Medical ultrasound technology is widely used for diagnosis and therapy in clinical practice.Ultrasound probes,which are directly contact with patients,pose a potential risk of pathogen transmission.This expert consen-sus was developed by a multidisciplinary team based on international guidelines,standards in China,and the results of a national survey,aiming to reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infection through standardizing reprocessing of medical ultrasound probes,and formulating consensus recommendations with the Delphi method.The consensus clarifies the reprocessing principles for three types of ultrasound probes of different infection risks:external-use ul-trasound probes,interventional percutaneous ultrasound probes,and internal-use ultrasound probes,puts forward systematic suggestions on the reprocessing standards and disinfection levels of ultrasound probe isolation covers and coupling agents,the reprocessing procedures and methods of ultrasound probes,as well as architectural layout and management of reprocessing,so as to provide a scientific prevention and control framework for ensuring ultrasound diagnosis and therapy safety.

OBJECTIVE To explore the APOA5 gene polymorphisms,serum lipase(LPS),soluble programmed death ligand 1(sPD-L1)and procalcitonin(PCT)in the severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)patients with secondary infectious pancreatic necrosis(IPN).METHODS A total of 122 patients with SAP who were treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from Jan.2020 to Nov.2023 were recruited as the research subjects and were divided into the secondary group with 31 cases and the non-secondary group with 91 cases according to the status of secondary IPN.The APOA5 gene polymorphisms were detected for the two groups of patients by means of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP).The levels of LPS,sPD-L1 and PCT as well as Ranson score were compared between he two groups.The association of the serum LPS,sPD-L1 and PCT with Ranson score was observed by Spearman analysis.The value of the joint detection of LPS,sPD-L1 and PCT in diagnosis of secondary IPN in the SAP patients was analyzed by means of receiver oper-ating characteristic(ROC)curves.RESULTS The frequencies of AA genotype and A allele at rs619054 locus of APOA5 gene were higher in the secondary group than in the non-secondary group(P＜0.05),and the frequency of G allele of the secondary group was lower than that of the non-secondary group(P＜0.05).There were significant differences in the levels of serum LPS,sPD-L1 and PCT as well as Ranson score between the secondary group and the non-secondary group(P＜0.05).Spearman analysis showed that the Ranson score was positively correlated with the levels of serum LPS,sPD-L1 and PCT(r=0.738,0.701,0.721,P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis indicated that the area under the curve(AUC)of the joint detection of the three indexes was higher than that of the single detection in diagnosis of secondary IPN in the SAP patients(P＜0.05),with the sensitivity 90.30％,the specifici-ty 84.60％.CONCLUSIONS The SAP patients with secondary IPN show the high expressions of LPS,sPD-L1 and PCT.The joint detection of the indexes may facilitate the diagnosis of the secondary IPN in the SAP patients.There is association between the levels of LPS,sPD-L1 and PCT and the Ranson score.The rs619054 locus of APOA5 gene may be involved in pathogenesis of secondary IPN in the SAP patients.

Objective To preliminarily explore the safety of collecting colostrum in the third trimester,and to evaluate postpartum breastfeeding in pregnant women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy.Methods Pregnant women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy who had prenatal examinations in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Fudan University from Jul to Nov 2022 were prospectively divided into the colostrum collection group(n=52)in the third trimester and the control group(n=55)by randomized controlled grouping method.The t-test,χ2 test,Fisher's exact probability method and rank sum test were used for statistical analysis of the data to compare the delivery outcomes,neonatal outcomes and postpartum breastfeeding status between the two groups.Results There were no significant differences in the gestational weeks at delivery,delivery methods,breastfeeding rates at 42 days postpartum and 4 months postpartum between the two groups of pregnant women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy.There were also no significant differences in the Apgar scores at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth and the neonatal hospitalization rate.The proportion of formula milk as the first supplementary feeding after delivery and the delayed lactation rate at 3 days postpartum in the colostrum collection group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The exclusive breastfeeding rates at 24 hours postpartum and 3 days postpartum in the colostrum collection group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Collecting colostrum in the third trimester among pregnant women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy is safe,and it can reduce the rate of supplementary feeding with formula milk after delivery,and increase the exclusive breastfeeding rates at 24 hours postpartum and 3 days postpartum.

The SVA and different serotypes of VSV(VSNJV and VSIV)are susceptible to infect pigs and cause blister injuries to the lips and hoof of pigs.The clinical symptoms of diseases caused by these viruses are very similar,which is easy to cause misdiagnosis.Therefore,a multiplex nano-PCR method was developed for the simultaneous defection of VSV,VSNJV and VSIV.In this stud-y,three pairs of specific primers were designed according to the SVA-P gene,VSNJV-N gene and VSIV-N gene.The optimal annealing temperature and optimal primer concentration were tested,and the reaction system and conditions were optimized.We have developed a novel,rapid and sensitive multiple nano-PCR detection method for simultaneous detection of SVA,VSNJV and VSIV,which was developed by using nano-metal materials.The specific test results showed that the method could specifically amplify the target genes of SVA,VSNJV and VSIV,with no cross-reactivity to PRV,ASFV,PCV2 and PHEV.The sensitivity test results showed that the minimum nucleic acid detection of the method was 10 copies/μL,which sensitivity was great.In addition,the optimal primers showed good reactivity and stability to different batches of enzymes and plasmids.There were 7 among 50 of diseased pig samples were SVA positive by multiple nano-PCR detec-tion method,and 5 out of 50 of diseased pig samples were SVA positive by ordinary single PCR method.Moreover,no VSNJV and VSIV were detected by the two methods.In conclusion,this es-tablished multiple nano-PCR detection method has higher specificity and sensitivity in the detec-tion of SVA,VSNJV and VSIV.And this study could provide technical support for the rapid differ-ential diagnosis,prevention and control of swine viral vesicular diseases in clinical settings.

