ObjectiveTo construct an animal model of respiratory syncytial virus（RSV）-infected pneumonia suitable for preclinical studies. MethodsThe virulence of RSV to the four cell lines was observed by cytopathic effect （CPE）， and 50% tissue culture infective dose（TCID₅₀） was calculated. Twenty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a normal group and a model group. Six BALB/c-hIGF1R mice served as the humanized IGF1R model group. Except for the normal group， the other groups received intranasal RSV infection on days 1 and 3 to establish a viral pneumonia model. The efficacy of establishing an RSV-induced pneumonia animal model based on humanized insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor （IGF1R） mice was evaluated by measuring organ indices， peripheral blood lymphocyte percentages， pulmonary pathology and imaging， and pulmonary viral load. Additionally， ten BALB/c mice served as normal group， and thirty-two BALB/c-hIGF1R mice were randomly assigned to humanized IGF1R model group， ribavirin group （82.5 mg·kg^-¹·d^-¹）， and high and low dose groups of Lianhua Qingwen （3.3 mg·kg^-¹·d^-¹ ， 1.65 mg·kg^-¹·d^-¹）， with 8 mice per group. The viral load in lung tissue was measured after ribavirin and Lianhua Qingwen intervention， and the model was applied to the evaluation of anti-RSV drugs. ResultsIn the lungs of the humanized IGF1R model group， large solid and diffuse ground-glass shadows were seen， and the lung volume was significantly increased （P<0.01）. The lung index was significantly increased （P<0.01）， and both the spleen index and thymus index were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The percentages of CD3⁺ and CD4⁺T cells were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and there was a large amount of inflammation and stasis in the perivascular area of the lung tissue， which was predominantly characterized by lymphocytes. The endothelium of blood vessels was partially detached， with a small number of eosinophils. After infecting BALB/c-hIGF1R mice with RSV， the expression of viral nucleic acids in the lung tissue of the mice was significantly increased， with significant differences compared with the normal group （P<0.01）. The expression of viral nucleic acids in the ribavirin group and the high and low dose groups of Lianhua Qingwen was significantly reduced， with significant differences compared with the normal group （P<0.01）. ConclusionHumanized IGF1R mice are more susceptible to respiratory SVC， and the animal model of RSV-infected pneumonia based on humanized IGF1R mice was successfully constructed， which is suitable for the evaluation of anti-RSV drugs.

ObjectiveTo construct an animal model of respiratory syncytial virus（RSV）-infected pneumonia suitable for preclinical studies. MethodsThe virulence of RSV to the four cell lines was observed by cytopathic effect （CPE）， and 50% tissue culture infective dose（TCID₅₀） was calculated. Twenty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a normal group and a model group. Six BALB/c-hIGF1R mice served as the humanized IGF1R model group. Except for the normal group， the other groups received intranasal RSV infection on days 1 and 3 to establish a viral pneumonia model. The efficacy of establishing an RSV-induced pneumonia animal model based on humanized insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor （IGF1R） mice was evaluated by measuring organ indices， peripheral blood lymphocyte percentages， pulmonary pathology and imaging， and pulmonary viral load. Additionally， ten BALB/c mice served as normal group， and thirty-two BALB/c-hIGF1R mice were randomly assigned to humanized IGF1R model group， ribavirin group （82.5 mg·kg^-¹·d^-¹）， and high and low dose groups of Lianhua Qingwen （3.3 mg·kg^-¹·d^-¹ ， 1.65 mg·kg^-¹·d^-¹）， with 8 mice per group. The viral load in lung tissue was measured after ribavirin and Lianhua Qingwen intervention， and the model was applied to the evaluation of anti-RSV drugs. ResultsIn the lungs of the humanized IGF1R model group， large solid and diffuse ground-glass shadows were seen， and the lung volume was significantly increased （P<0.01）. The lung index was significantly increased （P<0.01）， and both the spleen index and thymus index were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The percentages of CD3⁺ and CD4⁺T cells were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and there was a large amount of inflammation and stasis in the perivascular area of the lung tissue， which was predominantly characterized by lymphocytes. The endothelium of blood vessels was partially detached， with a small number of eosinophils. After infecting BALB/c-hIGF1R mice with RSV， the expression of viral nucleic acids in the lung tissue of the mice was significantly increased， with significant differences compared with the normal group （P<0.01）. The expression of viral nucleic acids in the ribavirin group and the high and low dose groups of Lianhua Qingwen was significantly reduced， with significant differences compared with the normal group （P<0.01）. ConclusionHumanized IGF1R mice are more susceptible to respiratory SVC， and the animal model of RSV-infected pneumonia based on humanized IGF1R mice was successfully constructed， which is suitable for the evaluation of anti-RSV drugs.

