Flavonoids are key bioactive components for evaluating the pharmacological activities of Chimonanthus praecox. Exploring the potential flavonoids and pharmacological mechanisms of C. praecox lays a foundation for the rational development and efficient utilization of this plant. This study employed ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based widely targeted metabolomics to comprehensively identify the flavonoids in C. praecox. Network pharmacology was employed to explore the bioactive flavonoids and their mechanisms of action. Molecular docking was adopted to validate the predicted results. Finally, the content of bioactive flavonoids in different varieties of C. praecox was measured. The widely targeted metabolomics analysis identified 387 flavonoids in C. praecox, and the flavonoids varied among different varieties. Network pharmacology predicted 96 chemical components including 19 bioactive compounds, 181 corresponding targets and 2 504 disease targets, among which 99 targets were shared by the active components and the disease. Thirty-three core targets were predicted, involving 229 gene ontology terms and 99 pathways (P≤0.05), which indicated that the flavonoids components of C. praecox exhibited pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities. Topological analysis screened out five core components (salvigenin, laricitrin, isorhamnetin, quercetin, and 6-hydroxyluteolin) and five core targets (SRC, PIK3R1, AKT1, ESR1, and AKR1C3). The predicted bioactive flavonoids from C. praecox stably bound to key targets, which indicated that these flavonoids possessed potential bioactivities in their interactions with the targets. The flavonoids in C. praecox exerted pharmacological activities in a multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway manner. The combined application of metabolomics and network pharmacology provides a theoretical basis for in-depth studies on the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of C. praecox.
Flavonoids/metabolism* ; Network Pharmacology ; Metabolomics/methods* ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Calycanthaceae/chemistry* ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry*

We studied the genetic diversity and established the DNA molecular identify for Prunus mume with both ornamental and edible values, aiming to collect, identify, evaluate, and breed new varities of this plant and promote the upgrading of the P. mume industry chain in northern China. We employed 13 pairs of primers with good polymorphism, clear bands, and good repeatability to analyze the genetic diversity and establish the molecular identify of 68 germplasm accessions of P. mume with both ornamental and edible values from Xingtai, Hebei Province. We then employed the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) to perform the cluster analysis based on genetic distance. After that, we analyzed the genetic structure of the 68 germplasm accessions based on a Bayesian model. The 13 pairs of SSR primers amplified a total of 124 alleles from 68 P. mume germplasm accessions, with the mean number of alleles (Na) of 9.538 5, the minor allele frequency (MAF) of 0.369 3, the mean number of effective alleles (Ne) of 4.483 5, and the mean Shannon genetic diversity index (I) of 1.712 4. The mean Nei's gene diversity index (H) of 0.763 7, the mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) of 0.719 5, the mean expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.769 3, the mean polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.733 6, and the mean genetic similarity (GS) of 0.772 9 suggested that there were significant genetic differences and rich genetic diversity among the studied P. mume germplasm accessions. The cluster analysis revealed that the 68 accessions were classified into three groups, with the mean genetic distance of 0.622 6. The population structure analysis classified the germplasm accessions into two populations. According to the PIC of primers, we selected primers for combination and constructed the combination with the fewest primers required for germplasm differentiation of P. mume with both ornamental and edible values. This study provides a theoretical basis for the innovation and industrial upgrading of P. mume with both ornamental and edible values in gardening and the improvement of breeding efficiency.
Prunus/classification* ; Microsatellite Repeats/genetics* ; Genetic Variation ; China ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; DNA, Plant/genetics* ; Alleles

