OBJECTIVES: To investigate the application value of thromboelastography (TEG) in assessing coagulation function in children with severe hemophilia A (HA) after emicizumab (EMI) therapy. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and TEG testing results of 17 children with severe HA before and after EMI treatment at Shenzhen Children's Hospital from January 2023 to July 2024. Correlation analysis was conducted between coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) equivalent activity and reaction time (R value) measured by TEG. RESULTS: After EMI treatment, the mean bleeding rate for children with severe HA was 1.6 events per year, with 15 children (88%) without spontaneous bleeding or joint bleeding. The children with severe HA showed a significant reduction in APTT after EMI treatment (P<0.05), with a significantly shorter APTT than the normal control group (P<0.05). There was no correlation between APTT and FVIII equivalent activity after treatment (P>0.05). After EMI treatment, TEG parameters, including R value, kinetic time, alpha angle (α), maximum amplitude, clot strength, and coagulation index, shifted from a hypocoagulable state before treatment to a nearly normal state after treatment (P<0.05). The R value demonstrated a strong negative correlation with FVIII equivalent activity (r=-0.758, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The bleeding condition of children with severe HA can be effectively controlled after EMI treatment. Routine APTT testing cannot reflect true coagulation function, whereas TEG testing is clinically valuable in assessing the coagulation function of children with severe HA undergoing EMI treatment.
Humans ; Thrombelastography ; Hemophilia A/physiopathology* ; Male ; Child ; Antibodies, Bispecific/therapeutic use* ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use* ; Blood Coagulation/drug effects* ; Child, Preschool ; Retrospective Studies ; Female ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Adolescent ; Infant

To effectively exploit the tumor microenvironment (TME), TME-responsive nanocarriers based on cascade reactions have received much attention. In this study, we designed a novel nanoparticle PB@SiO₂@MnO₂@P-Arg (PMP) to construct a cascade reaction nanoplatform. While using biosafety Prussian blue (PB) for photothermal therapy (PTT), this nanoplatform uses silica (SiO₂) as an intermediate layer to assemble Prussian blue and manganese dioxide (MnO₂) into a core-shell structure, which effectively enhances the response of the nanoplatform to TME and promotes the effect of chemodynamic therapy (CDT) resulting from glutathione (GSH) depletion and Fenton-like reaction. The released Mn²⁺ can also be used for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Through the cascade reaction, poly-l-arginine (P-Arg) coated on the surface of the nanoparticles can react with hydroxyl radical (•OH) obtained from the Fenton-like reaction to release nitric oxide (NO), which further reacts with O₂•^- to produce the more toxic peroxynitrite anion (ONOO^-). The photothermal effect of PB further enhances the effect of the cascade reaction while reducing the amount of heat required for treatment. In vitro and in vivo studies confirmed the antitumor effects of cascade reaction-based nanoplatforms in combined photothermal/chemodynamic/gas cancer therapies, providing new strategies for the design and fabrication of multifunctional nanoplatforms that integrate diagnostic and therapeutic functions, as well as the application of cascade reactions in multimodal synergistic therapy.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of adrenal lesions in unilateral primary aldosteronism.Methods:This is a prospective study. Consecutive patients diagnosed with unilateral primary aldosteronism at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from December 2023 to November 2024 were included. Inclusion criteria：① Age is 18 to 80 years old；② The laboratory test indicators are in line with the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism；③ The auxiliary examination proved that only one side was involved；④ Patient undergo unilateral total adrenalectomy. The exclusion criteria are as follows：① Complete biochemical remission was not achieved during the 1-6 month follow-up after the surgery；② Postoperative loss to follow-up；③ No surgical specimens were received or the surgical specimens were incomplete，making continuous sectioning impossible. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were recruited，and their clinical and biochemical data were recorded. The number of adrenal nodules visible on CT scans and the number of macroscopically visible nodules in the postoperative adrenal gross specimens were documented. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE）staining and aldosterone synthase CYP11B2 immunohistochemical staining were performed on the adrenal tissues after the operation. The number of nodules visible under the light microscope and the number of CYP11B2-positive nodules were recorded.Results:A total of 114 cases were included in this study. The age of the patients was（49.86 ± 9.80）years，the body mass index was（25.49 ± 3.40）kg/m2，the preoperative aldosterone level was 352（2012，556）pg/ml，and the direct renin concentration was 1.63（0.50，4.56）μIU/ml. The aldosterone/renin ratio was 224.9（57.1，641.6）（aldosterone concentration unit was pg/ml，renin concentration unit was μIU/ml），the minimum blood potassium concentration was 2.87（2.50，3.40）mmol/L，and the systolic blood pressure was（144.5 ± 19.5）mmHg. Among the 114 patients，105 had adrenal nodules detected by preoperative CT，of whom 2（1.75%）had multiple nodules. Postoperative gross adrenal specimen evaluation and CYP11B2 immunohistochemical staining revealed that 90 out of 114 cases were solitary nodules，2 cases had no nodules，and 22 cases（19.30%）had multiple nodules detected（17 cases had 2 nodules and 5 cases had 3 nodules）. Among them，12 cases（10.53%）presented as grossly visible multinodular lesions，while 10 cases（8.77%）appeared