Background: High-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is a chromatin-binding protein involved in arthritis, ischemia, sepsis, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative disorders, meningitis, and cancer. HMGB1 exhibits dual roles in cancer, acting as either a tumor suppressor or oncoprotein depending on context. Objective: This research aimed to elucidate HMGB1’s functional significance in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Methods: We overexpressed HMGB1 in cSCC cell lines using recombinant adenovirus and examined its effects on cell proliferation, colony formation, and cell migration. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed elevated HMGB1 expression levels in cSCC tissue relative to normal epidermis. To assess the influence of HMGB1, we employed recombinant adenoviruses expressing HMGB1 to transduce SCC cell lines (SCC12 and SCC13). Enhanced HMGB1 expression significantly promoted cellular proliferation and colony formation capacity.Notably, HMGB1 overexpression elevated the levels of proliferation regulators, including P63, SOX2, CDK4 and CDK6. Furthermore, HMGB1 overexpression substantially enhanced tumor invasiveness, accompanied by upregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers. Mechanistically, overexpression of HMGB1 enhanced transforming growth factor-β signaling by increasing phosphorylation of SMAD2/3, the key mediators of EMT. Conclusion These data imply that HMGB1 acts as a tumor-promoting factor in cSCC.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent and life-threatening clinical syndrome characterised by a rapid decline in renal function and diverse pathological etiologies. The condition has been demonstrated to be associated with elevated mortality rates and an increased risk of progression to chronic kidney disease. At present, clinicians depend heavily on conventional functional markers, such as serum creatinine and urine output, for the diagnosis and staging of the disease. It is evident that these conventional indicators characteristically manifest a considerable temporal delay and only undergo modification subsequent to considerable tissue damage. This severely restricts the timeframe for early detection and timely therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, standard markers fail to provide specific biological information regarding the underlying cellular injury mechanisms. The utilisation of advanced probe technologies in molecular imaging offers a robust alternative to overcome these inherent diagnostic limitations.This comprehensive review systematically evaluates recent progress in the design and application of two primary categories of molecular imaging tools for acute kidney disease, specifically reactive probes and enzyme-activated probes. Reactive probes are engineered to specifically interact with redox-active chemical species, including hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite, hypochlorous acid, and sulfur dioxide. Because oxidative stress constitutes a primary early event in acute renal tubular damage, these probes enable researchers and clinicians to visualize early cellular injury and radical accumulation well before global renal functional decline becomes evident. We discuss the application of these reactive probes across multiple imaging modalities including fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and photoacoustic techniques. Photoacoustic imaging combines high spatial resolution with deep tissue penetration and has successfully demonstrated the ability to provide diagnostic alerts up to 12 h before any detectable rise in serum creatinine levels. Additionally, specific reactive probes have shown promising translational potential when tested by high-throughput screening in clinical human urine samples. Enzyme-activated probes target the specific catalytic activity of disease-relevant enzymes. These include well-documented renal tubular structural biomarkers such as NAG, GGT, and ALP, along with apoptosis-related caspases and specific nitroreductases. By responding only to enzymatic cleavage, these tools provide highly specific and pathology-directed imaging readouts. Recent structural design strategies in this field have advanced significantly beyond single-enzyme detection. Researchers are now focusing on sophisticated dual-target recognition to minimize background noise, multimodal integration to cross-validate imaging signals, and theranostic applications where probes simultaneously deliver diagnostic feedback and therapeutic agents to injured tissues. Nanotechnology serves as a fundamental enabler for realizing these advanced probe functions. By precisely optimizing nanoparticle parameters such as hydrodynamic size, surface charge, and targeting ligands, researchers can achieve amplified signal output, highly precise kidney delivery, and protection against premature degradation in the systemic circulation. For example, modifying surface charges can significantly enhance the active uptake of nanoprobes by damaged renal tubular epithelial cells.While preclinical probe development has progressed rapidly, moving these technologies into routine clinical practice remains a major challenge. We analyze the translational feasibility and current obstacles from biological, technological, and regulatory perspectives. Although biological targets such as KIM-1, FAP, and ALP have been validated in extensive patient cohorts, practical barriers severely limit their immediate clinical application. These obstacles involve complex changes in in vivo pharmacokinetics. During an acute injury episode, the extreme drop in the glomerular filtration rate alters probe clearance and can cause unwanted systemic accumulation or confusing background imaging signals. Other major hurdles include a lack of comprehensive long-term toxicity data and the absence of standardized manufacturing protocols to ensure batch-to-batch consistency. Future successful translation will require rigorous multi-center clinical studies to confirm the true diagnostic value of these probes over traditional markers. Researchers must also establish strict standardization of imaging procedures and comprehensive safety evaluations. Ultimately, this review provides a thorough reference framework for designing clinically translatable molecular probes and building a precision diagnostic imaging system for acute kidney injury.

