1.Exercise improves microvascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes
Fan WEN ; Yang XIANG ; Huan ZHU ; Yanfang TUO ; Feng LI
Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research 2026;30(5):1225-1235
BACKGROUND:Exercise is an effective way to improve microvascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes.In recent years,exercise has been used as an intervention therapy for microvascular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes.However,few studies have systematically explored the influence of factors,such as"exercise type,exercise intensity and amount of exercise,"on microvascular function in patients.To some extent,this limits the formulation of precise exercise prescriptions to improve microvascular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes and the comparison of study results.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of exercise type,intensity,frequency and amount of exercise on microvascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,and to make suggestions on exercise prescription.METHODS:The first author used computer to search the studies on the improvement of microvascular function in type 2 diabetes patients involving exercise in CNKI,WanFang,PubMed and other databases.The search terms were"diabetes mellitus,type 2 diabetes mellitus,microcirculation,microvascular reactivity,microvessels,capillaries,vasodilation,blood perfusion volume,endothelial cells,shear stress,exercise,aerobic exercise,resistance exercise,high-intensity exercise"in Chinese and English.The articles were screened by a quick glance at the article titles and abstracts to exclude those that were not closely related to the topic,and finally 60 articles were included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Exercise is an effective way to improve microvascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes.Aerobic exercise lasting 12-24 weeks,3-5 times/week,exercise time>30 minutes and intensity between 40%and 59%reserve oxygen intake can significantly improve microvascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes.On the basis of aerobic exercise,systemic resistance exercise 2-3 times a week(50%-85%1RM,every other day)or pressure resistance exercise can obtain better intervention effects.(2)In addition,exercise can improve microvascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes in a"dose-effect"manner,and patients can get better results from the intervention by increasing the amount of exercise,while maintaining safety.(3)The mechanism of exercise improving microvascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes is mainly related to promoting the release of nitric oxide and vascular endothelial growth factor from endothelial cells and inhibiting the release of endothelin1.
2.The role of shed syndecan-4 in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis in rats
HE Kangping ; CHEN Xiaohua ; LI Jinru ; ZHAN Ying ; HE Feng ; JIANG Tianlu ; LI Feifei ; YU Shibin
Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases 2026;34(5):443-455
Objective:
To investigate the mechanism of shed syndecan-4 (sSDC4) in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) in rats, aiming to provide experimental evidence for its prevention and treatment.
Methods:
This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee. Twelve 6-week-old female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups. They received a single intra-articular injection into the bilateral superior cavity of temporomandibular joint, which consisted of either 50 μL of 4 mg/mL monosodium iodoacetate (TMJOA model group) or 50 μL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, control group). After 4 weeks, the mandibular condylar cartilage was harvested for hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining, Safranin O-fast green (SO) staining, and type II collagen (Col-Ⅱ) immunohistochemical staining to assess the degree of cartilage degeneration. The synovium of the temporomandibular joint was collected for immunohistochemical staining to detect the expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) to evaluate the degree of synovial inflammation. Synovial fluid from the temporomandibular joint cavity was collected to measure sSDC4 levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, 12 6-week-old female SD rats were randomly divided into a His-SDC4 group and a control group, receiving injections into the bilateral superior cavity of temporomandibular joint of either 100 ng/mL (50 μL) of His-SDC4 protein or 50 μL of PBS once every 3 days for a total of 28 days. The same experimental procedures were performed for H&E staining, SO staining, and immunohistochemical staining (Col-Ⅱ IL-6, TNF-α) to observe condylar cartilage degeneration and detect synovial inflammation. Rat synovial fibroblasts and condylar chondrocytes were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into a His-SDC4-stimulated (10 ng/mL) group and control group. Perform CCK-8 cytotoxicity assays and observe cellular morphology under optical microscopy, the mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in cell culture supernatants were measured by ELISA.