as solitary nodules macroscopically but demonstrated multinodular patterns on immunohistochemical staining. CYP11B2 staining showed that among the 22 patients with multiple nodules，13 had multiple CYP11B2-positive nodules，while the remaining had only one positive nodule. Among the 22 patients with multiple nodules，preoperative CT showed single nodules in 19 cases，hyperplasia in 1 case，and multiple nodules in 2 cases（9.09%）. Among the 12 patients with grossly visible multinodular lesions，preoperative CT showed single nodules in 9 cases，hyperplasia in 1 case，and multiple nodules in 2 cases（16.67%）.Conclusions:Multiple adrenal nodules associated with unilateral primary aldosteronism are relatively common，and are often not detected by preoperative CT examination. Partial adrenalectomy based solely on CT-visible nodules may fail to achieve complete remission of primary aldosteronism. This study provides evidence supporting total adrenalectomy as the preferred surgical approach for unilateral primary aldosteronism.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of adrenal lesions in unilateral primary aldosteronism.Methods:This is a prospective study. Consecutive patients diagnosed with unilateral primary aldosteronism at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from December 2023 to November 2024 were included. Inclusion criteria：① Age is 18 to 80 years old；② The laboratory test indicators are in line with the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism；③ The auxiliary examination proved that only one side was involved；④ Patient undergo unilateral total adrenalectomy. The exclusion criteria are as follows：① Complete biochemical remission was not achieved during the 1-6 month follow-up after the surgery；② Postoperative loss to follow-up；③ No surgical specimens were received or the surgical specimens were incomplete，making continuous sectioning impossible. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were recruited，and their clinical and biochemical data were recorded. The number of adrenal nodules visible on CT scans and the number of macroscopically visible nodules in the postoperative adrenal gross specimens were documented. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE）staining and aldosterone synthase CYP11B2 immunohistochemical staining were performed on the adrenal tissues after the operation. The number of nodules visible under the light microscope and the number of CYP11B2-positive nodules were recorded.Results:A total of 114 cases were included in this study. The age of the patients was（49.86 ± 9.80）years，the body mass index was（25.49 ± 3.40）kg/m2，the preoperative aldosterone level was 352（2012，556）pg/ml，and the direct renin concentration was 1.63（0.50，4.56）μIU/ml. The aldosterone/renin ratio was 224.9（57.1，641.6）（aldosterone concentration unit was pg/ml，renin concentration unit was μIU/ml），the minimum blood potassium concentration was 2.87（2.50，3.40）mmol/L，and the systolic blood pressure was（144.5 ± 19.5）mmHg. Among the 114 patients，105 had adrenal nodules detected by preoperative CT，of whom 2（1.75%）had multiple nodules. Postoperative gross adrenal specimen evaluation and CYP11B2 immunohistochemical staining revealed that 90 out of 114 cases were solitary nodules，2 cases had no nodules，and 22 cases（19.30%）had multiple nodules detected（17 cases had 2 nodules and 5 cases had 3 nodules）. Among them，12 cases（10.53%）presented as grossly visible multinodular lesions，while 10 cases（8.77%）appeared as solitary nodules macroscopically but demonstrated multinodular patterns on immunohistochemical staining. CYP11B2 staining showed that among the 22 patients with multiple nodules，13 had multiple CYP11B2-positive nodules，while the remaining had only one positive nodule. Among the 22 patients with multiple nodules，preoperative CT showed single nodules in 19 cases，hyperplasia in 1 case，and multiple nodules in 2 cases（9.09%）. Among the 12 patients with grossly visible multinodular lesions，preoperative CT showed single nodules in 9 cases，hyperplasia in 1 case，and multiple nodules in 2 cases（16.67%）.Conclusions:Multiple adrenal nodules associated with unilateral primary aldosteronism are relatively common，and are often not detected by preoperative CT examination. Partial adrenalectomy based solely on CT-visible nodules may fail to achieve complete remission of primary aldosteronism. This study provides evidence supporting total adrenalectomy as the preferred surgical approach for unilateral primary aldosteronism.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides in the continuation treatment of mild and moderate depression.Methods An open,single-arm,multi-center design was adopted in our study.Adult patients with mild and moderate depression who had received acute treatment of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides were enrolled and continue to receive Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides capsules for 24 weeks,the dose remained unchanged during continuation treatment.The remission rate,recurrence rate,recurrence time,and the change from baseline to endpoint of Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),Clinical Global Impression-Severity(CGI-S)and Arizona Sexual Experience Scale(ASEX)were evaluated.The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was reported.Results The scores of HAMD-17 at baseline and after treatment were 6.60±1.87 and 5.85±4.18,scores of HAMA were 6.36±3.02 and 4.93±3.09,scores of CGI-S were 1.49±0.56 and 1.29±0.81,scores of ASEX were 15.92±4.72 and 15.57±5.26,with significant difference(P＜0.05).After continuation treatment,the remission rate was 54.59％(202 cases/370 cases),and the recurrence rate was 6.49％(24 cases/370 cases),the recurrence time was(64.67±42.47)days.The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was 15.35％(64 cases/417 cases).Conclusion Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides capsules can be effectively used for the continuation treatment of mild and moderate depression,and are well tolerated and safe.

