Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common head and neck malignancy. Approximately 50% to 60% of patients with OSCC are diagnosed at a locally advanced stage (clinical staging III-IVa). Even with comprehensive and sequential treatment primarily based on surgery, the 5-year overall survival rate remains below 50%, and patients often suffer from postoperative functional impairments such as difficulties with speaking and swallowing. Programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) inhibitors are increasingly used in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced OSCC and have shown encouraging efficacy. However, clinical practice still faces key challenges, including the definition of indications, optimization of combination regimens, and standards for efficacy evaluation. Based on the latest research advances worldwide and the clinical experience of the expert group, this expert consensus systematically evaluates the application of PD-1 inhibitors in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced OSCC, covering combination strategies, treatment cycles and surgical timing, efficacy assessment, use of biomarkers, management of special populations and immune related adverse events, principles for immunotherapy rechallenge, and function preservation strategies. After multiple rounds of panel discussion and through anonymous voting using the Delphi method, the following consensus statements have been formulated: 1) Neoadjuvant therapy with PD-1 inhibitors can be used preoperatively in patients with locally advanced OSCC. The preferred regimen is a PD-1 inhibitor combined with platinum based chemotherapy, administered for 2-3 cycles. 2) During the efficacy evaluation of neoadjuvant therapy, radiographic assessment should follow the dual criteria of Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 and immune RECIST (iRECIST). After surgery, systematic pathological evaluation of both the primary lesion and regional lymph nodes is required. For combination chemotherapy regimens, PD-L1 expression and combined positive score need not be used as mandatory inclusion or exclusion criteria. 3) For special populations such as the elderly (≥ 70 years), individuals with stable HIV viral load, and carriers of chronic HBV/HCV, PD-1 inhibitors may be used cautiously under the guidance of a multidisciplinary team (MDT), with close monitoring for adverse events. 4) For patients with a poor response to neoadjuvant therapy, continuation of the original treatment regimen is not recommended; the subsequent treatment plan should be adjusted promptly after MDT assessment. Organ transplant recipients and patients with active autoimmune diseases are not recommended to receive neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor therapy due to the high risk of immune related activation. Rechallenge is generally not advised for patients who have experienced high risk immune related adverse events such as immune mediated myocarditis, neurotoxicity, or pneumonitis. 5) For patients with a good pathological response, individualized de escalation surgery and function preservation strategies can be explored. This consensus aims to promote the standardized, safe, and precise application of neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor strategies in the management of locally advanced OSCC patients.

Objective To investigate the current status of cognitive impairment and its influencing factors in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to explore effective intervention strategies. Methods A total of 380 patients with AD diagnosed in the Qingdao Central Hospital were retrospectively enrolled between January 2023 and January 2025. According to scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the patients were divided into a mild cognitive impairment group (21-25 points) and a moderate to severe impairment group (<21 points). The general clinical data in the two groups were collected. The influencing factors of moderate to severe cognitive impairment were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Among the 380 AD patients, 157 cases (41.32%) had mild cognitive impairment, and 223 cases (58.68%) had moderate to severe cognitive impairment. Compared with the mild cognitive impairment group, the moderate to severe cognitive impairment group had a higher proportion of patients who were aged ≥ 75 years, engaged in physical labor, had a disease course of ≥5 years, and had moderate to severe atrophy on head CT examination (P < 0.05). Age ≥75 years, disease course ≥5 years, and moderate to severe atrophy on head CT were independent risk factors of moderate to severe cognitive impairment in AD patients (P<0.05). Conclusion Cognitive impairment is closely related to age, disease course and head CT manifestations in AD patients. Interventions targeting these key factors are expected to delay cognitive decline and improve patients' quality of life.