The definition and classification of noncompressible hemorrhage were introduced.The current status of the application of prehospital hemostatic devices in noncompressible hemorrhage were reviewed,and the indications and methods of use of various types of devices were analyzed.The existing problems of prehospital hemostatic devices were analyzed,and the future development directions were envisioned.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(6):72-82]

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of multimodality-enhanced CT-based radiomics nomogram for muscle-inva-sive bladder urothelial carcinoma.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the preoperative data of 644 patients with pathologically confirmed bladder urothelial carcinoma from three medical centers.Region of interest(ROI)were drawn on preopera-tive contrast-enhanced CT images,and radiomics features were extracted.Patients from medical center 1 were randomly divided into training set and internal validation set in a 7∶3 ratio,while patients from medical centers 2 and 3 were combined as an external val-idation set.The diagnostic performance of the models was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results In the external validation set,the area under the curve(AUC)for diagnosing muscle-invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma using the multi-phase fusion radiomics model was 0.861[95％ confidence interval(CI)0.811-0.911].The nomogram constructed by combi-ning the multi-phase fusion radiomics model with clinical factors achieved an AUC of 0.901(95％ CI 0.862-0.939).Conclusion The nomogram combining multimodality-enhanced CT-based radiomics with clinical factors can effectively diagnose muscle-invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma.

Objective To preliminarily explore the safety of collecting colostrum in the third trimester,and to evaluate postpartum breastfeeding in pregnant women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy.Methods Pregnant women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy who had prenatal examinations in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Fudan University from Jul to Nov 2022 were prospectively divided into the colostrum collection group(n=52)in the third trimester and the control group(n=55)by randomized controlled grouping method.The t-test,χ2 test,Fisher's exact probability method and rank sum test were used for statistical analysis of the data to compare the delivery outcomes,neonatal outcomes and postpartum breastfeeding status between the two groups.Results There were no significant differences in the gestational weeks at delivery,delivery methods,breastfeeding rates at 42 days postpartum and 4 months postpartum between the two groups of pregnant women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy.There were also no significant differences in the Apgar scores at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth and the neonatal hospitalization rate.The proportion of formula milk as the first supplementary feeding after delivery and the delayed lactation rate at 3 days postpartum in the colostrum collection group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The exclusive breastfeeding rates at 24 hours postpartum and 3 days postpartum in the colostrum collection group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Collecting colostrum in the third trimester among pregnant women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy is safe,and it can reduce the rate of supplementary feeding with formula milk after delivery,and increase the exclusive breastfeeding rates at 24 hours postpartum and 3 days postpartum.

The SVA and different serotypes of VSV(VSNJV and VSIV)are susceptible to infect pigs and cause blister injuries to the lips and hoof of pigs.The clinical symptoms of diseases caused by these viruses are very similar,which is easy to cause misdiagnosis.Therefore,a multiplex nano-PCR method was developed for the simultaneous defection of VSV,VSNJV and VSIV.In this stud-y,three pairs of specific primers were designed according to the SVA-P gene,VSNJV-N gene and VSIV-N gene.The optimal annealing temperature and optimal primer concentration were tested,and the reaction system and conditions were optimized.We have developed a novel,rapid and sensitive multiple nano-PCR detection method for simultaneous detection of SVA,VSNJV and VSIV,which was developed by using nano-metal materials.The specific test results showed that the method could specifically amplify the target genes of SVA,VSNJV and VSIV,with no cross-reactivity to PRV,ASFV,PCV2 and PHEV.The sensitivity test results showed that the minimum nucleic acid detection of the method was 10 copies/μL,which sensitivity was great.In addition,the optimal primers showed good reactivity and stability to different batches of enzymes and plasmids.There were 7 among 50 of diseased pig samples were SVA positive by multiple nano-PCR detec-tion method,and 5 out of 50 of diseased pig samples were SVA positive by ordinary single PCR method.Moreover,no VSNJV and VSIV were detected by the two methods.In conclusion,this es-tablished multiple nano-PCR detection method has higher specificity and sensitivity in the detec-tion of SVA,VSNJV and VSIV.And this study could provide technical support for the rapid differ-ential diagnosis,prevention and control of swine viral vesicular diseases in clinical settings.

The definition and classification of noncompressible hemorrhage were introduced.The current status of the application of prehospital hemostatic devices in noncompressible hemorrhage were reviewed,and the indications and methods of use of various types of devices were analyzed.The existing problems of prehospital hemostatic devices were analyzed,and the future development directions were envisioned.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(6):72-82]

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of multimodality-enhanced CT-based radiomics nomogram for muscle-inva-sive bladder urothelial carcinoma.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the preoperative data of 644 patients with pathologically confirmed bladder urothelial carcinoma from three medical centers.Region of interest(ROI)were drawn on preopera-tive contrast-enhanced CT images,and radiomics features were extracted.Patients from medical center 1 were randomly divided into training set and internal validation set in a 7∶3 ratio,while patients from medical centers 2 and 3 were combined as an external val-idation set.The diagnostic performance of the models was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results In the external validation set,the area under the curve(AUC)for diagnosing muscle-invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma using the multi-phase fusion radiomics model was 0.861[95％ confidence interval(CI)0.811-0.911].The nomogram constructed by combi-ning the multi-phase fusion radiomics model with clinical factors achieved an AUC of 0.901(95％ CI 0.862-0.939).Conclusion The nomogram combining multimodality-enhanced CT-based radiomics with clinical factors can effectively diagnose muscle-invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma.