OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of evolocumab and probucol in patients with ultra-high-risk atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease （ASCVD） following percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 156 ultra-high-risk ASCVD patients who underwent PCI in our institution between January 1， 2023 and December 31， 2024. According to the lipid-lowering regimen， the patients were categorized into evolocumab group （ n ＝86） and probucol group （ n ＝70）. Changes in lipid parameters [total cholesterol （TC）， low-density lipoprot ein cholesterol （LDL-C）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， triglycerides， lipoprotein （a）， and lipid goal achievement rate ] ， inflammatory markers [interleukin-6 （IL-6） and C-reactive protein （CRP） ] ， and cardiac function indices （left ventricular ejection fraction， left ventricular end-systolic diameter， left ventricular end-diastolic diameter， and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide） were compared between two groups at baseline and after 6 months of treatment. The incidence of adverse clinical events during treatment， including acute myocardial infarction， in-stent restenosis， acute heart failure， cerebral hemorrhage， and stroke， was also evaluated. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups at baseline （ P ＞0.05）. After 6 months of treatment， both groups demonstrated significant improvements in lipid profiles （except HDL-C） and inflammatory markers compared to those at baseline （ P ＜0.05）. The evolocumab group exhibited greater reductions in TC， LDL-C， IL-6， and CRP， along with a higher lipid target achievement rate， compared with the probucol group （ P ＜0.05）. There were no statistically significant differences in the cardiac function-related indicators before and after treatment between the two groups， nor in the incidence of adverse events during the treatment （ P ＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS For ultra-high-risk ASCVD patients after PCI， both of the above treatment options are associated with improvements in blood lipid and inflammatory response， with good safety during short-term follow-up. Evolocumab shows superior efficacy in TC， LDL-C and inflammatory markers reduction and lipid target achievement， compared to probucol.

Objective: To improve the efficiency of patient treatment in routine, emergency, and mass casualty scenarios (both peacetime and wartime), eliminate reliance on blood type compatibility, and promote the productization of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), this study investigated the optimal mixing ratio for developing a universal PRP formulation. Methods: PRP was prepared from donors with blood types O, A, B, and AB. Samples were mixed in varying proportions, and the optimal ratio was determined based on the trend of anti-A and anti-B antibody titers in the mixed PRP. Concentrations of the growth factors PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, EGF, TGF-β1, and VEGF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before and after mixing. Results: A mixing ratio of A∶B∶AB=6∶2.5∶24 resulted in no detectable agglutination with either A or B cells in the microcolumn gel system, indicating the absence of immunological reactivity and confirming universal compatibility. Importantly, the levels of all measured growth factors remained unchanged following mixing, suggesting preservation of biological activity. Conclusion: These findings suggest that universal PRP can be prepared by neutralizing blood type antibodies through antigen-antibody reactions.

ObjectiveTo systematically characterize the in vitro chemical constituents of Entada phaseoloides and its absorbed prototype compounds and metabolites in a neuropathic pain （NP） model， thereby elucidating the potential pharmacological material basis underlying its analgesic activity. MethodsUltra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry （UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS） was used to analyze the constituents of the 80% methanol extract of E. phaseoloides. Thirty-six mice were divided into a blank group， low-， medium-， and high-dose E. phaseoloides extract groups （25， 50， and 100 mg·kg^-1， respectively）， an aspirin group （400 mg·kg^-1）， and a morphine group （10 mg·kg^-1）， with six mice in each group. The tail-flick threshold was measured. Twenty-four mice were randomly divided into a blank group and low-， medium-， and high-dose E. phaseoloides extract groups （25， 50， and 100 mg·kg^-1， respectively）， with six mice in each group， and motor coordination was evaluated. A spinal nerve ligation （SNL） model was established in mice. Twenty-four mice were randomly divided into a sham-operated （Sham） group， an SNL group， an SNL + E. phaseoloides extract group （750 mg·kg^-1）， and an SNL + pregabalin group （20 mg·kg^-1）， with 6 mice in each group. Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were evaluated. Behavioral assessments were combined to determine the optimal onset time of the analgesic effect， and plasma samples were collected at this time point. Absorbed components and metabolites were systematically identified based on accurate mass， MS/MS fragmentation patterns， retention time， and comparisons with literature data and reference standards. Meanwhile， network pharmacology， target similarity analysis， and molecular docking validation were integrated to evaluate the potential effects of absorbed components on disease intervention. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the high-dose E. phaseoloides extract group and morphine group showed significantly increased pain response thresholds （P<0.01）， without affecting motor coordination in normal mice. Compared with the Sham group， the SNL group exhibited significantly decreased thresholds for mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia （P<0.01）. Compared with the SNL group， the SNL + E. phaseoloides extract group and SNL + pregabalin group showed significantly increased thresholds for mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia （P<0.01）. The analgesic effect of E. phaseoloides was most significant at 2 h after administration. A total of 70 constituents were identified in vitro， and 22 prototype compounds and 29 metabolites were detected in plasma. The targets of the absorbed components were mainly enriched in biological processes associated with pain signal perception and transmission and showed a high degree of overlap with disease genes related to neuropathic pain. In addition， multiple components exhibited strong binding energies with core pain-related targets. Based on integrated analysis of in vitro content， plasma exposure levels， and target associations， ketanthamide A-β-D-pyranoside and ketengzide were identified as the most representative pharmacologically active substances responsible for the analgesic effect. ConclusionThis study systematically elucidates the material basis of E. phaseoloides intervention in neuropathic pain from three aspects， including chemical constituent characteristics， in vivo behavioral characteristics， and potential targets， providing important theoretical foundations and experimental support for further studies on its pharmacological mechanism and analgesic drug development.