This study employed the "disease-medicine-dose" pattern to mine the medication rules of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) prescriptions containing Astragali Radix in ancient Chinese medical books, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of Astragali Radix and the development of new medicines. The TCM prescriptions containing Astragali Radix were retrieved from databases such as Chinese Medical Dictionary and imported into Excel 2020 to construct the prescription library. Statical analysis were performed for the prescriptions regarding the indications, syndromes, medicine use frequency, herb effects, nature and taste, meridian tropism, dosage forms, and dose. SPSS statistics 26.0 and IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 were used for association rules analysis and cluster analysis. A total of 2 297 prescriptions containing Astragali Radix were collected, involving 233 indications, among which sore and ulcer, consumptive disease, sweating disorder, and apoplexy had high frequency(>25), and their syndromes were mainly Qi and blood deficiency, Qi and blood deficiency, Yin and Yang deficiency, and Qi deficiency and collateral obstruction, respectively. In the prescriptions, 98 medicines were used with the frequency >25 and they mainly included Qi-tonifying medicines and blood-tonifying medicines. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium were frequently used. The medicines with high frequency mainly have warm or cold nature, and sweet, pungent, or bitter taste, with tropism to spleen, lung, heart, liver, and kidney meridians. In the treatment of sore and ulcer, Astragali Radix was mainly used with the dose of 3.73 g and combined with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma to promote granulation and heal up sores. In the treatment of consumptive disease, Astragali Radix was mainly used with the dose of 37.30 g and combined with Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma to tonify deficiency and replenish Qi. In the treatment of sweating disorder, Astragali Radix was mainly used with the dose of 3.73 g and combined with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma to consolidate exterior and stop sweating. In the treatment of apoplexy, Astragali Radix was mainly used with the dose of 7.46 g and combined with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma to dispell wind and stop convulsions. Astragali Radix can be used in the treatment of multiple system diseases, with the effects of tonifying Qi and ascending Yang, consolidating exterior and stopping sweating, and expressing toxin and promoting granulation. According to the manifestations of different diseases, when combined with other medicines, Astragali Radix was endowed with the effects of promoting granulation and healing up sores, tonifying deficiency and Qi, consolidating exterior and stopping sweating, and dispelling wind and replenishing Qi. The findings provide a theoretical reference and a scientific basis for the clinical application of Astragali Radix and the development of new medicines.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/history* ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/history* ; History, Ancient ; Astragalus Plant/chemistry* ; China ; Astragalus propinquus

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the readmission rate and risk factors for readmission due to hyperbilirubinemia in neonates with ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO-HDN), and to construct a risk prediction model for readmission. METHODS: Neonates diagnosed with hyperbilirubinemia due to ABO-HDN and hospitalized in the neonatal department between January 2021 and December 2023 were enrolled. Based on readmission status, neonates were divided into a readmission group and a control group. Clinical characteristics related to hyperbilirubinemia and risk factors for readmission were analyzed. Subsequently, a prediction model for readmission was constructed, and its predictive performance was evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 483 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia due to ABO-HDN were included. The readmission rate was 13.0% (63 cases). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that earlier age at phototherapy initiation, longer duration of phototherapy, occurrence of rebound hyperbilirubinemia, and higher levels of serum total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin at discharge were independent risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia readmission in ABO-HDN neonates (OR=2.373, 4.840, 6.475, 5.033, 1.336 respectively; P<0.05). A risk prediction model for ABO-HDN hyperbilirubinemia readmission was constructed based on these 5 risk factors. Model evaluation demonstrated good predictive performance. CONCLUSIONS Age at phototherapy initiation, duration of phototherapy, occurrence of rebound hyperbilirubinemia, and serum total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin levels at discharge are significant influencing factors for readmission due to hyperbilirubinemia in neonates with ABO-HDN. Close monitoring during discharge planning and follow-up management for such neonates is crucial to reduce readmission rates.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; ABO Blood-Group System ; Risk Factors ; Patient Readmission ; Male ; Female ; Logistic Models ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal/therapy* ; Erythroblastosis, Fetal ; Bilirubin/blood*

