【Objective】 To compare the desalination effects of five desalination methods and their effects on the components for human coagulation factor Ⅷ(FⅧ), and provide reference for selection of protein desalination methods. 【Methods】 Sephadex G-25 Medium gel, Fractogel EMD BioSEC gel, ultrafiltration, room temperature dialysis and 4℃ dialysis were used to desalt human FⅧ. The desalination effect was evaluated by the removal rate of Na +, citrate ion and glycine. FⅧ protein recovery, FⅧ activity (FⅧ∶C), VWF antigen (VWF∶Ag), VWF activity(VWF∶Ac), VWF polymers and SDS-PAGE analysis before and after desalination were compared to evaluate the effect of desalination on FⅧ components. 【Results】 In terms of desalination effect, the removal rate of Na⁺ was the lowest in ultrafiltration desalination, while that of Fractogel EMD BioSEC gel was the highest [(97.90±0.06) % vs (99.82±0.07) %]. Except that there was no statistical significance between Sephadex G-25 Medium gel desalination and Fractogel EMD BioSEC gel desalination (P=0.90), the removal rates of the other four methods were statistically significant. The removal rate of glycine was the lowest in ultrafiltration desalination, wihle that of Fractogel EMD BioSEC gel desalination was the highest [(95.78±0.42) % vs (99.81±0.08) %]. Significant difference in glycine removal was noticed in ultrafiltration desalination, but not among the other four desalination methods. There was no significant difference in the removal rate of citrate ions among the five methods (P=0.85). For the effect of FⅧ components, FⅧ∶C, VWF∶Ag, VWF∶Ac and protein recovery rates of ultrafiltration desalination were the highest, with (18.34±1.99) IU/mL, (11.81±0.33) IU/mL, (12.26±0.58) IU/mL and (97.13±1.37) %, respectively. There was no significant change in VWF∶Ac/VWF∶Ag before and after desalination by the five methods. SDS-PAGE and VWF polymer analysis showed that different desalination methods had no significant impact on protein composition. 【Conclusion】 Although different desalination methods had no significant effect on the composition of FⅧ protein, the desalination effect was different. Moreover, different desalination methods had significant effects on protein recovery, FⅧ∶C, VWF∶Ag and VWF∶Ac. The selection of desalination methods should be more considered during protein processing,

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases are common clinical conditions. The number of patients with TMJ diseases is large, and the etiology, epidemiology, disease spectrum, and treatment of the disease remain controversial and unknown. To understand and master the current situation of the occurrence, development and prevention of TMJ diseases, as well as to identify the patterns in etiology, incidence, drug sensitivity, and prognosis is crucial for alleviating patients′suffering.This will facilitate in-depth medical research, effective disease prevention measures, and the formulation of corresponding health policies. Cohort construction and research has an irreplaceable role in precise disease prevention and significant improvement in diagnosis and treatment levels. Large-scale cohort studies are needed to explore the relationship between potential risk factors and outcomes of TMJ diseases, and to observe disease prognoses through long-term follw-ups. The consensus aims to establish a standard conceptual frame work for a cohort study on patients with TMJ disease while providing ideas for cohort data standards to this condition. TMJ disease cohort data consists of both common data standards applicable to all specific disease cohorts as well as disease-specific data standards. Common data were available for each specific disease cohort. By integrating different cohort research resources, standard problems or study variables can be unified. Long-term follow-up can be performed using consistent definitions and criteria across different projects for better core data collection. It is hoped that this consensus will be facilitate the development cohort studies of TMJ diseases.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and epidemic situation of children with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in China,and provide the basis for formulating prevention and control measures. Methods Fixed-point monitoring,moving-point monitoring,and full coverage of monitoring were promoted successively from 1990 to 2023. Some children (7-12 years old) underwent clinical and right-hand X-ray examinations every year. According to the KBD diagnosis criteria,clinical and X-ray assessments were used to confirm the diagnosis. Results In 1990,the national KBD detectable rate was 21.01％. X-ray detection decreased to below 10％ in 2003 and below 5％ in 2007. Between 2010 and 2018,the prevalence of KBD in children was less than 0.4％,which fluctuated at a low level,and has decreased to 0％ since 2019. Spatial epidemiological analysis indicated a spatial clustering of adult patients prevalence rate in the KBD areas. Conclusion The evaluation results of the elimination of KBD in China over the last 5 years showed that all villages in the monitored areas have reached the elimination standard. While the adult KBD patients still need for policy consideration and care.