Aim To study the role and mechanism of ML210 in glioma.Methods The cell viability was detected by CCK8 assay.The percentage of dead cells was detected by SYTOXstaining.The role of ferroptosis-signaling pathway in gliomas was detected bygenomics.Cell proliferation was observed by EdU staining and clone formation assay.Cell migration ability was detec-ted by scratch healing assay.The apoptosis was detec-ted by flow cytometry.Cell mitochondrial function was assesses by JC-1 staining.The mechanism of action of ML210 was detected by molecular docking coupled with immunoblotting assay(Western blot).The levels of ROS,MDA were observed by ELISA.Results Compared with the control group,ML210 treatment dose-dependently decreased glioma cell viability,in-hibited cell proliferation,migration,and increased cell apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction,which were reversed by ferroptosis antagonists.Gene microarray screening showed that 688 genes of the ferroptosissig-naling pathway were aberrant and 10 signaling path-ways were altered in gliomas.Molecular docking re-sults showed that ML210 binding to GPX4 significantly inhibited the protein expression level of GPX4 and pro-moted the elevation of ROS and MDA levels.Conclu-sions ML210 produces anti-glioma cells via GPX4-mediated ferroptosis pathway.

Neuroblastoma(NB),the most common type of extracranial solid tumor in children,is char-acterized by high malignancy and poor prognosis,warranting in-depth investigation.In recent years,mi-croRNAs(miRNAs)have emerged as crucial post-transcriptional regulators playing pivotal roles in tu-morigenesis and progression.Building upon this background,the present study specifically focuses on in-vestigating miR-3910's biological functions and underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms in the NB SH-SY5Y cell line.Through bioinformatics analysis and transcriptome sequencing,we identified potential key target molecules of miR-3910,thereby providing genetic targets for the precise diagnosis and effective treatment of NB.In this study,qRT-PCR was employed to measure miR-3910 expression levels in SH-SY5Y cells transfected with mimic negative control and miR-3910 mimic.Compared to the nc group,miR-3910 expression was significantly upregulated in the mimic group(P＜0.01).The CCK-8 assay and scratch wound healing assay were used to quantitatively assess the impact of miR-3910 on cell prolif-eration and migration.Results showed that cell proliferation significantly increased at 48 h(P＜0.05),and migration ability was markedly enhanced at 48 h(P＜0.01).Flow cytometry was applied to deter-mine the effect of miR-3910 on cell cycle progression,revealing accelerated cell cycle progression,a re-duced proportion of G0/G,phase cells(P＜0.01),and a significant increase in S-phase cells(P＜0.05).Integrated bioinformatics analysis and high-throughput transcriptome sequencing predicted key molecular changes in SH-SY5Y cells following miR-3910 overexpression.Transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis identified six NB-related genes:EIF3CL(EIF3C),RNF103-CHMP3(VPS24),SULT1A4(SULT1A4),CORO7-PAM16(CORO7),H4C12(Histone H4),and TBC1D3(TBC1D3A/B/C)(aliases sourced from the GeneCards database).qRT-PCR and Western blotting(WB)results are consistency with sequencing results(P＜0.01).In conclusion,miR-3910 overexpression significantly promotes SH-SY5Y cell proliferation,migration,and cell cycle progression,while uncovering a series of potential key target molecules.These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of NB and offer a theoretical foundation and potential intervention targets for molecular-targeted therapy in NB.