Results:
Compared with the control group, the TMJOA group showed decreased condylar cartilage thickness, percentage of SO-positive area, and percentage of Col-Ⅱ-positive area (all P<0.001); an increased synovitis score (P<0.001) and increased percentages of IL-6- and TNF-α-positive cells in the synovium (all P<0.001); and a significant increase in sSDC4 levels in the synovial fluid (P=0.011). Following intra-articular injection of His-SDC4, condylar cartilage thickness, percentage of SO-positive area, and percentage of Col-Ⅱ-positive area all decreased (all P<0.001); the synovitis score increased (P=0.006), and the percentages of IL-6- and TNF-α-positive cells in the synovium increased (all P<0.001). In vitro experiments showed that His-SDC4 stimulation significantly upregulated the expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in both synovial fibroblasts and condylar chondrocytes (all P<0.01), and the levels of these two cytokines in the culture supernatants also significantly increased (all P<0.01).
Conclusion
During TMJOA progression, the level of sSDC4 in the synovial fluid is significantly elevated, which can directly stimulate synovial fibroblasts and condylar chondrocytes to secrete more pro-inflammatory cytokines, forming a vicious cycle that accelerates TMJOA progression.
3.Association between screening myopia and mixed exposure to air pollution among primary school students in four cities in China
LIU Feng, LI Tingting, TAO Shuman, ZOU Liwei, TAO Fangbiao, WU Xiaoyan
Chinese Journal of School Health 2026;47(5):714-718
Objective:
To investigate the association between screening detected myopia in primary school students and mixed exposure to air pollutants, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents.
Methods:
From May to July 2023, a cluster random sampling method was used to select 15 102 primary school students in grades 3 through 6 from Hefei, Zhongshan, Shenyang, and Nanchang citys. Data were collected through questionnaires, distance vision screening, and computerized refraction. Monthly average concentration data for particulate matter (PM 10 ), fine particulate matter (PM 2. 5), NO 2 and SO 2 were used to calculate the annual average pollutant concentrations for primary school students. Quantile g computation model was employed to analyze the association between mixed exposure to air pollutants and screening detected myopia.
Results:
The differences in concentrations of the four pollutants among cities were statistically significant ( H =12 886.0, 13 285.0, 8 559.0, 13 181.0, all P <0.01). In the overall sample, there was no statistically significant association between combined exposure to air pollutants and the risk of myopia ( β=0.033, 95%CI=-0.004-0.072, P =0.08). Stratified analysis by outdoor activity time showed that among primary school students with outdoor activity time ≤1 h/d, mixed exposure to air pollutants was positively associated with the risk of myopia ( β=0.050, 95%CI=0.002-0.099, P =0.04); after stratification by city, combined exposure to air pollutants was significantly associated with the risk of myopia among primary school students in Nanchang and Shenyang [ β (95% CI )= 0.232(0.175-0.289), 0.080(0.006-0.155), both P <0.05], whereas no statistically significant association was observed among primary school students in Hefei and Zhongshan [ β (95% CI )=-0.010(-0.071-0.051), -0.032(-0.167-0.102), both P > 0.05 ].
Conclusions
Exposure to multiple air pollutants may increase the risk of myopia in primary school students, with the risk influenced by time spent outdoors and geographical location. It is recommended that outdoor activity management for children be strengthened in areas with higher air pollution levels, and that environmental factors be incorporated into comprehensive myopia prevention and control strategies.