Objective To explore the clinical features,treatment and prognosis of glioblastomas(GBM)in adults.Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed on 176 adult GBM patients admitted to our department from January 2015 to December 2021.Chi-square test was used to investigate the clinical differences between isocitrate dehydrogenase(IDH)mutant and wild-type GBM.Kaplan-Meier and Log-Rank tests were employed to plot survival curve and compute the survival analysis.Multivariate Cox regression model was applied to identify the independent prognostic factors.Results IDH wild-type GBM account for 89.2％and had significantly differences from the IDH-mutant GBM in terms of age of onset,Karnofsky(KPS)score at admission,symptoms of neurological deficit,and methylation status of O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase(MGMT)promoter(P＜0.05).For the IDH wild-type GBM patients receiving conventional therapy,univariate Cox hazard analysis showed gross total resection,methylation of MGMT promoter,initiation of radiation within the 5th to 6th week after surgery,and adjuvant temozolomide(TMZ)chemotherapy ≥6 cycles were favorable prognostic factors for overall survival(OS);GBMs in the left hemisphere,involvement of single lobe,methylation of MGMT promoter,and initiation of radiation within the 5th to 6th week after surgery were favorable prognostic factors for progression free survival(PFS)(all P＜0.05).Moreover,multivariate Cox hazard regression analysis indicated that methylation of MGMT promoter,and initiation of radiation within the 5th to 6th week after surgery,and adjuvant TMZ chemotherapy ≥6 cycles were independent protective factors for OS,and GBMs in the left hemisphere,involvement of single lobe and methylation of MGMT promoter were independent protective factors for PFS in the GBM patients(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The clinical and prognostic features are totally different between IDH mutant and wild-type GBM,and molecular detections are needed for the further pathological classification.Methylation of MGMT promoter is a primary marker of favorite prognosis for IDH wild-type GBM,and slightly delay in radiotherapy(the 5th to 6th week after surgery)can effectively improve the survival prognosis of IDH wild-type GBM.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP)on hepatocyte injury induced by homocysteine(Hcy).Methods Normal C3H/An mouse hepatocytes(NCTC 1469)were cultured in vitro and treated with different concentrations of Hcy(0,50,100,200,500 μmol/L).The optimal concentrations of Hcy-treated NCTC 1469 cells were detected by MTT assay.When the cells reached the logarithmic growth stage,the conditions were set up as follows:(1)control group(cultured with DMEM medium supplemented with 10%horse serum)and Hcy group(treated with 100 μmol/L Hcy solution for 48 h),and the cells were collected.Cell viability staining was used to detect apoptosis,aspartate aminotransferase(AST)/alanine aminotransferase(ALT)activity detection kit was used to detect AST and ALT activities,RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression levels of YAP1,DNMT1,DNMT3a and DNMT3b mRAN,and Western blotting was used to detect the expression of YAP1 protein,nested methylation specific PCR(nMS-PCR)was used to detect DNA methylation rates in the YAP1 promoter region.(2)Control group,LBP group,Hcy group and Hcy+LBP group.LBP group was treated with 4 mg/ml LBP solution for 2 h,Hcy group and Hcy+LBP group were treated with 100 μmol/L Hcy solution for 48 h,and Hcy+LBP group was treated with 4 mg/ml LBP solution at 46 h,and the cells were collected.The expression levels of YAP1,DNMT1,DNMT3a and DNMT3b mRAN were detected by RT-qPCR;the expression of YAP1,Bax and Bcl-2 proteins was detected by Western blotting;AST/ALT activity detection kit was used to detect AST and ALT activities.Prediction of DNA methylation CpG islands in YAP1 promoter region by bioinformatics.Results NCTC 1469 cells were treated with 100 μmol/L Hcy according to the results of MTT assay.Compared with control group,the apoptosis rate of Hcy group increased(P<0.01),the activities of ALT and AST increased(P<0.001),the mRAN and protein expression levels of YAP1 decreased(P<0.001),and the methylation rate of YAP1 promoter region increased(P<0.01),the mRNA expression levels of DNMT1,DNMT3a and DNMT3b increased(P<0.01 or P<0.001).Compared with Hcy group,the mRNA expression levels of DNMT1,DNMT3a and DNMT3b in the Hcy+LBP group decreased(P<0.001),the mRAN and protein expression levels of YAP1 significantly increased(P<0.01 or P<0.001).In addition,in the Hcy+LBP group,cells showed significantly elevated of Bcl-2 protein(P<0.001),but decreased Bax protein(P<0.001),and decreased activities of ALT and AST(P<0.001).Conclusions The decrease of YAP1 expression may be the key process of Hcy induced injury of NCTC 1469 cells,and the methylation of the YAP1 promoter region may be the molecular mechanism of Hcy induced YAP1 expression change.LBP may improve NCTC 1469 cell damage induced by Hcy by positively regulating YAP1 expression.

Objective To summarize the best evidences for the placement and maintenance of adult infusion ports,and to provide a basis for clinical medical staff to carry out the placement and maintenance of infusion ports.Methods The evidence-based questions were constructed using PIPOST mode.According to the"6S"classification model of evidence,a computerized retrieval of academic papers concerning the best evidence for the placement and maintenance of adult infusion ports from the databases of UpToDate,BMJ Best Practice,Cochrane Library,JBI evidence-based healthcare center database,National Guidelines Clearinghouse(NGC),Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC),National Institute for Health and Care Excellence(NICE),Guidelines International Network(GIN),the Registered Nurses'Association of Ontario(RNAO),CINAHL,EMbase,PubMed,Intravenous Nurses Society(INS),Wanfang,CNKI,VIP,SinoMed and Yimaitong was conducted.The retrieval time period was from the establishment of the database to July 6,2023.Two researchers,who had received training in evidence-based nursing,independently evaluated the quality of the literature,screened and summarized the evidences.Results A total of 12 papers,including one paper of clinical decision analysis,5 papers of expert consensus,3 papers of clinical practice guideline,and 3 papers of evidence summary,were finally enrolled in this study.A total of 96 pieces of evidence were extracted from the included literature,and 66 pieces of evidence were ultimately synthesized,which were classified into 5 dimensions,including personnel qualifications,indications and contraindications,perioperative care,PORT maintenance,and health education.Conclusion Clinical healthcare professionals should formulate the nursing strategies based on the evidence so as to improve the safety of infusion port placement and maintenance in adult patients.

Objective To explore the safety and management mode of hysteroscopy in three different modes:outpatient,daily and inpatient.Methods The quality control data of patients who underwent hysteroscopic surgery in Hysterscopy Centre,Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Fudan University from Jan 2019 to Dec 2021 were collected through the electronic information system of the hospital and the monthly quality control report of hysteroscopy center.The amount of surgery,the proportion of grade Ⅳsurgery,the analysis of operation types,the indicator including complications,and unanticipated secondary surgery were retrospectively analyzed.Results From 2019 to 2021,5 162 outpatient hysteroscopic patients,15 331 daily hysteroscopic patients and 5 942 inpatient hysteroscopic patients were admitted in our hospital.The age of inpatient hysteroscopic patients was significantly older than those of outpatient and daily patients(P<0.001).In the past three years,the proportion of daily hysteroscopy gradually increased,and the proportion of inpatient hysteroscopy gradually decreased(P<0.001).The total percentage of grade Ⅳ hysteroscopic surgery was 12.9%,in which inpatient was higher than daily,and daily was higher than outpatient(P<0.001).The incidence of complications and accidents during hysteroscopy was 0.117%(31/26 435),including 17 cases of uterine perforation,7 cases of hysteroscopy failure,3 cases of excessive intraoperative bleeding,2 cases of fluid overload,1 case of intestinal injury,and 1 case of anesthesia accident.The incidence of hysteroscopy in outpatient,daily and inpatient were 0.020%(1/5 162),0.137%(21/15 331)and 0.151%(9/5 942)respectively.Conclusion Hysteroscopy in outpatient,daily and inpatient are all safe and reliable.Outpatient and daily hysteroscopy can improve the efficiency of medical services,which has gradually become a trend.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of tension-type headache(TTH)in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years globally in 1990-2021,and to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of TTH.Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study data,the age-standardized prevalence distribution of TTH and its changing trend were analyzed among the children and adolescents aged 0-19 years,with different sexes,age groups,sociodemographic index(SDI)regions and countries/territories.Results The age-standardized prevalence rate(ASPR)of TTH in children and adolescents aged 0-19 globally in 2021 was 17 339.89/100 000,which was increased by 1.73%since 1990.The ASPR in females was slightly higher than that in males(1990:17 707.65/100 000 vs 16 403.78/100 000;2021:17 946.29/100 000 vs 16 763.09/100 000).The ASPR in adolescence was significantly higher than that in school-aged and preschool periods(1990:27 672.04/100 000 vs 10 134.16/100 000;2021:28 239.04/100 000 vs 10 059.39/100 000).Regions with high SDI exhibited a higher ASPR than the other regions,with significant differences in prevalence rates across different countries.From 1990 to 2021,there was a slight increase in global ASPR,with an average annual percentage change(AAPC)of 0.06%.Females experienced a smaller increase than males based on AAPC(0.04%vs 0.07%).There was reduction in ASPR in preschool and school-aged groups,with an AAPC of-0.02%,while there was a significant increase in ASPR in adolescence,with an AAPC of 0.07%.ASPR decreased in regions with low-middle and low levels of SDI,with an AAPC of-0.02%and-0.04%,respectively,while it increased in regions with middle SDI,with an AAPC of 0.24%.Conclusions There is a consistent increase in the ASPR of TTH in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years globally,with significant differences across sexes,age groups,SDI regions and countries/territories.