Objective To develop a multifunctional vision examination device for confined cabin environments to meet the requirements for detecting and collecting visual function parameters in military training and scientific research.Methods A multifunctional vision examination device was designed with a segmented mode and composed of an exmaination terminal and a control terminal.The examination terminal was composed of a sealed box,a high-definition display,an isolation baffle and a rubber eye mask.The sealed box had a fully closed structure,and the space design in the box was carried out in the form of integrating sphere;the high-definition display had a floating structure not rigidly connected with the surrounding components,and adopted a non-standard screen as the main display;the edges of the isolation baffle were sealed,and a spring washer for mechanical positioning was placed between the baffle and the sealed box.The control terminal software was programmed with C language,and there were several funcational modules involved in the software part for basic information management,function testing and summary report.Results Trials in the low-pressure chamber showed the device developed could be used for testing near vision,stereoscopic vision,contrast sensitivity,rapid dark adaptation and dark vision under the simulated altitude of 5 000 m when the examinee wore an oxygen mask,with remote operation enabled during the testing.Conclusion The multifunctional vision examination device gains advantages in light weight,high portability and compatibility with confined cabin environments,and meets the requirements for visual function testing in military training and scientific research.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(5):21-26]

This study investigated the potential pathogenicity and genetic characteristics of ST314 Salmonella Kentucky(S.Ken-tucky)isolates from a broiler slaughterhouse.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing(WGS)were used to determine antimicrobial resistance,virulence factors,and the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes(ARGs)and mobile genetic elements(MGEs)among the isolates.The three multidrug resistant(MDR)isolates exhibited high resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents.The F4-2S strain exhibited resistance to 14 drugs across seven categories,whereas the F4T strain showed resistance to 13 drugs in the same number of categories.In contrast,the Y23 strain was resistant to nine drugs in six categories.Notably,F4-2S dem-onstrated high homology with F4T:both possessed 13 ARGs distributed across nine categories,in addition to a wide range of virulence factors,including secretion systems and effector proteins.The presence of IncR and IncX1 plasmids significantly enhanced both the antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity of the isolates.The genome map of Y23 revealed a chromosome alongside two plasmids.The chromosome containedonly one resistance gene but several virulence factors,including the type III secretion system(T3SS),which is crucial for bacterial invasion.The plasmid pY23-1 contained eight types of 19 ARGs.Comparative analysis indicated that pY23-1 ex-hibited high homology with pZ1323SSL0055 and pSAL-045,all of which contained multiple ARGs,thus suggesting critical roles of these genes in the evolution of bacterial resistance.In conclusion,ST314 S.Kentucky demonstrated a complex mechanism of resis-tance coupled with significant pathogenic potential.The ARGs and MGEs in the plasmid contributed to the emergence and dissemina-tion of antimicrobial resistance.The multiple virulence factors present in the chromosome may be key factors driving the increasing virulence of ST314 S.Kentucky.