4.Research on the mechanism of Chaiqi yigan granules against liver cancer via the ferroptosis pathway
Bowen LIU ; Guiping MA ; Feng LI ; Xiaobin LI ; Fenping LU ; Xu PANG ; Shiping HU
China Pharmacy 2026;37(10):1272-1276
OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of Chaiqi yigan granules (CQYG) against liver cancer through the ferroptosis pathway. METHODS Network pharmacology combined with ferroptosis-related database was used to screen key targets and main effective components of CQYG against liver cancer via regulating ferroptosis; molecular docking technology was employed to analyze the binding ability of main active components to key targets. Human liver Huh-7 cells were divided into blank serum control (CON) group, CQYG drug-containing serum (CQYGKL) group, ferroptosis inducer (RSL3) group, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitor (RMC-5552) group, mTORC1 agonist (CCT007093) group, and CCT007093+CQYGKL group. The levels of Fe 2+ , malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) in the cells were detected in the former three groups; mRNA expressions of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), protein expressions of SREBP1 and SCD1 as well as phosphorylation levels of mTOR and ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K) proteins were detected in all groups. RESULTS Key targets of CQYG for anti-liver cancer through the ferroptosis pathway were mTOR, SREBP1, SCD1,etc. The main active components included quercetin, tanshinone Ⅱ A , baicalein, etc. The binding energies of main active components to key targets were all less than -5 kJ/mol. Compared with CON group, the levels of Fe 2+ and MDA in the cells in CQYGKL group and RSL3 group were significantly increased, while the levels of GSH were significantly decreased ( P <0.05). mRNA expressions of mTOR, SREBP1 and SCD1, protein expressions of SREBP1 and SCD1, as well as the phosphorylation levels of mTOR and S6K proteins were significantly decreased in the CQYGKL group, RSL3 group, and RMC-5552 group, whereas all the above indicators were significantly increased in the CCT007093 group ( P <0.05). Compared with CCT007093 group, the changes in all the above indicators were significantly suppressed in the CCT007093+CQYGKL group ( P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS CQYG may induce ferroptosis by inhibiting mTORC1/SREBP1/SCD1 axis, thereby exerting anti-liver cancer effects.
5.Effect of Pibai Yucuo Formula (枇柏愈痤方) on Inflammatory Response in Lesional Tissue and Skin Barrier Damage in Acne Model Mice
Yunni LIU-TANG ; Yutong DENG ; Gaiying HE ; Huishang FENG ; Xuewen REN ; Yimei FANG ; Xuewan WANG ; Yatong LI ; Lingling CAI ; Yuanwen LI
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2026;67(11):1211-1219
ObjectiveTo investigate the possible mechanism of Pibai Yucuo Formula (枇柏愈痤方, PYF) in treating acne from the perspective of skin barrier damage. MethodsThirty-two mice were randomly divided into blank group, model group, minocycline group, and PYF group, with 8 mice in each group. Except for the blank group, mice were induced by intradermal injection of Cutibacterium acnes (C.acnes) combined with topical application of artificial sebum to establish acne model. The blank group and model group received intragastric administration of 0.2 ml of distilled water, while the PYF group received intragastric administration of 22.75 g/(kg·d)of PYF, and the minocycline group received 0.013 g/(kg·d)of minocycline suspension, all once daily for 5 consecutive days. On day 0 and day 6 of the experiment, the body weight of mice in each group was recorded, and the absolute value of the body weight difference during the experiment was calculated. Skin conditions were assessed with multifunctional skin imaging system on the 2nd, 4th and 6th day of the experiment. Skin barrier function indicators including transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and the water content of the stratum corneum and epidermis on day 0, 2, 4 and 6 of the experiment. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to observe stratum corneum and skin thickness on the 1st, 3rd and 5th day of the experiment. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe histopathological changes, while ELISA was used to detect interleukin-17A (IL-17A) levels, and immunofluorescence staining was used to assess skin barrier-related proteins filaggrin (FLG) and loricrin (LOR) levels of skin lesions on day 6 of the experiment. ResultsCompared to the blank group, the model group showed a decrease in body weight on day 6, and an increase in the absolute value of the difference in body weight before and after the experiment (P<0.05). On day 4 and 6, TEWL values increased, while water content in the skin stratum corneum and epidermis decreased (P<0.05), accompanied by elevated IL-17A level and reduced immunofluorescence intensity of FLG and LOR proteins (P<0.05). The model group mice showed papules or pustules at the skin modeling site with progressively worsening desquamation under multifunctional skin imaging system. OCT revealed focal epidermal protrusions, blurred epidermal-dermal boundaries, and disorganized structural layers. HE staining showed significant epidermal hyperkeratosis and incomplete keratinization in the skin, with keratin plug formation in hair follicles and glandular lumens, thickened stratum corneum, hyperplasia of the stratum spinosum, as well as dense dermal inflammatory cell infiltration, and capillary dilation. Compared to the model group, both the minocycline group and the PYF group showed a reduced difference in body weight before and after experiment (P<0.05). On day 4 and 6, the TEWL value decreased, and water content of the skin stratum corneum increased (P<0.05); on day 6, the IL-17A level in the skin lesions decreased and immunofluorescence intensity of FLG and LOR proteins increased (P<0.05). On day 4 and 6, the severity of the skin lesions and range of redness and swelling were lighter than those in the model group, with reverted epidermal thickness, smoother surface and clearer epidermis-dermis boundary. HE staining showed that the degree of skin keratinization was reduced, and the inflammatory infiltration and vascular dilation in the dermis were improved compared to the model group. The PYF group showed better results than the minocycline group in reducing TEWL value on day 4 (P<0.05). ConclusionPYF may improve inflammation and skin barrier damage by downregulating IL-17A levels in lesion tissue and increasing skin barrier-related proteins, which could be one of the potential mechanism of action on acne.
