Bronchiolar adenoma (BA) is a rare type of lung tumor characterized by bilayered epithelial cells having a continuous basal layer and a luminal layer. It resembles mucinous adenocarcinoma (MA) on frozen section, with difficulty in distinguishing the basal layer. Immunohistochemistry is the best choice for verifying the diagnosis. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize three cases of BA-combined carcinoma using clinical, histopathological, and genetic features. BA and carcinoma sections were subjected to next-generation sequencing, respectively. It was hypothesized that while different mutation forms matched different regions, BA and lung adenocarcinoma shared the same gene mutation when they co-occurred in the same location. BA with extensive carcinoma is extremely rare and presents diagnostic challenges due to its overlap with conditions such as MA. Because of its distinctive morphological characteristics, BA may be regarded as a low-grade malignancy, particularly during a confusing evaluation. A multifaceted examination of clinical, radiological, immunohistochemical, and genetic data is necessary for an accurate diagnosis.

AIM:To explore the toxicological mechanisms of benzalkonium chloride(BAC)as a preservative in ophthalmic preparations leading to corneal injury in dry eye.METHODS:Network toxicology was employed to obtain the chemical structure of BAC, its toxic targets, and targets associated with dry eye-related corneal injury from databases including PubChem, CTD, ChEMBL, and STITCH. The protein-protein interaction(PPI)networks were constructed using the STRING database to screen key toxicity targets. Gene ontology(GO)functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses were performed to elucidate the potential biological processes and signaling pathways affected by BAC. Furthermore, molecular docking techniques were employed to validate the binding affinity of BAC to its key targets(IL-6, IL-1β, TNF, and EGF).RESULTS:BAC had a toxicity grade of 4 and exhibited significant eye irritation. A total of 85 common targets of BAC and dry eye corneal damage were screened out, of which 49 were key toxic targets, including TNF, IL-6, TP53, IL-1β, BCL2, etc. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that BAC mainly acted on 7 corneal injury pathways closely associated with corneal injury, such as IL-17, TNF, NF-κB, JAK-STAT, PI3K-Akt, Rap1, and MAPK. The results of molecular docking showed that BAC had stable binding ability to IL-6, IL-1β, TNF, EGF, and other targets(binding energy <0).CONCLUSION:BAC may induce corneal damage in dry eye through multi-target and multi-pathway mechanisms, involving processes such as inflammatory response, apoptosis, disruption of tear film stability, and delayed corneal repair, which suggests that long-term use of ophthalmic preparations containing BAC may aggravate ocular surface damage.

Objective To investigate the status of population dynamics and distribution changes of Aedes aegypti in Guangdong Province.Methods Continuous monitoring was conducted from May 2018 to July 2024 in Wushi Town and Qishui Town,Leizhou City,Zhanjiang City,Guangdong Province.Additionally,a survey of the distribution of Ae.aegypti along the Leizhou Peninsula coast was carried out.Results The density of Ae.aegypti in Zhanjiang showed a gradual decline from 2018 to 2024.The last detection of adult Ae.aegypti in Wushi Town was in September 2021,and the last larva was found in October 2023.No Ae.aegypti was detected in Qishui Town during surveys from 2021 to 2024.A survey of 18 coastal villages in the Leizhou Peninsula revealed no detections of Ae.aegypti.Conclusions This study provides a basis for understanding the distribution and population density fluctuations of Ae.aegypti,assessing its invasion risk,and scientifically conducting relevant prevention and control efforts.

Objective To evaluate the influencing factors of aspiration in neurological critically ill patients by Meta-analysis.Methods PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,CNKI,and Wanfang Data were searched from inception to 1 October,2023,to obtain relevant studies on influencing fac-tors of aspiration in neurological critically ill patients.The literature screening,data extraction and quality evaluation were completed by two researchers.RevMan 5.4 and Stata 13.0 software were ap-plied for pooled Meta-analysisand assessed publication bias,respectively.Results A total of 8 arti-cles,including 1,315 neurocritical care patients,were included in this study.Nine influencing factors related to aspiration were extracted for Meta-analysis.The Meta-analysis results showed that the three influencing factors that caused aspiration in neurocritical care patients were stroke history(OR=5.03,95％CI,2.71 to 9.32,P＜0.000 01),National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score＞10(OR=3.35,95％CI,1.75 to 6.42,P=0.000 3),and gastric residual volume＞150mL(OR=7.13,95％CI,2.55 to 9.96,P=0.001).Conclusion This study provides a scientific basis for clinical healthcare professionals to early identify high-risk patients for aspiration,take targeted inter-vention measures,and prevent the occurrence of aspiration.