Objective To explore the severity of loneliness among the elderly in communities in Shanghai,and to identify factors associated with social and emotional loneliness respectively.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in older adults aged 65 years or above in Pudong New Area,Jing'an District and Huangpu District in Shanghai from Mar to Jun 2021.In Pudong New Area,multi-stage stratified random sampling was conducted based on the age and gender distribution of Shanghai,while in Huangpu District and Jing'an District convenience sampling was conducted.A total of 635 samples were included in the study.Loneliness was assessed using the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale with social and emotional loneliness subscales.Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with social and emotional loneliness.Results Among the 635 participants,only 53 older adults(8.4%)were not lonely.Female(OR=0.46,95%CI:0.31-0.70),higher self-efficacy(OR=0.97,95%CI:0.94-1.00),more objective social support(OR=0.96,95%CI:0.93-0.99)were associated with less severe social loneliness.Meanwhile,higher level of education(secondary education,OR=0.56,95%CI:0.34-0.95;college or above,OR=0.30,95%CI:0.11-0.83)and higher self-efficacy(OR=0.96,95%CI:0.93-0.99)were associated with less severe emotional loneliness,while depression(OR=3.41,95%CI:1.76-6.60)and worse social capital(OR=2.02,95%CI:1.29-3.16)were associated with more severe emotional loneliness.Conclusion Up to 91.6%of the elderly in our study sample were moderately lonely or above.The factors associated with social loneliness include self-efficacy,gender and social support.The factors associated with emotional loneliness are self-efficacy,education level,depression,and social capital.

Objective To investigate the food preferences and explore the potential association between dietary knowledge and food preferences in residents aged 18 and over in China,so as to provide a basis for promoting healthy diets.Methods The latent class analysis was carried out with the 2015 cross-sectional data of China health and nutrition survey to categorize the food preferences among 8 783 residents aged 18 and over.Multinomial Logistic regression was adopted to assess the association between and dietary knowledge and food preferences.Results The food preferences of the residents aged 18 and over in China were classified into preference for less vegetable(3.28%),lack of preference(11.20%),diverse preferences(4.19%),and preference for healthy diets(81.33%).The proportion of the adults with dietary knowledge was 36.87%(3 238/8 783).The dietary knowledge varied in the adults with different food preferences(all P<0.001).After adjusting for gender,age,urban and rural distribution,education background,and annual household income,for each point increase in the dietary knowledge score,there was an estimated reduction of 22% in the probability of preferring less vegetables(OR=0.78,95%CI=0.76-0.80, P<0.001),13% in the probability of lacking preference(OR=0.87,95%CI=0.86-0.89, P<0.001),and 3% in the probability of having diverse preferences(OR=0.97,95%CI=0.94-1.00, P=0.030).Compared with those lacking dietary knowledge,the individuals with dietary knowledge had a 77% less probability of preferring less vegetables(OR=0.23,95%CI=0.16-0.32, P<0.001),a 55% less probability of lacking preference(OR=0.45,95%CI=0.39-0.53, P<0.001),and a 23% less probability of having diverse preferences(OR=0.77,95%CI=0.61-0.96, P=0.023).Conclusions The residents aged 18 and over in China presented four food preferences,including preference for less vegetables,lack of preference,diverse preferences,and preference for healthy diets,the last of which had the highest proportion.The individuals with lower levels of dietary knowledge have higher probability of preferring unhealthy food.
Adult ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Food Preferences ; Latent Class Analysis ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diet ; Nutrition Surveys ; China