis between the two groups(Log-rank P=0.330).Conclusions Compared to patients in the AS group,those in the MAVD group exhibited more severe left ventricular remodeling before TAVR.However,more significant LVRR was observed during postoperative follow-up.Additionally,the long-term prognosis was comparable between the two groups.

This study was aimed at establishing a method of ultra-fast quantitative PCR for Brucella detection.We used an exogenous recombinant plasmid as the internal reference and targeted the T4SS secretion system,an important Brucella viru-lence factor,to design specific primers and probes.The sensitivity,specificity,and repeatability of this method were evaluated,and a standard curve was constructed.The coincidence rate of detection findings with this method versus quantitative PCR was determined.This method markedly decreased the detection time to only 10 minutes.The standard curve demonstrated a good linear relationship(Y=-3.410 7x+38.357,R2=0.998 5)with a low minimum detection limit of 10 copies/μL.The method exhibited good specificity and did not specifically amplify several common clinical bacteria other than Brucella.The de-tection of three concentrations of positive plasmids yielded coefficients of variation(CVs)of 0.20％to 0.91％,thus demonstra-ting the method's excellent repeatability.Furthermore,140 clinical samples were analyzed concurrently with the fluorescence PCR method,which yielded a 100％compliance rate and consistent results.Our findings indicated that the Brucella ultra-fast quantitative PCR was ultrafast;had high sensitivity,high specificity,and good specificity;and can be used for the clinical de-tection of Brucella and emergency investigation of epidemics.Therefore,this method is valuable for the early diagnosis of Bru-cella.