Objective To investigate the relationships of the expression of microRNA-487a-3p (miR-487a-3p) and A kinase-interacting protein 1 (AKIP1) mRNA in the endometrial cancer (EC) tissue with the patient survival within 5 years after surgery. Methods The EC tissue and adjacent normal tissue samples were collected from 130 EC patients who underwent surgical treatment at the Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang from September 2016 to April 2019.qRT-PCR was employed to determine the expression levels of miR-487a-3p and AKIP1 mRNA.The patients were followed up for 5 years after surgery to record the survival status.After removal of the patients who missed follow-up,78 surviving patients were recorded as the EC survival group,and 34 deceased patients were recorded as the EC death group.The dual luciferase reporter gene assay was conducted to verify the targeting relationship between miR-487a-3p and AKIP1 mRNA.Comparison was conducted for the expression levels of miR-487a-3p and AKIP1 mRNA between adjacent normal tissue and EC tissue,the expression levels of miR-487a-3p and AKIP1 mRNA in the EC tissue among patients with different clinical pathological parameters,and the clinical pathological parameters and the expression levels of miR-487a-3p and AKIP1 mRNA in the EC tissue between the EC survival group and the EC death group.The correlations of miR-487a-3p and AKIP1 mRNA levels in the EC tissue with the degree of tumor differentiation,International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage,lymph node metastasis,and depth of muscle invasion were analyzed.The relationships of miR-487a-3p and AKIP1 mRNA with patient prognosis and the risk factors affecting the survival of EC patients within 5 years after surgery were analyzed to evaluate the value of miR-487a-3p and AKIP1 mRNA levels in predicting the survival of EC patients within 5 years after survival. Results The EC tissue showed lower miR-487a-3p level (0.41±0.08 vs. 1.00±0.05;t=71.306,P<0.001) and higher AKIP1 mRNA level (2.35±0.37 vs. 1.00±0.03;t=41.465,P<0.001) than the adjacent normal tissue.The miR-487a-3p low expression group and AKIP1 mRNA high expression group had higher proportions of patients with low tumor differentiation,FIGO stage Ⅲ to Ⅳ,lymph node metastasis,and deep invasion of muscle layer than the miR-487a-3p high expression group and AKIP1 mRNA low expression group,respectively (all P<0.05).The results of dual luciferase reporter gene assay showed that the relative activity of luciferase in the miR-487a-3p small interfering RNA (siRNA)+AKIP1 mRNA-wild type (WT) group was higher than that in the miR-487a-3p empty vector+AKIP1 mRNA-WT group (2.85±0.19 vs. 1.00±0.04;t=23.339,P<0.001).There was no significant difference in the relative activity of luciferase between the miR-487a-3p empty vector+AKIP1 mRNA-mutant type (MUT) group and the miR-487a-3p siRNA+AKIP1 mRNA-MUT group (1.04±0.05 vs. 1.05±0.03;t=0.420,P=0.683).MiR-487a-3p in the EC tissue had negative correlations with AKIP1 mRNA,FIGO stage,lymph node metastasis,and depth of muscle invasion and a positive correlation with the degree of tumor differentiation (all P<0.001).AKIP1 mRNA had positive correlations with FIGO stage,lymph node metastasis,and depth of muscle invasion and a negative correlation with the degree of tumor differentiation (all P<0.001).The 5-year overall survival rates in the miR-487a-3p high expression group and AKIP1 mRNA low expression group (89.47% and 84.91%) were higher than those in the miR-487a-3p low expression group and AKIP1 mRNA high expression group (49.09% and 55.93%),respectively (both P<0.05).The EC death group had higher proportions of patients with low tumor differentiation,FIGO stage Ⅲ to Ⅳ,lymph node metastasis,and deep invasion of muscle layer,higher AKIP1 mRNA level in the EC tissue,and lower miR-487a-3p level than the EC survival group (all P<0.05).Low tumor differentiation,FIGO stage Ⅲ to Ⅳ,lymph node metastasis,deep invasion of muscle layer,low miR-487a-3p level,and high AKIP1 mRNA level were independent risk factors for the survival of EC patients within 5 years after surgery (all P<0.05).The area under curve (AUC) values of miR-487a-3p and AKIP1 mRNA alone (0.785 and 0.789,respectively) were lower than that of their combination (0.908) in predicting the survival of EC patients within 5 years after surgery (both P<0.05). Conclusion The EC tissue has a low miR-487a-3p level and a high AKIP1 mRNA level,both of which are correlated with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis and can be used to predict the survival of EC patients within 5 years after surgery.
Humans ; Female ; Endometrial Neoplasms/pathology* ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; RNA, Messenger/genetics* ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics* ; Middle Aged ; Survival Rate ; Nuclear Proteins

BACKGROUND:We have successfully established an animal model of small ear pig in southern Yunnan province with internal tension relieving technique combined with autologous Achilles tendon for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction,and verified the stability and reliability of the model.However,whether internal tension relieving technique can promote the ligamentalization process of autologous Achilles tendon graft has not been studied. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the differences in the process of ligamentalization between conventional reconstruction and internal reduction reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament by gross view,histology and electron microscopy. METHODS:Thirty adult female small ear pigs in southern Yunnan province were selected.Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was performed on the left knee joint with the ipsilateral knee Achilles tendon(n=30 in the normal group),and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was performed on the right knee joint with the ipsilateral knee Achilles tendon combined with the internal relaxation and enhancement system(n=30 in the relaxation group).The autogenous right forelimb was used as the control group;the anterior cruciate ligament was exposed but not severed or surgically treated.At 12,24,and 48 weeks after surgery,10 animals were sacrificed,respectively.The left and right knee joint specimens were taken for gross morphological observation to evaluate the graft morphology.MAS score was used to evaluate the excellent and good rate of the ligament at each time point.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to evaluate the degree of ligament graft vascularization.Collagen fibers and nuclear morphology were observed,and nuclear morphology was scored.Ultrastructural remodeling was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The ligament healing shape of the relaxation group was better at various time points after surgery,and the excellent and good rate of MAS score was higher(P<0.05).Moreover,the relaxation group could obtain higher ligament vascularization score(P<0.05).(2)The arrangement of collagen bundles and fiber bundles in the two groups gradually tended to be orderly,and the transverse fiber connections between collagen gradually increased and thickened,suggesting that the strength and shape degree of the grafts were gradually improved,but the ligament remodeling in the relaxation group was always faster than that in the normal group at various time points after surgery.(3)The diameter,distribution density,and arrangement degree of collagen fibers in the relaxation group were better than those in the normal group at all time points,especially in the comparison of collagen fiber diameter between and within the relaxation group(P<0.05).