Radiopharmaceuticals operate by combining radionuclides with carriers. The radiation energy emitted by radionuclides is utilized to selectively irradiate diseased tissues while minimizing damage to healthy tissues. In comparison to external beam radiation therapy, radionuclide drugs demonstrate research potential due to their biological targeting capabilities and reduced normal tissue toxicity. This article reviews the applications and research progress of radiopharmaceuticals in cancer treatment. Several key radionuclides are examined, including ²²³Ra, ⁹⁰Y, Lutetium-177 (¹⁷⁷Lu), ²¹²Pb, and Actinium-225 (²²⁵Ac). It also explores the current development trends of radiopharmaceuticals, encompassing the introduction of novel radionuclides, advancements in imaging technologies, integrated diagnosis and treatment approaches, and equipment-medication combinations. We review the progress in the development of new treatments, such as neutron capture therapy, proton therapy, and heavy ion therapy. Furthermore, we examine the challenges and breakthroughs associated with the clinical translation of radiopharmaceuticals and provide recommendations for the research and development of novel radionuclide drugs.
Humans ; Radiopharmaceuticals/therapeutic use* ; Neoplasms/radiotherapy* ; Radioisotopes/therapeutic use* ; Animals

Objective To investigate the effect of Yantiao Fang on apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in mice with acute gastrointestinal injury caused by sepsis by regulating the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway.Methods Seventy BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal,sham,and model groups.Except for normal and sham groups,mice were subjected to cecal ligation and perforation to establish a mouse model of acute gastrointestinal injury caused by sepsis.The mouse models were randomly divided into model,Low,Medium,and High dose of Yantiao Fang,and ROCK inhibitor groups.Histopathological changes of the ileum were observed by HE staining.Serum levels of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-10 were measured by ELISA.PCNA and Ki-67 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry.Cleaved caspase3 and Bax expression was detected by Western blot.ROCK and MLC mRNA expression in the ileum was measured by RT-qPCR.Results Compared with normal and sham groups,Chiu's pathological score,proinflammatory factor(IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α)levels,cleaved caspase3 and Bax protein expression,and ROCK and MLC mRNA levels were increased in the model group(P＜0.05).Moreover,anti-inflammatory mediator IL-10 and expression of PCNA and Ki-67 in the ileum were decreased in the model group(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,histopathological changes of the ileum in all Yantiao Fang groups were improved by various degrees with the increase in dose.Chiu's pathological score,IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α serum levels,cleaved caspase3 and Bax protein expression,and ROCK and MLC mRNA levels were decreased in Yantian Fang groups(P＜0.05).The IL-10 level and expression of PCNA and Ki-67 in the ileum were increased in Yantian Fang groups(P＜0.05).Conclusions Yantiao Fang may inhibit apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in mice with acute gastrointestinal injury due to sepsis by regulating the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway,thereby alleviating intestinal tissue inflammation and ultimately preventing intestinal mucosal tissue injury.

Objective:To explore the clinical application value of pre-breathing mode in double-low imaging of 320-slices computed tomography(CT)for pulmonary artery.Methods:A total of 100 patients who underwent CT pulmonary angiography(CTPA)for suspected pulmonary embolism(PE)in Liuzhou People's Hospital from July 2021 to September 2022 were prospectively selected as the research subjects and they were randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 50 cases in each group.The patients of the control group adopted conventional breathing mode(the breathing password was activated after reaching the threshold,and the scan was triggered after 6 s),while the patients of the observation group adopted the pre-breathing mode(the breathing password was activated after 1 or 2 seconds,and the scan was triggered after reaching the threshold).Both two groups adopted double low-technique scan of 320 slices CT.The differences in delay time,radiation dose,the points of subjective and objective image quality,and other indicators were compared between the two groups.Results:The volume CT dose index(CTDIvol),dose length product(DLP),effective dose(ED)and delay time of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group(t=76.230,30.225,12.282,7.088,P<0.05),respectively.The comparison of the subjective points of image qualities between the two groups indicated that there were 25 cases with 5 points,23 cases with 4 points and 2 cases with 3 points in the observation group,and there were 21 cases with 5 points,26 cases with 4 points and 3 cases with 3 points in the control group.There was no significant difference in the averagely subjective points of image qualities between two groups(P>0.05).The signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and signal to noise ratio(CNR)of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group,and the noise level(SD)of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(t=25.441,23.886、11.426,P<0.05),respectively.The CT values of the artery trunk of right pulmonary,artery branch of right pulmonary,artery trunk of left pulmonary and artery branch of left pulmonary in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(t=2.256,2.225,2.042,2.277,P<0.05),respectively.Conclusion:The pre-breathing mode can effectively improve CTPA image quality,and reduce radiation dose and the dosage of contrast agent,which clinical application effect is significant.It is worth learning.

