Gynecological cancer significantly affect the health of women.This review aimed to describe the global patterns and trends in the survival of patients with gynecological cancers.We searched PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,SinoMed,and SEER for survival analyses of cancer registration data of cervical,endometrial,and ovarian cancers published between 1980 and 2022.Globally,the highest 5-year observed survival rate for cervical cancer was 76.5%in Anshan,Liaoning,China(2008-2017).The 5-year observed survival rates of endometrial and ovarian cancers were higher in Finland(1995-1999,82.5%)and Singapore(1988-1992,62.0%).The 5-year relative survival rate of cervical cancer patients was higher in Haining,Zhejiang,China(2011-2014,85.8%).Korea ranked first at 89.0%and 64.5%for endometrial and ovarian cancers,respectively.Survival rates have improved for cervical,endometrial,and ovarian cancers.Patients aged≥75 years and those with advanced-stage disease had the worst 5-year survival rates.Survival rates were better for squamous cell carcinoma in cervical cancer,for endometrial carcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma in endometrial cancer,and for germ cell and sex-cord stromal tumors in ovarian cancer.Over the past four decades,the survival rates of gynecological cancers have increased globally,with notable increases in cervical and endometrial cancers.Survival rates are higher in developed countries,with a slow-growing trend.Future studies should focus on improving survival,especially in ovarian cancer patients.

Objective To establish a rapid diagnostic method for radiation dose of nuclear accident casualties and to create a rapid classification and diagnosis program.Methods Two rounds of consultation were carried out by Delphi expert consultation method,and evaluation indexes were screened.The index weight was determined by analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and it was combined with the degree classification of the indexes to establish a rapid classification and diagnosis method for radiation injury of nuclear accident.Results The response rates of two rounds of expert consultation were both greater than 90%,and the authority coefficients were both greater than 0.8.The degree of positivity and authority of experts is high.Fifteen indexes were selected and the index weights were determined.A set of concise and practical methods and procedures were finally constructed for the rapid classification and diagnosis of radiation-induced casualties in nuclear accidents.Conclusion The rapid classification and diagnosis method constructed by Delphi and AHP methods in this study is scientific and feasible,which provides objective and quantifiable basis for the rapid classification and diagnosis of radiation injuries in nuclear accidents.

Animals ; Chloroquine/pharmacology* ; Longevity ; Rats

Aim To study the protective effect of fluoxetine hydrochloride on brain tissues of rats with simulated high altitude cerebral edema(HACE)and its mechanism.Methods The optimal dosage and time of fluoxetine hydrochloride were determined by the hypoxia tolerance test of mice under normal pressure.The rat model of brain edema at high altitude was established by large-scale low-pressure oxygen chamber.HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of brain tissues in rats.Microplate reader was used to detect the corresponding indexes of oxidative stress such as malondialdehyde(MDA)level and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity.The expressions of hypoxia-related proteins HIF-1α,VEGF,MMP-9,AQP4 and SERT were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the hypoxia model group,after the intervention of fluoxetine hydrochloride,the survival time of mice was prolonged,and the middle dose of fluoxetine(14 mg·kg-1)had the best effect,with an extension rate of 17.78%.The pathological damage of brain was improved,the water content of brain decreased,and the permeability of blood-brain barrier decreased.MDA content in rat brain decreased and SOD activity increased.Western blot results showed that HIF-1α,VEGF,MMP-9,AQP4,SERT protein were significantly down-regulated.Conclusions Fluoxetine has protective effect on rats with brain edema at high altitude,and its mechanism may be related to improving oxidative stress,activating HIF-1α/VEGF/MMP-9 signaling pathway and affecting the expression of SERT protein.SERT may be a potential target for treating brain edema at high altitude.

Biotransformation of α-asarone by Alternaria longipes CGMCC 3.2875 yielded two pairs of new neolignans, (+) (7S, 8S, 7'S, 8'R) iso-magnosalicin (1a)/(-) (7R, 8R, 7'R, 8'S) iso-magnosalicin (1b) and (+) (7R, 8R, 7'S, 8'R) magnosalicin (2a)/(-) (7S, 8S, 7'R, 8'S) magnosalicin (2b), and four known metabolites, (±) acoraminol A (3), (±) acoraminol B (4), asaraldehyde (5), and 2, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzoic acid (6). Their structures, including absolute configurations, were determined by extensive analysis of NMR spectra, X-ray crystallography, and quantum chemical ECD calculations. The cytotoxic activity and Aβ