6.Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of and trends in disease burden of dengue fever in China from 2005 to 2024
Lianfang FENG ; Meng SHANG ; Jiarong REN ; Xiaoxu WANG ; Haoqiang JI ; Xinning HAO ; Jing LI ; Qiyong LIU
Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control 2026;38(2):137-147
Objective To analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of and trends in the disease burden of dengue fever in China from 2005 to 2024, so as to provide insights into formulation of dengue fever control strategies. Methods Data pertaining to dengue fever cases in China from 2005 to 2024 were retrieved from the Infectious Disease Reporting Information System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and city population, gross domestic product (GDP), GDP per capita, and consumer price index in China were captured from the China Statistical Yearbook, National Bureau of Statistics of China, the China City Statistical Yearbook, and bureaus of statistics in each city. The disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) due to dengue fever were calculated in China from 2005 to 2024. The direct and indirect economic burdens of dengue fever were estimated to calculate the total economic burden. The trends in the disease burden of dengue fever were estimated in China from 2005 to 2024 using a Joinpoint regression model with the software Joinpoint 4.9.0.0, and the average annual percent change (AAPC) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. In addition, the DALYs rate and economic burden of dengue fever in China were subjected to global and local spatial autocorrelation analyses using the software ArcGIS 10.8. Results The gross DALYs due to dengue fever were 5 558 person-years in China from 2005 to 2024, and the DALYs of dengue fever increased from 36 person-years in 2005 to 899 person-years in 2024, with an increase of 23.97 folds. The average annual DALYs rate of dengue fever was 0.02 person-years/105 in China during the 20-year study period from 2005 to 2024, and the DALYs rate peaked in 2014 (0.13 person-years/105) and reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to 2022. YLDs were the main contributor of DALYs due to dengue fever in China from 2005 to 2024, with a total of 5 354 person-years, accounting for 96.33% (5 354 person-years/5 558 person-years) of the gross DALYs. The gross DALYs of dengue fever were 2 982 person-years among men (53.66%) and 2 575 person-years among women (46.34%) in China from 2005 to 2024, and high DALYs of dengue fever were measured among residents at ages of 15 to 30 years (1 639 person-years), 30 to 45 years (1 857 person-years), and 45 to 60 years (1 204 person-years), respectively, accounting for 84.56% (4 700 person-years/5 558 person-years) of total DALYs due to dengue fever in China. The total economic burden of dengue fever was estimated to be 612 million Yuan in China from 2005 to 2024, with an average annual economic burden of 30.584 million Yuan. The economic burden of dengue fever increased from 196 000 Yuan in 2005 to 121 million Yuan in 2024 in China, with an increase of 616.35 folds, and the per capita economic burden increased from 3 322.21 Yuan in 2005 to 4 940.01 Yuan in 2024, with an increase of 48.70%. Dengue fever cases were reported in 274 cities (counties) across 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) in China from 2005 to 2024, with relatively higher DALYs in Guangdong Province and Yunnan Province. Spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed that the disease burden of dengue fever appeared positive aggregation in Chinese cities (counties) from 2005 to 2024 (global Moran’s I = 0.045, Z = 2.24, P < 0.05), with high-high clusters mainly concentrated in the Pearl River Delta region in Guangdong Province and Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture and Pu’er City in Yunnan Province, and the total economic burden (global Moran’s I = 0.032, Z = 9.55, P < 0.001), per capita economic burden (global Moran’s I = 0.208, Z = 27.34, P < 0.001), and the proportion of total economic burdens in GDP in 2024 (global Moran’s I = 0.017, Z = 5.91, P < 0.001) all presented positive aggregation, with relatively higher total economic burdens mainly concentrated in Guangdong Province and Yunnan Province. Joinpoint regression analysis showed that the gross DALYs rates of dengue fever appeared an overall tendency towards a rise in China from 2005 to 2024 (AAPC = 16.24%, P = 0.029), and