ObjectiveAngelicae Sinensis Radix， a commonly used medicinal herb with both medicinal and edible properties， is frequently adulterated in the market， severely affecting the clinical efficacy of preparations. While qualitative identification techniques for adulterants and counterfeits are now relatively mature， quantitative detection methods for adulterated processed products remain unexplored. Quantitative detection research of Angelicae Sinensis Radix and its primary closely related adulterant， "Tu Danggui" （Angelica gigas）， was conducted to establish a herbal quantitative molecular detection （Herb-Q） method for Angelicae Sinensis Radix and its processed products， providing a model for the establishment of quantitative detection technologies for Angelicae Sinensis Radix and related health products. MethodsThe specific single-nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） loci of Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Angelica gigas Nakai were screened based on the complete chloroplast genome sequence. The specific SNP loci of Angelicae Sinensis Radix were selected for quantitative methodological investigations （linearity， limit of quantification， limit of detection， and reproducibility） by mixing the powder of the herbs with different adulteration ratios. Huoxue Zhitong powder with three distinct adulteration ratios （15%， 25%， and 35%） was utilized to ascertain the precision of the Herb-Q method for the quantitative detection of Chinese patent medicines containing Angelicae Sinensis Radix. ResultsBy comparing the 123 chloroplast genome sequences of Angelicae Sinensis Radix， based on the principles of intraspecies conservation， interspecies specificity， and meeting the requirements of pyrophosphate high-throughput sequencing， it was determined that 9 674^th locus （A/G） in the chloroplast genome sequence NC_042826.1 and 38 592^nd locus （T/C） in the chloroplast genome sequence NC_029393.1 could be the exclusive molecular identification loci of Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Angelica gigas Nakai， respectively. The linear relationship R² of the Herb-Q method established by selecting the specific 9 674^th locus （A/G） of Angelicae Sinensis Radix was 0.997 4 （R²>0.99）， indicating an excellent linear relationship. The limits of quantification and detection were established at 2.0%， exhibiting excellent reproducibility ［relative standard deviation（RSD）<2.0%］. The established quantitative system based on the Herb-Q method detected the adulteration amount of counterfeit A. gigas in the Huoxue Zhitong powder， with an average deviation of 1.3% for three molecular quantitative replicates. ConclusionThis research demonstrates that the Herb-Q quantitative detection method established based on the 9 674^th locus （A/G） in the chloroplast genome sequence NC_042826.1 of Angelicae Sinensis Radix has good applicability， objectivity， and accuracy for Angelicae Sinensis Radix and A. gigas， and its processed products. This method has the capacity to provide technical support for the quantitative detection of commercially available Angelicae Sinensis Radix derivatives， including traditional Chinese medicinal preparations， dietary supplements， and nutraceuticals.

ObjectiveAngelicae Sinensis Radix， a commonly used medicinal herb with both medicinal and edible properties， is frequently adulterated in the market， severely affecting the clinical efficacy of preparations. While qualitative identification techniques for adulterants and counterfeits are now relatively mature， quantitative detection methods for adulterated processed products remain unexplored. Quantitative detection research of Angelicae Sinensis Radix and its primary closely related adulterant， "Tu Danggui" （Angelica gigas）， was conducted to establish a herbal quantitative molecular detection （Herb-Q） method for Angelicae Sinensis Radix and its processed products， providing a model for the establishment of quantitative detection technologies for Angelicae Sinensis Radix and related health products. MethodsThe specific single-nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） loci of Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Angelica gigas Nakai were screened based on the complete chloroplast genome sequence. The specific SNP loci of Angelicae Sinensis Radix were selected for quantitative methodological investigations （linearity， limit of quantification， limit of detection， and reproducibility） by mixing the powder of the herbs with different adulteration ratios. Huoxue Zhitong powder with three distinct adulteration ratios （15%， 25%， and 35%） was utilized to ascertain the precision of the Herb-Q method for the quantitative detection of Chinese patent medicines containing Angelicae Sinensis Radix. ResultsBy comparing the 123 chloroplast genome sequences of Angelicae Sinensis Radix， based on the principles of intraspecies conservation， interspecies specificity， and meeting the requirements of pyrophosphate high-throughput sequencing， it was determined that 9 674^th locus （A/G） in the chloroplast genome sequence NC_042826.1 and 38 592^nd locus （T/C） in the chloroplast genome sequence NC_029393.1 could be the exclusive molecular identification loci of Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Angelica gigas Nakai， respectively. The linear relationship R² of the Herb-Q method established by selecting the specific 9 674^th locus （A/G） of Angelicae Sinensis Radix was 0.997 4 （R²>0.99）， indicating an excellent linear relationship. The limits of quantification and detection were established at 2.0%， exhibiting excellent reproducibility ［relative standard deviation（RSD）<2.0%］. The established quantitative system based on the Herb-Q method detected the adulteration amount of counterfeit A. gigas in the Huoxue Zhitong powder， with an average deviation of 1.3% for three molecular quantitative replicates. ConclusionThis research demonstrates that the Herb-Q quantitative detection method established based on the 9 674^th locus （A/G） in the chloroplast genome sequence NC_042826.1 of Angelicae Sinensis Radix has good applicability， objectivity， and accuracy for Angelicae Sinensis Radix and A. gigas， and its processed products. This method has the capacity to provide technical support for the quantitative detection of commercially available Angelicae Sinensis Radix derivatives， including traditional Chinese medicinal preparations， dietary supplements， and nutraceuticals.