Recent studies have shown that the physiological homeostasis of oral mucosal cells is regulated by the circadian clock.Dis-ruption or dysfunction of the circadian clock is closely associated with the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).Research based on the circadian clock offers a novel perspective on the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies for OSCC.However,there is current-ly limited research on this topic,and people generally have insufficient understanding and recognition of the circadian clock.Given the complexity and challenges of circadian clock which is the fourth dimension of medical research,we organize relevant experts based on summarizing the current research results of circadian clock in the pathogenesis and precision diagnosis and treatment of OSCC,combining the scientific principles of the circadian clock's role and their long-term research experience,then summarizes and recommends the con-sensus opinions for the research of circadian clock in the pathogenesis mechanism and precision diagnosis and treatment of human OSCC,with the hope of providing guidance for the basic research and clinical application of circadian clock or circadian rhythm in the pathogene-sis mechanism and precision diagnosis and treatment of oral and maxillofacial squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of comprehensive interventions to pulmonary rehabilitation on preven-tion of ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)in elderly patients undergoing long-term mechanical ventilation.METHODS A total of 154 elderly patients(aged no less than 80 years old)who received long-term me-chanical ventilation(no less than 21 days)in the Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from Nov.2018 to Dec.2024 were recruited as the research subjects and were randomly divided into the comprehen-sive intervention group with 77 cases(routine nursing plus comprehensive interventions to pulmonary rehabilita-tion)and the routine nursing group with 77 cases.RESULTS The incidence of VAP was 12.31％in the comprehen-sive intervention group,30.65％in the routine nursing group(P=0.009);the off-ventilator oxyhemoglobin satu-ration was(92.29±5.78)％in the comprehensive intervention group at the end of observation period,(88.84±4.70)％in the routine nursing group(P＜0.001);the diaphragmatic thickening ratio was(36.78±16.06)％in the comprehensive intervention group,(25.02±19.97)％in the routine nursing group(P＜0.001);the 24-hour ex-pectoration volume was(94.68±26.65)ml in the comprehensive intervention group,(64.61±15.16)ml in the routine nursing group(P＜0.001);all the above indexes were improved.The result of multivariate logistic regres-sion analysis showed that no interventions to pulmonary rehabilitation(OR=2.763,95％CI:1.061 to 7.195)and mechanical ventilation(OR=1.107,95％CI:1.033 to 1.186)were the risk factors for VAP(P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS The comprehensive interventions to pulmonary rehabilitation can remarkably improve the respira-tory function of the elderly patients undergoing mechanical ventilation and reduce the incidence of VAP.The ex-tension of mechanical ventilation may increase the risk of VAP.

Relevant literature on mobile medical devices combined with the ecological momentary assessment(EMA)method applied to lung cancer patient caring was collected from some databases of CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,China Biomedical Literature Database,PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,CINAHL and Web of Science.The method of scoping review was used to sort out the general characteristics of the included literature,types and application of mobile medical devices,assessment content elements and outcome indicators.The feasibility and validity of mobile medical devices combined with the EMA method for the symptom assessment of lung cancer patients were described,whose advantages in monitoring during lung cancer caring and application prospects were elaborated.The problems of mobile medical devices during practical application were pointed out and some countermeasures were put forward accordingly.References were provided for personalized remote caring of lung cancer patients and development of intelligent multi-modal mobile devices.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(10):71-77]