the DALYs rate presented an overall tendency towards a rise among both men (AAPC = 14.75%, P = 0.028) and women (AAPC = 14.93%, P = 0.037) during the study period. The per capita direct economic burden appeared an overall tendency towards a rise among dengue fever patients in China from 2005 to 2024 (AAPC = 2.16%, P = 0.012); however, there was no significant difference in the trends in the per capita indirect economic burden (AAPC = 0.46%, P = 0.470). In addition, the DALYs rate of dengue fever appeared a tendency towards a rise in 84.67% (232/274) of cities (counties) in China from 2005 to 2024, and the per capita economic burden appeared a tendency towards a rise in 85.40% (234/274) of cities (counties), while the DALYs rate and per capita economic burden of dengue fever appeared a tendency towards a rise in 77.01% (211/274) of cities (counties). Conclusions The disease burden of dengue fever significantly increased in China from 2005 to 2024. It is recommended to reinforce integrated dengue fever control in high-risk areas and among high-risk populations, and to improve the surveillance of imported dengue fever cases and vector control.
7.Acupuncture Treatment for Severe Bell's Palsy and Its Impact on Serum GDNF and NGF:A Randomized Controlled Trial
Li MA ; Xiaonan LI ; Chenyang SU ; Juanjuan FENG ; Jingyi LIU ; Haoyi QIAO ; Peng BAI
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2026;67(12):1297-1304
ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of acupuncture in treating severe Bell's palsy and to explore its potential mechanism by investigating the effect on serum levels of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF). MethodsA randomized, subject-blinded, sham-acupuncture controlled trial was conducted. A total of 130 patients with severe Bell's palsy were randomly allocated into a treatment group or a control group at a 1∶1 ratio. Both groups received conventional western medicine. In addition, the treatment group received acupuncture, while the control group received sham acupuncture, with each session lasting 30 minutes. The treatment course lasted 8 weeks for both groups, followed by a follow-up assessment at week 12. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients achieving House-Brackmann (H-B) grade Ⅱ or lower at week 8. Secondary outcomes included Sunnybrook facial grading system scores at week 0, 4, 8, and 12, the time to satisfactory recovery(the time required to achieve H-B grade≤Ⅱ), distribution of H-B grades and facial disability index (FDI) scores including the physical function subscale (FDIP) and social/well-being function subscale (FDIS) scores at week 0, 4, 8, and 12, and serum GDNF and NGF levels at week 0, 4, and 8. Adverse events and participants' self-assessments of treatment efficacy were also recorded. ResultsA total of 122 participants completed the study, including 62 in the treatment group and 60 in the control group. An intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis was performed, and missing data were handled using the last observation carried forward (LOCF) method. The proportion of patients achieving H-B grade ≤grade Ⅱ at week 8 was 78.5% (51/65) in the treatment group, significantly higher than 49.2% (32/65) in the control group (P<0.05). The Sunnybrook scores, FDIP and FDIS scores increased, while H-B grades decreased at week 4, 8, and 12 in both groups compared to week 0; moreover, improvements in all outcome measures were significantly greater in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). The median time to satisfactory recovery was 6 weeks (95%CI: 5.697-6.303) in the treatment group, significantly shorter than 12 weeks (95%CI: 8.314-15.686) in the control group (P<0.05). Serum levels of GDNF and NGF were significantly higher in the treatment group at weeks 4 and 8 (P<0.05). No serious acupuncture-related adverse events occurred in either group. Adverse events were reported in 5 patients (7.69%) in the treatment group and 4 patients (6.15%) in the control group, with no statistically significant difference between groups (P>0.05). Patients' self-assessment of treatment efficacy after 8 weeks treatment was significantly better in the treatment group (P<0.05). ConclusionAcupuncture can effectively improve facial nerve function and shorten recovery time in patients with severe Bell's palsy, with a favorable safety profile. The therapeutic mechanism may be associated with the upregulation of serum GDNF and NGF levels.