Background Climate change poses a significant threat to public health. In China, relevant health intervention research is still in its early stages, and evidence for evaluating the effectiveness of regional climate change health adaptation strategies and measures is scarce. Objective To investigate the level of climate change-related health literacy among residents in Shenzhen, implement targeted health interventions, and assess the intervention effects as well as their influencing factors. Methods From July 2023 to January 2024, 4 communities were randomly selected in Shenzhen, and a total of 896 community residents were enrolled and divided into an intervention group (444 participants) and a control group (452 participants). Baseline and follow-up surveys on climate change-related health literacy were conducted among residents for both groups. During the period between the two surveys, the intervention group received targeted health interventions. Health literacy—comprising 3 dimensions: basic health knowledge and concepts, basic health skills, and healthy lifestyles—was defined as achieving ≥80% of the total score. A differences-in-differences model was adopted to analyze the impact of the intervention, and multiple linear regression was used to explore the factors influencing the intervention effect. Results The baseline survey showed that 240 out of the 896 surveyed residents (26.79%) possessed climate change health literacy. For the 3 dimensions, the number of residents and the proportions with corresponding literacy in descending order were: basic health skills (521, 58.15%), healthy lifestyles (345, 38.50%), and basic health knowledge and concepts (44, 4.91%). After the intervention, the intervention group showed a 3.19% increase in the total health literacy score, a 3.55% increase in basic health knowledge and concepts, and a 4.24% increase in basic health skills (t=2.79, 2.77, and 2.47 respectively) (P<0.05). No significant change was observed in healthy lifestyle scores (t=0.70, P>0.05). Further analysis showed that awareness of the “dual carbon goals” and occupation were significantly associated with the intervention effect on overall health literacy (P<0.05). For basic health knowledge and concepts, occupation, history of chronic diseases, and awareness of the “dual carbon goals” had statistically significant effects on the intervention outcomes (P<0.05). Regarding basic health skills, awareness of the “dual carbon goals” significantly influenced the intervention effect (P<0.001). In terms of healthy lifestyles, gender, educational level, occupation, and awareness of climate change were significantly associated with the intervention effect (P<0.05). Conclusion The climate change-related health literacy among community residents in Shenzhen is in urgent need of improvement. Health interventions can effectively enhance residents' basic health knowledge and concepts, basic health skills, and overall literacy level. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the popularization of climate change health knowledge based on different population characteristics and further optimize intervention strategies, to comprehensively improve residents' health adaptation capacity to climate change.

Background/Aims: Liver transplantation (LT) following total hepatectomy is a life-saving treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The HCC recurrence after LT hinders the effectiveness of the procedure. The objective of this study is to develop a pre-operative risk stratification model based on a liquid biopsy. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive multi-omics study of 260 HCC patients from three centers, including clinical data, low-coverage whole-genome sequencing of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from plasma, as well as whole-exome, single-nucleus RNA, and spatial transcriptomics from matched tumor and non-tumor tissues. Results: We identified cfDNA-derived copy number alteration (CNA) signatures associated with post-transplant recurrence. By integrating cfDNA-derived CNA profiles with single-cell transcriptomic data, we traced recurrence-associated cfDNA to a distinct subpopulation of malignant cells within the primary tumor. These cells were embedded in a pro-metastatic microenvironment of specialized endothelial subtypes and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Notably, most recurrence-associated lesions were detectable in cfDNA prior to liver transplantation (LT). Building on these insights, we developed the ZJU Criteria based on CNA fragments and tumor markers, a pre-LT risk prediction tool that integrates conventional clinical factors with cfDNA-derived CNA signatures, and validated it using internal and independent external cohorts. Conclusion Our findings suggest that post-transplant recurrence commonly originates from advanced subclones that emerge late during tumor evolution. The ZJU Criteria provides an accurate, non-invasive strategy that significantly improves pre-LT risk stratification and clinical decision-making for patients with HCC.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for postoperative recurrence and metastasis in patients with T1 stageⅢ/Ⅳ clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC), and to analyze the influence of surgical methods on prognosis, so as to provide prognostic evaluation and treatment guidance for clinical practice. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 398 patients diagnosed with T1 stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ ccRCC who underwent either partial nephrectomy(PN)or radical nephrectomy(RN)at Jiangsu Province Hospital during Jan. 2008 and Sep. 2022. The patients were divided into recurrence group(n=49)and non-recurrence group(n=349)according to whether the tumor recurred during the follow-up period. The general, clinical data and prognosis were compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to explore the factors influencing disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS)after surgery. Subgroup analysis using Kaplan-Meier curves was performed for T1a and T1b patients. Results During the median follow-up of 67(42, 98)months, the recurrence group was characterized by older age, larger tumor diameter, higher proportion of T1b stage, and more complex tumor anatomy. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that age ≥55 years and R.E.N.A.L. score ≥7 were independent risk factors for poorer DFS and OS(P＜0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed that PN or RN did not significantly affect DFS or OS in T1a patients and OS in T1b patients, while RN significantly improved DFS in T1b patients(P＜0.05). Conclusion Age ≥55 years and R.E.N.A.L. score ≥7 are independent risk factors for poor DFS and OS in highgrade T1 ccRCC patients. For T1b patients, RN may improve DFS.