AIM: To explore the application effect of eyelid margin incision combined with floating bridge technique in the treatment of ptosis patients, and to analyze its effects on the margin reflex distance 1(MRD1)and the aesthetic effect of the eyes. METHODS:Prospective study. This study enrolled patients with blepharoptosis treated at the Department of Ophthalmology of the hospital between January 2023 and July 2025, who were assigned to either an observation group or a control group. The patients in the control group received levator aponeurosis shortening surgery through conventional double-eyelid incision, while the patients in the observation group underwent levator aponeurosis shortening surgery using the eyelid margin incision combined with floating bridge technique. Subsequently, the surgical-related indicators,the correction effect of ptosis, the aesthetic effect, the ocular function indicators, the postoperative complication occurrence rate, and recurrence rate were compared and analyzed between two groups.RESULTS:A total of 100 patients(100 eyes)with blepharoptosis were enrolled in this study, with 50 patients(50 eyes)in the observation group and 50 patients(50 eyes)in the control group. The observation group had a mean age of 27.33±5.32 y, including 20 males and 30 females. The control group had a mean age of 27.64±4.66 y, including 24 males and 26 females. Compared with the control group, the operative time of the observation group was longer, the postoperative swelling resolution time and natural recovery time were shorter,and the correction rate was higher(P<0.05). Three months after the surgery, the VSS score and POSAS score of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, while the scores for eyelid curvature, symmetry of eyelid height, and the PFH, MRD1, palpebral fissure size, and upper eyelid levator muscle strength were all higher than those of the control group(all P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in postoperative complication occurrence rate and recurrence rate between two groups(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The combined use of eyelid margin incision and floating bridge technique for treating ptosis results in slightly longer operation time, but it can shorten the postoperative recovery period, effectively ameliorate the MRD1 and ocular function of patients, and enhance the correction effect and aesthetic quality of the eyes. In addition, it has a low incidence of complications and guaranteed safety.

Objective To explore the risk factors for postoperative pneumonia (POP) following esophagectomy for esophageal cancer, and to identify potential clinical indicators for predicting POP. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients with esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University from 2017 to 2021. Perioperative clinical indicators were collected to analyze the risk factors for the occurrence of POP. Patients were divided into a POP group and a non-POP group according to whether POP occurred. Results A total of 613 patients with esophageal cancer were included, comprising 472 males and 141 females, with a median age of 62.0 (53.0, 67.0) years. Among them, 51 patients were in the POP group, and 562 patients were in the non-POP group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the forced expiratory volume in 1 second percentage of predicted (FEV1%) [OR=0.958, 95%CI (0.943, 0.973), P<0.001], systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) [OR=1.001, 95%CI (1.000, 1.002), P=0.007], and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) [OR=0.869, 95% CI (0.813, 0.928), P<0.001] were independent risk factors for POP. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis combining FEV1%, SII, and PNI demonstrated that the area under the curve (AUC) for predicting POP was 0.826 [95%CI (0.793, 0.855), cut-off value: 0.08, sensitivity: 80.3%, specificity: 72.4%, Youden index: 0.528, P<0.001]. Cross-validation confirmed that the combined indicators had the highest predictive efficacy, which was significantly superior to that of any single indicator alone. Conclusion Preoperative levels of FEV1%, SII, and PNI are closely associated with the occurrence of POP following surgery for esophageal cancer. The combined application of FEV1%, SII, and PNI demonstrates good predictive efficacy for the occurrence of POP.