Imaging examination is a crucial part in diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system infection(CNSI),involving complex imaging sequences and parameters.This consensus was jointly written by multiple CNSI imaging experts in China,aimed to standardize imaging examination of CNSI.

AIM To screen the material basis for Rhei Radix et Rhizoma on improving human umbilical vein endothelial cell(HUVECs)injury before and after carbonization.METHODS The HPLC fingerprints were established,after which difference analysis was performed by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis.The LPS-induced HUVECs injury model was established,then NO,MDA levels and SOD activity were detected.Gray correlation analysis and partial least squares regression were adopted in the investigation of spectrum-effect relationship,and active constituents were screened.RESULTS There were 22 and 20 common peaks in the fingerprints for 17 batches of raw products and carbonized products,respectively,along with the similarities of more than 0.8.Twelve main difference components were observable,among which gallic acid,5-hydroxymethylfurfural,catechin,aloe rhodopsin-8-O-β-D-glucoside,rhubarbic acid-8-O-β-D-glucoside and sennosides A were identified.The carbonized products demonstrated stronger effect on improving HUVECs injury than the raw product.The correlations of common peaks were more than 0.5 in the fingerprints for raw products and carbonized products,and peaks 3,5,11,12,15,19,23 exhibited significant effects on their efficacy(VIP values＞1).CONCLUSION This accurate,reliable and reproducible method can provide a basis for clarifying the material basis for hemostatic efficacy of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and its carbonized product.

Objective To explore the differences in postoperative recovery between laparoscopic assisted distal gastrectomy(LADG)and total laparoscopic distal gastrectomy(TLDG)for gastric cancer.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 99 patients who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer from May 2019 to April 2024.According to patient preference,49 patients underwent TLDG and 50 patients underwent LADG.The two groups were compared regarding operation duration,intraoperative blood loss,lymph node dissection and metastasis,frequency of postoperative analgesic use,time to gas exhaustion,time to ambulation,postoperative hospital stay,self-care ability score(Barthel Index),total protein,albumin,and white blood cell count,as well as postoperative complications including anastomotic leakage,anastomotic obstruction,gastroparesis,chylous leakage,abdominal infection,incision infection,respiratory system infection and so on.Results Compared with LADG,TLDG resulted in fewer frequency of postoperative analgesic use(median,0 vs.4 times,Z=-5.810,P<0.001)and higher self-care ability scores(median,50.0 points vs.40.0 points,Z=-3.232,P=0.001)after surgery.There were no significant differences in operation duration,intraoperative blood loss,number of lymph nodes obtained,lymph node metastasis,time to gas exhaustion,time to ambulation,postoperative hospital stay,postoperative complications,postoperative total protein,albumin,and white blood cell count between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion LADG and TLDG are comparable in surgical efficiency and safety,but TLDG results in less postoperative pain and better self-care ability after surgery,potentially offering advantages in postoperative recovery.

AIM To invesigate the quantitative transmitting rules of benchmark samples of Ganjiang Lingzhu Decoction.METHODS HPLC fingerprints were established,after which principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were performed.The contents of 6-gingerol,liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid were determined,after which their transfer rates and dry paste rate were calculated.RESULTS There were 22 common peaks in the fingerprints for 15 batches of benchmark samples with the similarities of more than 0.9.Various batches of benchmark samples were clustered into 3 categories,4 principal components demonstrated the accumulative variance contribution rate of 92.676％,and liquiritin made a great contribution to grouping.In various batches of medicinal materials-decoction pieces,decoction pieces-standard decoctions and standard decoctions-benchmark samples,the transfer rates of 6-gingerol were 84.72％-100.00％,14.29％-24.14％,88.60％-99.36％,those of liquiritin were 74.38％-100.00％,38.54％-64.20％,96.91％-100.30％,and those of glycyrrhizic acid were 68.28％-103.27％,28.48％-49.79％,92.93％-100.49％,the dry paste rate was 13.75％-16.41％.CONCLUSION The preparation process for benchmark samples of Ganjiang Lingzhu Decoction is stable,6-gingerol,liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid can be taken as their quality markers.Fingerprint combined with content determination can provides a reference for the quality control of Ganjiang Lingzhu Decoction and their related preparations.