To explore the mechanism of Sijunzi Decoction in the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC) based on network pharmacology. The active components and corresponding targets of Sijunzi Decoction were extracted with Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP), and the targets were standardized with the help of Uniprot database. The related targets of UC were obtained through GeneCards database and Disgenet database, and the intersection targets of drugs and diseases were screened by R language. The visual regulation network of "active ingredient-disease target" of Sijunzi Decoction was constructed by Cytoscape software, and the protein-protein interaction network was constructed by STRING database. The functional enrichment analysis of gene ontology(GO) and the enrichment analysis of Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway were carried out on Bioconductor platform, and some of the targets were verified by animal experiments. Through database analysis, a total of 135 active components of Sijunzi Decoction, 114 predicted targets and 80 common targets with UC were obtained. The core target proteins included interleukin 6(IL-6), caspase-3(CASP3), vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA), epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) and so on. GO functional enrichment analysis involved 102 items, which mainly affected transcription factor activity, enzyme activity, receptor activity and biochemical process regulation. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that 120 items were involved in human cytomegalovirus infection, cancer, apoptosis, inflammation and other pathways. Mouse experiments showed that Sijunzi Decoction could down-regulate the expression of target proteins IL-6 and caspase-3 and inhibit intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis. The treatment of UC with Sijunzi Decoction is the result of the interaction among multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways. It is proved by experiments that Sijunzi Decoction may play an effective role by regulating the expression of IL-6 and caspase-3, and getting involved in apoptosis, inflammation and other pathways.
Animals ; Colitis, Ulcerative/genetics* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Objective To describe the trend of lung cancer mortality in Xuanwei City,Yunnan Province,from 1990 to 2016 and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of lung cancer in Xuanwei.Methods Mortality data from the 2nd(year 1990-1992)and 3rd(year 2004-2005)Retrospective Survey on Causes of Death,and the Routine Death Registration System(year 2011-2013 and 2014-2016)in Xuanwei were used in this study.We calibrated the missing report of the mortality data for the corresponding periods,calculated the crude mortality rates,standardized mortality rates and corresponding 95% of different types of lung cancers in the above four periods.Results The crude mortality rates of all lung cancers in Xuanwei for these four periods(1990-1992,2004-2005,2011-2013,and 2014-2016)were 34.0/100 000,89.8/100 000,102.3/100 000 and 87.2/100 000 respectively.The standardized morality rate of lung cancer remain high in Xuanwei although it has been decreasing since 2004.Morality rates of lung cancer for most age groups showed decreasing trends.The decrease has been statistically significant in the ≤ 40 year group since 2014.Except for Longchang,the standardized mortality rates have decreased in all other townships with high lung cancer prevalence.Conclusions Although the mortality rate of lung cancer remains high in Xuanwei,it has shown a decreasing trend since 2004.The decrease in lung cancer mortality in populations younger than 40 years is statistically significant.
China ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; mortality ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus with those of cyclosporine in treating idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) via network meta-analysis. Methods Databases including PubMed,Embase,CENTRAL (Cochrane),Wanfang Database,CNKI,and VIP citation database were searched for relevant studies according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Package Meta 4.5.0 and Gemtc 0.8.1 in R 3.3.1 were used to analyze the included studies. Results In this network meta-analysis,the complete remission rate (RR=0.98,95% CI:0.70-1.40)and the total remission rate (RR=1.00,95% CI:0.90-1.20)of idiopathic membranous nephropathy did not differ significantly between IMN patients treated with cyclosporine A or tacrolimusand,nor did the incidences of hepatic dysfunction(RR=1.40,95% CI:0.52-4.00),infection(RR=0.75,95% CI:0.18-3.10),or gastrointestinal syndrome(RR=2.1,95% CI:0.36-28.00). Conclusion Cyclosporine A seems to have similar effectiveness and safety to tacrolimus in treating IMN.

Objective:To study the relationship between apoptosis and the pORF5 protein of Chlamydia trachomatis,and further to explore its molecular mechanisms,which could lay a foundation for chlamydial pathogenic mechanisms.Methods:pGEX-6p/pORF5 recombinant expression vector was transformed to XL1-blue E.Coli to express GST-pORF5 fusion protein,and GST-pORF5 fusion protein was purified with Glutathione Sepharose 4B Beads,and cleaved to get pORF5 protein without GST tag by PreScission protease.The pORF5 protein was used to stimulate HeLa cells at different concentrations,then Western blot was used to evaluate the ex-pression of Bax,Bcl-2 and phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt at different time points,Hoechst staining and Flow cytometry were applied to measure the apoptosis of HeLa cells.Before treated with pORF5 protein for 24 h,HeLa cells were pretreated with PI3K inhibitor LY294002 for 1 h,the expression of Bax,Bcl-2 and the phosphorylation of Akt were evaluated by Western blot,apoptosis rates were also determined.Results:The pORF5 protein changed the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in dose-and time-dependent manners,pORF5 increased the expression of Bcl-2 and decreased the expression of Bax at the concentration of 10 μg/ml,and there was obvious change at concentration of 15 μg/ml for 24 h.The apoptosis rates of pORF5 treated group were reduced by 27.3% and 8.4% respectively when compared with TNF-α treated group(P<0.01) and untreated group (P<0.05).Akt was phosphorylated after stimulated with pORF5 protein for 15 min,and reached its peak at 30 min.PI3K/Akt inhibitor led to the decrease of the expression of Bcl-2 and phosphorylation of Akt and increase of the expression of Bax,furthermore,PI3K/Akt inhibitor reversed pORF5-mediated anti-apoptosis, the apoptosis rate in LY294002 treated group was increased by 13.0%,when compared with the control group(P<0.01).Conclusion:pORF5 protein could inhibit apoptosis through activating PI3K/Akt signal pathway by induction of Bcl-2 and suppression of Bax.

Objective To compare the effect of laparoscopic and open surgery in treatment of rectal cancer. Methods 80 cases of patients with rectal cancer from May 2008 to May 2013 were selected, they were randomly divided into laparoscopy surgery group (n = 40) and open surgery group (n = 40), the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, length of incision, lymph node dissection, number for the first time, ventilation time, ambulation time, hospitalization time, cost of hospitalization, postoperative complications, treatment satisfaction of the two groups were statistically analyzed. Results The operation time of the laparoscopic surgery group was significantly longer (P < 0.05), the amount of bleeding was significantly less (P < 0.05), the incision length was significantly shorter (P < 0.05), the first time, ventilation time, ambulation time, hospitalization time were significantly shorter (P < 0.05), the hospitalization cost was significantly higher (P < 0.05), the rate of postoperative complications 15.0% (6/40) was significantly lower than the open surgery group 35.0% (14/40) (P < 0.05) 97.5% (39/40), the treatment satisfaction was significantly higher than the open surgery group 67.5% (27/40)(P < 0.05). Conclusion The effect of laparoscopic and open surgery in treatment of rectal cancer is better than open surgery.