Objective To explore the roles of transfer RNA-derived small RNAs(tsRNAs)in the oncogenesis and progression of lung adenocarcinoma by analyzing the differential expression of tsRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma and the relationship between the expression levels of tsRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma and the prognosis of patients in order to further screen and validate the tsRNAs associated with lung adenocarcinoma.Methods The differential expression of tsRNAs between lung adenocarcinoma tissues and normal tissues was analyzed based on the database of the Computational Medicine Center.The effects of tsRNAs expression levels on the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients were analyzed based on the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database(TCGA-LUAD).The target genes were predicted based on TRFtarget2.0 and tRFTar databases.Gene ontology(GO)enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis were performed based on DAVID and KOBA KEGG online websites.The expression levels of target genes in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and normal tissues were analyzed based on the University of ALabama at Birmingham CANcer data analysis Portal(UALCAN)database.In vitro cell proliferation,migration,and invasion assays were performed to investigate the biological functions of tRF-19-69M8LOJX in lung adenocarcinoma cells.Results Compared with the normal tissues,tRF-19-69M8LOJX was up-regulated in lung adenocarcinoma tissues(log2FC=4.28,FDR＜0.05).High expression level of tRF-19-69M8LOJX was associated with shorter progression-free survival(HR=1.565,95％CI=1.142-2.145,P=0.005).And its overexpression promoted cell proliferation and migration(P＜0.001),and invasion(P=0.009)of A549 cells,and up-regulated COL1A1(P=0.002)and VCAN(P=0.022)significantly in the tRF-19-69M8LOJX overexpression cell model.Conclusion tRF-19-69M8LOJX is up-regulated in lung adenocarcinoma tissues.And its high expression is closely associated with poor prognosis.The tsRNA may play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of lung adenocarcinoma.

Objective To explore the association between the relative expression level of SNORD55 in peripheral blood and the outcomes of all-cause mortality and stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation(AF),and to evaluate the predictive value of SNORD55 for prognosis.Methods A total of 133 patients with non-valvular AF admitted in Department of Cardiology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from January 2014 to December 2017 were enrolled in this study.Their baseline information was collected,and the relative expression level of plasma SNORD55 was detected.Cox proportional hazards model was used to explore the association between the relative expression level of SNORD55 in peripheral blood and all-cause mortality as well as stroke in the patients.The predictive performance of CHA2DS2-VASc score for all-cause mortality and stroke was compared with the score combined with the relative expression level of SNORD55 in the AF patients.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)was utilized to evaluate the discrimination,and the net reclassification index(NRI)and comprehensive discriminant improvement index(IDI)were calculated to evaluate the improvement of reclassification ability.Decision curve analysis(DCA)was applied to analyze the change in clinical net benefit.Results The results of multivariate Cox regression showed that high expression of SNORD55 in peripheral blood was an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality and stroke in the AF patients.In predicting the outcomes of all-cause mortality and stroke,the addition of relative expression SNORD55 level with the CHA2DS2-VASc score obtained higher AUC value[0.80(95％CI:0.67～0.93)vs 0.67(95％CI:0.53～0.81),P＜0.05].In predicting the outcome of all-cause death and stroke,combination of the relative expression level of SNORD55 with CHA2DS2-VASc score increased both NRI[54.3(95％CI:10.6～61.9)vs 31.9(95％CI:2.8～47.5),P＜0.05]and IDI[16.1(95％CI:2.4～27.0)vs 7.9(95％CI:0.5～14.8),P＜0.05].The results of DCA showed that our combination of CHA2DS2-VASc score relative expression level of SNORD55 had higher clinical net benefits than the foreign ABC score in the prediction of the outcomes.Conclusion Peripheral blood SNORD55 level is an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality and stroke in AF patients,and has good predictive performance for all-cause mortality and stroke in the patients.