Objective:To study the feasibility of domestic flow diverter(TFD) for the treatment of unruptured internal carotid artery small- and medium-sized wide-neck aneurysms.Methods:This is a retrospective case series study.The study retrospectively evaluated consecutive 54 patients with unruptured intracranial small- and medium-sized wide-neck aneurysms treated with TFD in the Department of Cerebrovascular Disease,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between October 2019 and January 2024. There were 11 males and 43 females, and the age of patients was (54.9±9.6) years (range:36 to 74 years). There were 63 aneurysms in 54 patients,6 of which were tandem multiple small aneurysms. One case had saccular aneurysms of bilateral internal carotid artery. The maximum diameter of aneurysm was (4.1±0.8) mm (range: 1.5 to 10.0 mm).The ratio of the maximum diameter of the aneurysm to the neck width diameter was 1.3±0.4 (range:0.4 to 2.4). The surgical and follow-up data were collected. The aneurysm embolization rate at the immediate operation and follow-up,and the complications were analyzed. The degree of aneurysm embolization was evaluated using the O′Kelly-Marotta (OKM) grading system,with OKM grade D as complete occlusion and grade C and above (C1,C2,C3 and D) as successful occlusion. Clinical outcomes of all patients were evaluated by modified Rankin scale(mRS).Results:For 63 aneurysms, 48 aneurysms were treated with TFD alone,and 15 aneurysms were treated with a combination of TFD and coiling. The immediate postoperative successful occlusion rate was 14.3% (9/63) and the complete occlusion rate was 3.2% (2/63). Follow-up results were obtained for all of the patients. The follow-up time ( M(IQR)) was 124 (182) days (range: 85 to 754 days). The time to aneurysm successful occlusion was 140.5 (151.5) days (range: 85 to 308 days). At final follow-up,the successful aneurysm occlusion rate was 68.3% (43/63) and the complete occlusion rate was 58.7% (37/63). The complete occlusion rate of the TFD group was 50.0% (24/48) and the TFD+coiling group was 13/15. All patients had no aneurysm rupture,ischemic complications and no recurrence of the aneurysm needed to retreatment during the intraoperative and follow-up period. A total of 3 mild haemorrhagic complications which were related to dual-antiplatelet agents. Twelve patients had asymptomatic mild-moderate stent stenosis. TFD covered 66 branch vessels totally. Only 6 branches were affected by the time of the last follow-up and none of the patients had relevant ischaemic symptoms. All of 54 patients were evaluated as mRS score<2 points at the last follow-up. Conclusion:Using TFD to treat internal carotid artery unruptured small and medium-sized wide-neck aneurysms can simplify the surgical procedure with low complication rate, which is a clinically optional treatment approach.

Herein,a new multifunctional hydrogel wound dressing was fabricated for the first time based on the crosslinking between catechol-modified chitosan(CHI-C)and bismuth sulfide-gold nanocluster nanoparticles(Bi2S3-Au NCs NPs)by simple stirring at room temperature within 1 min.Benefit from the good biocompatibility of CHI-C and excellent photothermal abilily of Bi2S3-Au NCs NPs,it could achieve postoperative photothermal therapy of tumor residual tissue and wound healing.More importantly,the as-prepared hydrogel with fluorescent property could accurately monitor the postoperative wound filling in real-time,which was critical to wound healing,especially for irregular wounds.The smart hydrogel was expected to provide a new perspective for preventing and reducing cancer recurrence and wound infection after surgery.

AIM To investigate the effects of stir-frying,processing with butter and carbonizing by stir-frying on oil components in Gleditsiae sinensis Fructus and Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis.METHODS The volatile oils and fatty oils were extracted by steam distillation method and Soxhlet extraction method,respectively,after which the extraction rates were determined.GC-MS was applied to analyzing the kinds and relative contents of oil components,after which cluster analysis was performed.RESULTS After the processing,the two medicinal materials demonstrated increased extraction rates of fatty oils and decreased extraction rates of volatile oils(except for processing with butter),the extraction rates of oil components in Gleditsiae sinensis Fructus were higher than those in Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis,and the reduced relative contents of toxic olefin benzene components were observable.CONCLUSION The kinds and relative contents of oil components in Gleditsiae sinensis Fructus and Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis exist obvious differences,the former displays better medicinal quality,whose processing mechanism in alleviating dryness and strength may contribute to the reduction of relative contents of toxic olefin benzene components.