Objective To investigate the expression of six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 4 (STEAP4) in prostate cancer (PCa), explore its correlation with the infiltration of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and CD8+T cells within the tumor-infiltrating T lymphocyte population, and to predict the potential role of STEAP4 in promoting PCa progression. Methods The clinicopathological data and tumor tissue specimens were collected from 90 PCa patients undergoing radical prostatectomy at our hospital during Jan.2018 and Dec.2024.The protein expressions of STEAP4, forkhead box transcription factor P3 (FoxP3), and CD8+T cells in tumor tissues were detected with immunohistochemistry.The correlation between STEAP4 expression and the infiltration of Tregs (FoxP3 T cells), CD8+T cells and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed.The relationship between STEAP4 expression and prognosis was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Results STEAP4 expression was significantly higher in PCa tissues than in adjacent benign tissues (P＜0.001).STEAP4 expression was significantly associated with serum total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) level, seminal vesicle invasion, extraprostatic extension, International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grading, and pathological T stage (all P＜0.05).The mean infiltration density of Tregs (FoxP3 T cells) in PCa tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent benign tissues[ (11.09±5.05) cells/HPF vs. (3.92±1.59) cells/HPF, P＜0.001], while the mean infiltration density of CD8+T cells was significantly lower[ (6.07±2.90) cells/HPF vs. (27.23±6.75) cells/HPF, P＜0.001].In PCa tissues, STEAP4 expression showed a significant positive correlation with Treg (FoxP3 T cells) infiltration density (r_s=0.472, P＜0.001) and a significant negative correlation with CD8+T-cell infiltration density (r_s=-0.495, P＜0.001).Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that high STEAP4 expression group and low STEAP4 expression group in PCa patients was not correlated with overall survival (OS) or recurrence-free survival (P=0.562, 0.346). Conclusion STEAP4 is highly expressed in PCa tissues, and its expression is closely associated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, particularly Tregs and CD8+T cells, suggesting that STEAP4 may cooperate with Tregs and CD8+T cells to regulate the tumor microenvironment, thereby promoting PCa progression.

On the occasion of the 110th Anniversary of the establishment of the Chinese Medical Association, the third conference of the Fourth Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Digestive Surgery, and the Second Elite Group of Chinese Journal of Digestive Surgery, was successfully held in Kunming on July 4, 2025. This conference systematically summarizes the development experience of the journal over the past 20 years from three aspects: the role of ecological construction of thought in the discipline construction of digestive surgery, the display of the latest academic achievements in the field of digestive surgery, the development difficulties, and breakthrough paths of the discipline, and strategically plans the path of discipline construction in the new era.

Objective To analyze the correlation between the Patellotrochlear index at different knee flexion angles and recurrent patellar dislocation,and to find the optimal knee flexion angle and the best diagnostic cut-off value for predicting recurrent patellar dislocation.Methods A total of 35 patients clinically diagnosed with recurrent patellar dislocation(study group)were selected.The lengths of the central sagittal plane of the patellar cartilage and the corresponding femoral trochlear cartilage were measured at knee flexion angles ranging from 0° to 70°,in 10° increments.The Patellotrochlear index was calculated and compared with the MRI data from 55 healthy volunteers(control group).Results The Patellotrochlear index in the study group and the control group showed a positive correlation with the knee flexion angle(r=0.935 and 0.909,P＜0.001).Statistically significant differences were found between the two groups at knee flexion angles of 0°,10°,20°,30°,and 40°(t=7.480,5.742,5.200,3.558,4.271,P＜0.05).The predictive efficacy of the Patellotrochlear index for recurrent patellar dislocation varied at different knee flexion angles,with the area under the curve(AUC)and the best diagnostic cut-off values of 0.891,0.834,0.778,0.710,0.741 and 0.195,0.323,0.486,0.606,0.712,respectively.Conclusion There are significant differences in the Patellotrochlear index at different knee flexion angles.A knee flexion angle of 0° is the optimal knee flexion angle for the Patellotrochlear index to predict recurrent patellar dislocation,with a recommended best diagnostic cut-off value of 0.195.