Objectives To explore the association of peripheral blood PIWI-interacting RNA,piR-hsa-2700592,with all-cause mortality and stroke outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation(AF),and to determine whether piR-hsa-2700592 has the potential to be an AF biomarker.Methods A total of 127 patients with non-valvular AF were enrolled,and the relative expression level of plasma piR-hsa-2700592 was detected.Cox proportional hazard regression was used to analyze the correlation between the expression of piR-hsa-2700592 and all-cause death as well as stroke outcome in the patients.Then the molecule expression level was combined with CHA2DS2-VASc score and ABC stroke(or death)score to establish 2 new prediction models,the improvement of the predictive performance was compared and analyzed.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis(area under the curve,AUC),net reclassification index(NRI),and comprehensive discriminant improvement index(IDI)were used to evaluate the predictive performance,and decision curve analysis(DCA)was employed to assess the clinical benefit.Results Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the patients with higher expression level of piR-hsa-2700592 in peripheral blood had a higher risk of stroke(HR:2.203,95%CI:1.120～4.332;P=0.022).In the stroke outcome,combination of plasma piR-hsa-2700592 expression level with CHA2DS2-VASc score and ABC stroke score obtained an AUC of 0.70(95%CI:0.55～0.85,P＜0.001)and 0.84(95%CI:0.73～0.96,P=0.02),respectively.But,no significant association was observed between high plasma piR-hsa-2700592 level and all-cause mortality in the AF patients(HR:1.997;95%CI:0.884～4.509;P=0.096).Combination of plasma piR-hsa-2700592 level improved the discriminative capability than the single CHA2DS2-VASc score and ABC stroke score models,with an NRI and IDI value of 44.20%(95%CI:3.40～59.90,P＜0.001)and 8.20%(95%CI:0.60～15.40,P＜0.001),respectively for the new CHA2DS2-VASc score model,and an NRI and IDI value of 44.20%(95%CI:9.80～58.90,P＜0.001)and 10.40%(95%CI:0.70～21.40,P＜0.001),respectively for the new ABC stroke score model.The DCA curve showed that both new prediction models obtained better net clinical benefits.Conclusion High peripheral blood expression of piR-hsa-2700592 is an independent risk factor for stroke in the AF patients,and the indicator has a good predictive value for prognosis of the patients.piR-hsa-2700592 might be used as a potential biomarker in the diagnosis and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide and has drawn extensive research attention.Owing to its molecular heterogeneity,drug resistance,and low therapeutic response,single-modality treatments often fail to achieve satisfactory efficacy or broad applicability.Combination therapy,designed based on the pathophysiological characteristics,related signaling pathways,and biomarkers of breast cancer,has emerged as a promising approach for improving therapeutic outcomes.With the advancement of research on combination strategies,the understanding of their molecular mechanisms—particularly key signaling pathways and biomarkers—has become increasingly important.However,comprehensive reviews addressing these molecular mechanisms and synergistic strategies remain scarce.This article summarizes recent advances in combination therapy for breast cancer,providing a comprehensive review of recent combination therapies for breast cancer and their underlying molecular mechanisms,and focusing on key signaling pathways involved in combination therapy and synergistic strategies,thereby providing theoretical insights and reference for researchers,graduate students,and clinicians engaged in the development of novel combination therapeutic strategies for breast cancer and related malignancies.

Objective To explore the application value of combining the ultrasound breast imaging reporting and data system(BI-RADS)classification with serum fibroblast growth factor receptor 1(FGFR1)and growth differentiation factor 3(GDF3)in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast masses.Methods A total of 159 patients with breast masses were selected and divided into the benign mass group(n=83)and the malignant mass group(n=76)based on postoperative pathological diagnosis.All patients underwent ultrasound examination,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was applied to detect serum levels of FGFR1 and GDF3.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was applied to analyze the diagnostic value of ultrasound BI-RADS classification and serum FGFR1 and GDF3 levels for benign and malignant breast masses.Kappa test was applied to analyze the consistency between various diagnostic methods and pathological diagnosis.Results The serum levels of FGFR1 and GDF3,the proportions of irregular morphology,unclear boundaries,spiculation,microcalcifications,blood flow grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ and posterior echo attenuation,RI and PI were higher in the malignant tumor group than those in the benign tumor group(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of FGFR1,GDF3 and ultrasound BI-RADS classification in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast masses separately and in combination was 0.802(95%CI:0.732-0.871),0.817(95%CI:0.751-0.884),0.848(95%CI:0.784-0.912)and 0.956(95%CI:0.918-0.993),respectively.The combined diagnosis was more effective than that of the individual diagnosis of each indicator.The consistency between the individual and combined diagnosis of benign and malignant breast masses and pathological diagnosis showed that the Kappa values were 0.517,0.514,0.688 and 0.912,respectively,with the highest consistency observed in the combined diagnosis(P＜0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound BI-RADS classification combined with serum FGFR1 and GDF3 has high application value in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast masses.