Compounds isolated from Epimedium include the total flavonoids of Epimedium , icariin, and its metabolites (icaritin, icariside I, and icariside II), which have similar molecular structures. Modern pharmacological research and clinical practice have proved that Epimedium and its active components have a wide range of pharmacological effects, especially in improving sexual function, hormone regulation, anti-osteoporosis, immune function regulation, anti-oxidation, and anti-tumor activity. To date, we still need a comprehensive source of knowledge about the pharmacological effects of Epimedium and its bioactive compounds on the male reproductive system. However, their actions in other tissues have been reviewed in recent years. This review critically focuses on the Epimedium , its bioactive compounds, and the biochemical and molecular mechanisms that modulate vital pathways associated with the male reproductive system. Such intrinsic knowledge will significantly further studies on the Epimedium and its bioactive compounds that protect the male reproductive system and provide some guidances for clinical treatment of related male reproductive disorders.
Male ; Epimedium/chemistry* ; Humans ; Genitalia, Male/drug effects* ; Flavonoids/therapeutic use* ; Animals

OBJECTIVES: To study the incidence and disease burden of congenital birth defects in children under five in China from 1990 to 2021 and to predict the incidence of congenital birth defects in this population from 2022 to 2036, providing a reference for the prevention of congenital birth defects in children. METHODS: Using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) database, the incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) were employed to describe the disease burden. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trends in incidence and DALY rates of congenital birth defects in children under five. A grey prediction model GM(1,1) was applied to fit the trend of incidence rates of congenital birth defects in this age group and to predict the incidence from 2022 to 2036. RESULTS: In 2021, the incidence rate of congenital birth defects among children under five in China was 737.28 per 100 000. Among these, congenital musculoskeletal and limb deformities had the highest incidence rate at 307.15 per 100 000, followed by congenital heart defects (223.53 per 100 000), congenital urinary and genital tract malformations (74.99 per 100 000), and congenital gastrointestinal malformations (62.61 per 100 000). From 1990 to 2021, the incidence rate and DALY rate of congenital birth defects in children under five in China decreased at an average annual rate of 1.73% and 5.42%, respectively. The prediction analysis indicated a decreasing trend in the incidence of congenital birth defects among children under five in China from 2022 to 2036, with the incidence rate dropping from 892.36 per 100 000 in 2022 to 783.35 per 100 000 in 2036. CONCLUSIONS The incidence and disease burden of congenital birth defects in children under five in China showed a significant declining trend from 1990 to 2021. It is predicted that this incidence will continue to decrease until 2036.
Humans ; Congenital Abnormalities/epidemiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Male ; Forecasting ; Disability-Adjusted Life Years

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of Tibetan medicine 70 Wei Pearl Pill(RNSP)on 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA)induced Parkinson's disease model rats and its related mechanism.Methods Totally 48 male SD rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,model plus low-dose RNSP group(90 mg/kg),model plus medium-dose RNSP group(180 mg/kg),model plus high-dose RNSP group(360 mg/kg),and model plus madopar group(50 mg/kg),with 8 rats in per group.Except for the control group,the other rats were treated with 6-OHDA single injection into the striatum to establish the PD model.Each group was given intragastric administration after modeling and the control group and model group were given an equal volume of saline once a day for 4 weeks.The rats were subjected to apomorphine-induced rotation,experiments at the 2nd and 4th week after the completion of modeling,and the open field experiment was conducted the next day after the last rotation experiment to observe the animal behavior.After the behavioral experiment,the rats were stained with tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)in the substantia nigra pars compacta by immunohistochemical method and the positive neurons were counted.The protein levels of Bcl-2,BAX,Caspase-3 in substantia nigra and P38,P-P38,ERK,P-ERK,JNK,P-JNK in the striatum were detected by Western blotting.Results Compared with the control group,the rotation frequency and percentage of rotating rats in the model group increased significantly at the 2nd and 4th weeks after modeling;the open field active distance,average speed and times of crossing the grid were significantly decreased;and the rest time was significantly increased.While the number of TH positive neurons in the substantia nigra was significantly decreased,the BAX and Caspase-3 protein levels were increased significantly,Bcl-2 was decreased significantly,the ratios of P-P38/P38,P-JNK/JNK and P-ERK/ERK in the striatum were significantly increased in PD group.Compared with the model group,the rotation frequency and percentage of rotating rats in the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of RNSP had no significant changes after 2 weeks of administration,the rotation frequency in the high-dose group and percentage of rotating rats in the low-and medium-dose RNSP groups significantly decreased after 4 weeks of administration.The open field active distance,average speed,and times of crossing the grid were significantly increased;the rest time was significantly decreased.The number of TH positive neurons in the substantia nigra was significantly increased,the Bax and Caspase-3 protein levels were decreased significantly while the Bcl-2 was significantly increased.The ratios of P-P38/P38,P-JNK/JNK and P-ERK/ERK in the striatum were significantly decreased.Conclusion Tibetan medicine RNSP can improve the motor ability and reduce the loss of DA neurons in PD rats,and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting P38/JNK/ERK signaling pathway and reducing the apoptosis of midbrain neurons.