8.Clinical effects and prognostic observation of dapagliflozin in patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease
Lu LI ; Rongrong QIU ; Feng DONG
China Pharmacy 2026;37(11):1457-1461
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy of dapagliflozin in patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease (PH-LHD) and its effect on prognosis, and to provide evidence for its clinical application. METHODS A total of 135 hospitalized patients with PH-LHD admitted to Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital from January 1, 2023 to June 30, 2025 were retrospectively included. According to the treatment regimen, the patients were divided into a control group (74 cases, receiving conventional treatment) and a dapagliflozin group (61 cases, receiving dapagliflozin in addition to conventional treatment). Blood pressure [systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP)], echocardiographic cardiac function parameters [cardiac output, cardiac index, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF), left atrial diameter, and left ventricular wall thickness], inflammatory factors [interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)], brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) were compared between the two groups before treatment and after 12 weeks of treatment. All-cause mortality and the frequency of rehospitalization due to worsening heart failure during follow-up were also compared. RESULTS After 12 weeks of treatment, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, PASP, left atrial diameter, IL-6, hs-CRP, and BNP levels were significantly decreased or shortened in both groups, while cardiac index and 6MWD were significantly increased or prolonged compared with those before treatment ( P <0.05). Cardiac output in the dapagliflozin group was significantly increased compared with that before treatment ( P <0.05). Systolic blood pressure, PASP, left atrial diameter, IL-6, hs-CRP, and BNP levels in the dapagliflozin group were significantly lower or shorter than those in the control group, while cardiac output, cardiac index, and 6MWD were significantly higher or longer than those in the control group ( P <0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in LVEF, RVEF, or left ventricular wall thickness between the two groups ( P >0.05). The median follow-up times in the control group and dapagliflozin group were 17.9 months and 17.3 months, respectively. During follow-up, all-cause mortality in the dapagliflozin group was lower than that i n the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P >0.05); the frequency of rehospitalization due to worsening heart failure was significantly lower than that in the control group ( P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS On the basis of conventional treatment, the addition of dapagliflozin can further reduce pulmonary artery pressure, inflammatory factor levels, and BNP levels in patients with PH-LHD, improve some cardiac function-related parameters and exercise tolerance, and reduce the frequency of rehospitalization due to worsening heart failure.
9.Discussion on Construction of a Multi-Agent "Cross-scale" Collective Decision-making Model for Superior Disease Entities in Sichuan-style Traditional Chinese Medicine
Qiuping CHEN ; Hang ZHOU ; Dan ZHENG ; Baixue LI ; Chenhao LIU ; Ju CHEN ; Jibin LIU ; Quansheng FENG ; JIANGYUMING ; Cen JIANG
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2026;32(14):1-13
At present, the systematic excavation of the clinical experience and academic thought of the Sichuan school of Chinese medicine vis-à-vis its dominant disease entities remains fragmentary, and replicable paradigms are scarce. Confronted with empirical fragmentation, data heterogeneity and decision-making subjectivity, the standardised distillation, inheritance and clinical translation of these distinctive experiences has become a critical bottleneck constraining the development of the Sichuan school. The integration of artificial-intelligence technologies in data processing, pattern recognition and intelligent decision-making has rendered deep mining of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) clinical knowledge and patterns imperative. Constructing an intelligent modern TCM diagnostic-therapeutic-evaluative system is now the obligatory route for inheritance and innovation in Chinese medicine, and simultaneously provides a technological breakthrough for intelligent decision paradigms in the dominant diseases of the Sichuan school. Accordingly, this study adopts the regional academic school as its point of entry, focuses on the dominant diseases of the Sichuan school, and proposes an innovative pathway of "four-dimensional data-multi-modal fusion-multi-agent decision-making". Specifically, four data dimensions are defined and instantiated: (Ⅰ) knowledge from classical medical literature and historical case records. (Ⅱ) objective four-diagnosis phenotypic data. (Ⅲ) master physicians' prescribing regularities. (Ⅳ) characteristic mechanisms of renowned formulae. Leveraging multi-modal data fusion and generative artificial intelligence, the entire causal chain of Famous Physicians and Renowned Formulas is explicated to reconstruct the diagnostic-therapeutic cognitive logic of the regional school. Finally, a multi-agent collective-decision model is established and refined for the dominant diseases of the Sichuan school, capable of generating precise, individualised treatment regimens and thereby advancing an intelligent diagnostic-therapeutic paradigm that delivers more efficient and accurate clinical decision support.