Foodborne illnesses caused by Salmonella pose significant threats to worldwide public health safety.In this study,a rapid method for screening viable Salmonella in oyster sauce and milk was developed by utilizing an electronic microbial growth analyzer(EMGA).Target food samples were diluted 10-fold with RVS broth and loaded into test tubes.Test tubes were positioned in the EMGA to determine the bacterial growth curves and the time required to reach the maximum growth rate(Tmgr).Using Salmonella typhimurium(S.typhimurium)asan model species,there was linear relationship between the logarithmic value of viable bacterial concentration(lgC)and Tmgr over the range of 5×101-5×106 CFU/mL,with a detection limit of 10 CFU/mL.For oyster sauce,the regression equation was Tmgr(min)=-80.775lg[C/(CFU/mL)]+754.96(R2=0.9907),and the recovery rates of S.typhimurium ranged from 95.2%to 119.8%,with relative standard deviations(RSD)ranging from 3.5%to 16.3%.For milk,the regression equation was Tmgr(min)=-71.922 lg[C/(CFU/mL)]+618.65(R2=0.9985),with recovery rates ranging from 98.4%to 110.6%and RSD ranging from 6.4%to 12.8%.The EMGA method required only one portable instrument,and involving only three manual steps,i.e.,dilution,transfer,and insertion.When S.typhimurium contamination reached 106 CFU/mL,the total time consumption,from the unwrapping of samples to the readout of bacterial concentration,was no more than 7 h.When applied to detection of actual oyster sauce and milk samples,the new method demonstrated strong consistency with plate counting results in positive detection rates.This method was superior to the plate counting method,which was generally considered as a gold standard,in terms of accuracy,precision,simplicity and efficiency,representing a promising alternative for the on-site screening and quantification of viable Salmonella in oyster sauce and milk products.

Objective To explore the expression and prognostic value of Smad ubiquitination regulator 2(SMURF2)and protein kinase C receptor 1(RACK1)in epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC)tissues.Methods Cancer tissue specimens of 112 patients with EOC(EOC group)admitted to the hospital from January 2019 to Janu-ary 2021,as well as normal ovarian tissue specimens of 60 patients with other ovarian diseases(control group)who underwent ovarian surgery in the same hospital during the same period were selected.The expressions of SMURF2 and RACK1 in EOC cancer tissues and normal ovarian tissues were detected by real-time fluores-cence quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the rela-tionship between the expressions of SMURF2 mRNA and RACK1 mRNA in EOC cancer tissues.The Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Log-rank test were used to analyze the differences in survival prognosis among pa-tients with different expressions of SMURF2 and RACK1.Multivariate COX regression analysis was conduc-ted to analyze the influencing factors of survival prognosis in EOC.Results The expression level of SMURF2 mRNA in EOC cancer tissues was lower than that in normal ovarian tissues,and the expression level of RACK1 mRNA was higher than that in normal ovarian tissues,and the differences were statistically signifi-cant(P＜0.05).The expression levels of SMURF2 mRNA and RACK1 mRNA in EOC cancer tissues were negatively correlated(r=-0.764,P＜0.001).The positive rate of SMURF2 in EOC cancer tissues was lower than that in normal ovarian tissues,and the positive rate of RACK1 was higher than that in normal ovarian tis-sues.The difference was statistically significant(P＜0.001).Compared with the cancer tissues of EOC pa-tients with International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology(FIGO)stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ and no lymph node metastasis,the positive rate of SMURF2 was lower and the positive rate of RACK1 was higher in the cancer tissues of EOC patients with FIGO stage Ⅲ and lymph node metastasis,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The 3-year overall survival rate of EOC patients in the SMURF2 positive group was higher than that in the negative group,and the 3-year overall survival rate of EOC patients in the RACK1 pos-itive group was lower than that in the negative group,and the differences were statistically significant(Log-Rank x2=4.938,5.251;P=0.028,0.018).FIGO stage Ⅲ,lymph node metastasis and positive RACK1 were risk factors affecting the survival prognosis of EOC(P＜0.001),while positive SMURF2 was a protective fac-tor(P＜0.001).Conclusion The expression level of SMURF2 is decreased and the expression level of RACK1 is increased in EOC cancer tissues.Both are related to FIGO stage and lymph node metastasis,and are markers for evaluating the survival prognosis of EOC patients.