This study explored the effects and underlying mechanism of Raf kinase inhibitory protein(RKIP)on apoptosis in mast cells sensitized by Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid.Bone marrow-derived mast cells(BMMCs)were isolated and cultured from RKIP knockout(KO)and wild-type(WT)C57BL/6 mice.Cells were divided into control and sensitized groups.The sensitized group was incubated for 24 h in RPMI1640 medium containing 10%serum from mice infected with E.granulosus,then activated for 3 h or 6 h with E.granulosus cyst fluid.The control group was incubated for 24 h in RPMI1640 medium,and then received an equal vol-ume of PBS.Cells and supernatants were collected for analysis.Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of CD117 and FcεRⅠα on BMMCs.The levels of β-hexosaminidase,IL-4,and TNF-α in the supernatant were quantified with ELISA.Western blot analy-sis was used to assess expression changes in RKIP,apoptosis-related proteins,and pathway proteins in BMMC before and after sensi-tization.Flow cytometry analysis revealed that after 4 weeks of induction,the CD117 and FcεRⅠα double-positivity rates on both WT and KO BMMC exceeded 90%.ELISA indicated that the E.granulosus cyst fluid resulted in significantly greater β-hexosaminidase re-lease(F=16.88,P<0.05),and levels of IL-4(F=16.51,P<0.05)and TNF-α(F=9.78,P<0.05)in the KO sensitized group than the WT sensitized group.With respect to the WT control group,the WT sensitized group showed significantly down-regulated pro-tein expression levels of RKIP(F=8.20,P<0.05)and Bcl-2(F=101.40,P<0.01)after 3 h,but significantly up-regulated levels of p-PI3K(F=8.04,P<0.05),p-Akt(F=32.52,P<0.01),p-P65(F=13.29,P<0.05),and cleaved-caspase-3(F=46.34,P<0.01).With respect to the WT sensitized group,the KO sensitized group showed significantly up-regulated protein expression of p-PI3K(F=8.45,P<0.05),p-Akt(F=8.58,P<0.05),p-P65(F=11.02,P<0.05),and Bcl-2(F=84.50,P<0.001)after 3 h,but significantly down-regulated expression of cleaved-caspase-3(F=15.66,P<0.05).In conclusion,RKIP may inhibit the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway,thereby inducing apoptosis in mast cells sensitized by E.granulosus cyst fluid.This process may help ease aller-gic reactions caused by mast cells in echinococcosis,thus offering a promising new approach for preventing and treating such reactions.

Objective To explore the effect of PSMA gene on the biological behavior of prostate cancer cells and its molecular mechanism.Methods The expression of PSMA in prostate cancer and its relationship with prognosis were analyzed based on the GEPIA database.The mRNA and protein expression levels of PSMA in normal prostate epithelial cell RWPE-2 and prostate cancer cells DU145 and PC-3 were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot,respectively.DU145 cells were used to construct knockdown cell lines,which were transfected with PSMA lentiviral knockdown plasmid and its negative control,serving as the sh PSMA group and the sh NC group,respectively;PC-3 cells were used to construct overexpression cell lines,which were transfected with PSMA lentiviral overexpression plasmid and its negative control,serving as the OE PSMA group and the OE NC group.CCK-8 assay and clone formation assay were used to detect the cell proliferation ability,wound healing assay and Transwell assay were used to detect the cell migration and invasion abilities,flow cytometry was used to detect the cell apoptosis,and Western blot was used to detect the expression of PI3K,Akt,BAX and Bcl-2 proteins.Prostate cancer cells of DU145 cell line were inoculated into the left armpit of BALB/c nude mice to form tumors,the tumor size was observed,and the tumor weight was measured;HE staining was used to evaluate the degree of damage;and the expression of PSMA was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results GEPIA database analysis showed that PSMA gene was highly expressed in prostate cancer and was related to the prognosis of prostate cancer.The results of RT-qPCR and Western blot showed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of PSMA in PC-3 and DU145 cells were higher than those in RWPE-2 cell(P<0.01).Compared with the sh NC group,the sh PSMA group showed decreased cell proliferation,migration and invasion abilities(P<0.05),and increased cell apoptosis rate(P<0.05).Compared with the OE NC group,the OE PSMA group demonstrated increased cell proliferation,migration and invasion abilities(P<0.05),and decreased apoptosis rate(P<0.05).Compared with the sh NC group,the protein expression of PI3K,Akt and Bcl-2 in the sh PSMA group decreased(P<0.05),and the protein expression of BAX increased(P<0.05).Compared with the OE