Objective CT scans combined with Mimics software were used to measure femoral offset(FO),rotation center height(RCH)and lower leg length discrepancy(LLD)following total hip arthroplasty(THA),and the relationship between FO,RCH and LLD after THA is discussed.Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on 40 patients with unilateral THA who met standard cases from October 2020 to June 2022.There were 21 males and 19 females,18 patients on the left side and 22 patients on the right side,aged range from 30 to 81 years old,with an average age of(58.90±14.13)years old,BMI ranged from 17.3 to 31.5 kg·m-2withan average of(25.3±3.4)kg·m-2.There were 30 cases of femoral head necrosis(Ficattype Ⅳ),2 cases of hip osteoarthritis(Tonnis type Ⅲ),2 cases of developmental hip dislocation combined with end-stage osteoarthritis(Crowe type Ⅲ),and 6 cases of femoral neck fracture(Garden type Ⅳ).Three-dimensional CT reconstruction of pelvis was taken preoperative and postoperative,and three-dimensional reconstruction model was established after processing by Mimics software.FO,RCH and LLD were measured on the model.The criteria for FO reconstruction were as follows:postoperative bi-lateral FO difference less than 5 mm;the standard for equal length of both lower limbs was as follows:postoperative LLD differ-ence less than 5 mm.Results Bilateral FO difference was positively correlated with LLD(r=0.744,P＜0.00l).Chi-square test was performed between the FO reconstructed group and the non-reconstructed eccentricity group:The results showed that the i-sometric ratio of lower limbs in the FO reconstructed group was significantly higher than that in the FO reconstructed group(x2=6.320,P=0.012).The bilateral RCH difference was significantly negatively correlated with LLD(r=-0.877,P＜0.001).There is a linear relationship between bilateral FO difference and bilateral RCH difference and postoperative LLD,and the lin-ear regression equation is satisfied:postoperative LLD=0.038x-0.099y+0.257(x:postoperative bilateral FO difference,y:post-operative bilateral RCH difference;Unit:cm),F=77.993,R2=0.808,P=0.009.Conclusion After THA,LLD increased with the increase of FO and decreased with the increase of RCH.The effect of lower limb isometric length can be obtained more easily by reconstruction of FO.There is a linear relationship between the bilateral FO difference and the bilateral RCH difference after THA and LLD,and the regression equation can provide a theoretical reference forjudging LLD.

African swine fever(ASF),caused by the African swine fever virus(ASFV),is a highly contagious infectious disease of pigs.This disease has been spread rapidly in China since 2018,po-sing a huge threat to China's pig farming industry.To rapid detect the ASFV,a loop-mediated iso-thermal amplification(LAMP)combined with the disposable nucleic acid visualization test strip was established for visual detection of the nucleic acid of ASFV B646L gene.The method was easy to operate without special instruments and equipment,while it effectively avoided the disadvantage of false positives caused by aerosol contamination.The method was able to detect 1.16 copies/μL of the recombinant plasmid in 50 min at 65 ℃.In addition,the method was specific with no cross-re-action with classical swine fever virus,porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,por-cine parvovirus,transmissible gastroenteritis virus.The results in this study provides a rapid,con-venient,sensitive and reliable method for early diagnosis and screening for ASFV suspected infec-tion cases.