10.Wisdom Inheritance of Distinguished Physicians' Experience Through Integration of Multimodal Data and AIGC: A Case Study on Experience in Diagnosis and Treatment of Lung Cancer with Phlegm-dampness and Blood Stasis Syndrome by Distinguished Traditional Chinese Medicine Physicians of Sichuan School
Yang YU ; Yadong MU ; Wenping LIU ; Chongcheng XI ; Li ZHANG ; Yan GAO ; Cen JIANG ; Quansheng FENG
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2026;32(14):14-25
Lung cancer, with persistently high incidence and mortality rates, remains a significant global health challenge. By taking the study on the experience in diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer with phlegm-dampness and blood stasis syndrome by distinguished traditional Chinese medicine physicians of the Sichuan School as an example, the diagnosis and treatment system for lung cancer with phlegm-dampness and blood stasis syndrome, which was formed in response to the humid and foggy environment of the Sichuan Basin, possesses unique value. However, traditional inheritance modes face challenges such as fragmentation, lack of standardization, and insufficient quantification, which hinder the promotion and application of this experience. This research focused on how to leverage multimodal data and artificial intelligence-generated content (AIGC) to achieve precise analysis, intelligent inheritance, and clinical innovation of the experience in diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer with phlegm-dampness and blood stasis syndrome by distinguished traditional Chinese medicine physicians of the Sichuan School. By integrating multimodal data (encompassing four diagnostic methods of traditional Chinese medicine, modern medical imaging, clinical laboratory tests, molecular biology, and regional environmental information), a precise diagnosis and treatment system integrating macro and micro perspectives for the "disease, syndrome, and pathogenesis" was constructed. The research yielded the following results: (1) In precise syndrome differentiation, the objective quantification of the phlegm-dampness and blood stasis syndrome was achieved. By constructing a "four diagnostic methods, imaging, and molecule" correlation model, the study revealed intrinsic links between tongue and pulse parameters and the tumor microenvironment, as well as between regional climatic factors and syndrome characteristics, enabling real-time dynamic monitoring of efficacy. (2) In elucidating patterns, the study systematically explored the syndrome differentiation thoughts of Sichuan School physicians, such as the timing of purgation and tonification. A "pathogenesis, syndrome complex, and prescriptions and herb" network model was constructed, which accurately elucidated the synergistic action mechanisms of core herb pairs and quantified the dynamic compatibility patterns of reinforcing healthy Qi and eliminating pathogenic factors. (3) In intelligent empowerment, an auxiliary system integrating intelligent syndrome differentiation, treatment plan generation, and efficacy evaluation was built. This system can fuse regional characteristics with individual data, dynamically generate and optimize personalized prescriptions aligned with the experience of Sichuan School, and predict efficacy trends and potential adverse reactions. The integration of multimodal data and AIGC can effectively facilitate the structured inheritance and clinical translation of distinguished physicians' experience. The established intelligent diagnosis and treatment model integrating traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine demonstrates clear potential in prolonging patients' progression-free survival, alleviating symptoms, and reducing adverse reactions to treatment. This study provides a referential methodological framework for the traditional Chinese medicine experience in diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, especially the empirical inheritance and modernized development of regional academic schools. It contributes to advancing clinical diagnosis and treatment toward greater precision and personalization.


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