NC group,the protein expression of PI3K,Akt and Bcl-2 in the OE PSMA group increased(P<0.05),and the protein expression of BAX decreased(P<0.05).Results of subcutaneous transplantation of prostate cancer in nude mice showed that the tumor weight of nude mice decreased(P<0.05),tumor cells exhibited irregular shapes,nuclei were deeply stained,and PSMA expression was weakly positive,after knocking down the PSMA.Conclusion PSMA gene may participate in regulating the proliferation,invasion,migration,and apoptosis of prostate cancer cells through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Neuroblastoma(NB),the most common type of extracranial solid tumor in children,is char-acterized by high malignancy and poor prognosis,warranting in-depth investigation.In recent years,mi-croRNAs(miRNAs)have emerged as crucial post-transcriptional regulators playing pivotal roles in tu-morigenesis and progression.Building upon this background,the present study specifically focuses on in-vestigating miR-3910's biological functions and underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms in the NB SH-SY5Y cell line.Through bioinformatics analysis and transcriptome sequencing,we identified potential key target molecules of miR-3910,thereby providing genetic targets for the precise diagnosis and effective treatment of NB.In this study,qRT-PCR was employed to measure miR-3910 expression levels in SH-SY5Y cells transfected with mimic negative control and miR-3910 mimic.Compared to the nc group,miR-3910 expression was significantly upregulated in the mimic group(P＜0.01).The CCK-8 assay and scratch wound healing assay were used to quantitatively assess the impact of miR-3910 on cell prolif-eration and migration.Results showed that cell proliferation significantly increased at 48 h(P＜0.05),and migration ability was markedly enhanced at 48 h(P＜0.01).Flow cytometry was applied to deter-mine the effect of miR-3910 on cell cycle progression,revealing accelerated cell cycle progression,a re-duced proportion of G0/G,phase cells(P＜0.01),and a significant increase in S-phase cells(P＜0.05).Integrated bioinformatics analysis and high-throughput transcriptome sequencing predicted key molecular changes in SH-SY5Y cells following miR-3910 overexpression.Transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis identified six NB-related genes:EIF3CL(EIF3C),RNF103-CHMP3(VPS24),SULT1A4(SULT1A4),CORO7-PAM16(CORO7),H4C12(Histone H4),and TBC1D3(TBC1D3A/B/C)(aliases sourced from the GeneCards database).qRT-PCR and Western blotting(WB)results are consistency with sequencing results(P＜0.01).In conclusion,miR-3910 overexpression significantly promotes SH-SY5Y cell proliferation,migration,and cell cycle progression,while uncovering a series of potential key target molecules.These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of NB and offer a theoretical foundation and potential intervention targets for molecular-targeted therapy in NB.

Objective To develop a multifunctional vision examination device for confined cabin environments to meet the requirements for detecting and collecting visual function parameters in military training and scientific research.Methods A multifunctional vision examination device was designed with a segmented mode and composed of an exmaination terminal and a control terminal.The examination terminal was composed of a sealed box,a high-definition display,an isolation baffle and a rubber eye mask.The sealed box had a fully closed structure,and the space design in the box was carried out in the form of integrating sphere;the high-definition display had a floating structure not rigidly connected with the surrounding components,and adopted a non-standard screen as the main display;the edges of the isolation baffle were sealed,and a spring washer for mechanical positioning was placed between the baffle and the sealed box.The control terminal software was programmed with C language,and there were several funcational modules involved in the software part for basic information management,function testing and summary report.Results Trials in the low-pressure chamber showed the device developed could be used for testing near vision,stereoscopic vision,contrast sensitivity,rapid dark adaptation and dark vision under the simulated altitude of 5 000 m when the examinee wore an oxygen mask,with remote operation enabled during the testing.Conclusion The multifunctional vision examination device gains advantages in light weight,high portability and compatibility with confined cabin environments,and meets the requirements for visual function testing in military training and scientific research.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(5):21-26]